The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various populations

The insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome is characterized by the variable co-existence of hyperinsulinemia, obesity, dyslipidemia (small dense low-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and hypertension. The pathogenesis of the syndrome has multiple origins. However, obesity and sedentary lifestyle coupled with diet and still largely unknown genetic factors clearly interact to produce the syndrome. This multifactorial and complex trait of metabolic syndrome leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The scope of this review is to examine the differences in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in various groups (eg, according to age, sex, ethnicity, social status, or presence of obesity) that could help with the better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome. This review also considers the impact of metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular disease.     

A pregnant lady with intermittent vaginal bleeding (2007: 3b)

Placenta percreta is a potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy, which is increasing in incidence. Ante-natal diagnosis with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging aids the obstetric team in planning further management. We present a case of placenta percreta with imaging and a brief review of the literature.     

Socio-demographic, health-related and psychosocial correlates of fear of falling and avoidance of activity in community-living older persons who avoid activity due to fear of falling

Background  

Fear of falling and avoidance of activity are common in old age and are suggested to be (public) health problems of equal importance to falls. Earlier studies of correlates of fear of falling and avoidance of activity did hardly differentiate between severe and mild levels of fear of falling and avoidance of activity which may be relevant from clinical point of view. Furthermore, most studies focused only on socio-demographics and/or health-related variables and hardly incorporated an extensive range of potential correlates of fear of falling including psychosocial variables. This study analyzes the univariate and multivariate associations between five socio-demographic, seven health-related and six psychosocial variables and levels of fear of falling and avoidance of activity in older persons who avoid activity due to fear of falling.     

洁净ICU病房人物流管理与医院内感染发生的研究分析

[目的]通过规范空气层流洁净病房内人员流动与物质流动,探讨洁净ICU区域人物流管理对医院内感染发生率的影响。[方法]制定ICU人物流进出的相关制度并严格执行,每月两次不定期对洁净ICU病区进行空气培养,与采取传统模式管理的专科ICU病区的空气培养进行对比分析。[结果]2009～2010年对洁净ICU及普通ICU各进行48次的空气培养,每月2次,洁净ICU细菌超标1次,合格率97.9%;普通ICU细菌超标7次,合格率85.4%两组的合格率相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.79,P﹤0.05)。[结论]规范的人员流动与物质流动管理能有效降低层流洁净环境的空气污染程度,控制或降低医院内感染发生。     

十堰市首次从食品中检出霍乱弧菌的报告

目的了解十堰市霍乱弧菌污染状况,为疫情分析,预警及制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采集市场销售的生畜禽肉、水产品、外环境水体、苍蝇、牛粪等,按《霍乱防治手册》进行检验。结果共采集样品52份,分别从基围虾和生猪肉中各检出1株小川型霍乱弧菌,阳性率为3．84％。这两株菌etxA毒力基因测检阴性为非流行株,药敏试验表明它们对头孢噻肟、氯霉素、四环素敏感。结论十堰市生畜肉类,水产品中存在霍乱弧菌污染状况,虽经鉴定为无毒力非流行株,但仍需加强监测和消毒力度,防止疾病和疫情的发生。     

敏感问题Simmons模型分层二阶段整群抽样的统计方法

目的为二分类敏感性问题提供科学的较复杂抽样调查方法及其统计量的计算公式。方法使用Simmons模型、分层两阶段整群抽样调查方法、全概率公式、方差的基本性质等理论和方法,进行了相关公式的推导;并且使用内容效度的评价方法对该统计方法进行效度评价。结果推导出二分类敏感问题Simmons模型在分层二阶段整群抽样下总体比例的估计量及其估计方差的计算公式,其效度评价的＂优良＂一致率高达100%。并成功应用该调查方法及相关公式调查得苏州大学本科生和研究生婚前性行为发生比例分别为14.71%和27.25%,总体比例为18.37%。结论敏感性问题Simmons模型的分层两阶段整群抽样调查方法及相应的统计量计算公式科学可行。     

Stress testing response in women heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia

We evaluated 62 exercise treadmill tests (ETTs) in equal numbers of heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (hFH) and healthy (HLY) women, matched for age, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and baseline heart rate (HR), using the Bruce protocol. Both groups had similar rate pressure product (RPP) and workload in metabolic equivalents (METs) (27,563+/-3124 vs. 29,090+/-4077, p=0.103 and 11.2+/-1.7 vs. 11.5+/-1.8, p=0.473, respectively). Women with hFH had lower delta (difference of peak to baseline) and peak exercise systolic and diastolic BP (systolic: 48+/-12 vs. 58+/-17 mmHg, p=0.010 and 167+/-19 vs. 177+/-17 mmHg, p=0.042, respectively; diastolic: 11+/-7 vs. 15+/-7 mmHg, p=0.028 and 85+/-7 vs. 91+/-7 mmHg, p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, women with hFH had higher delta percentage (%) of HR, compared to HLY; (106+/-25 vs. 95+/-20, p=0.047). In conclusion, hFH women possibly have an inadequate rise in systolic BP during ETT. Diastolic BP increased more in the HLY than in the hFH group, but still remained within normal limits. These findings may reflect preclinical changes of atherosclerosis in hFH women, however further research should be undertaken.