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Introduction

Anti-EGFR agents are standard treatments for patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC. The feasibility of combining erlotinib or gefitinib with the anti–programmed death 1 immunotherapy pembrolizumab was evaluated in the phase 1/2 KEYNOTE-021 study (NCT02039674).

Methods

Adults with previously untreated stage IIIB/IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC were treated with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks plus oral erlotinib 150 mg daily in cohort E or oral gefitinib 250 mg daily in cohort F, using a 3 + 3 design with cohort expansion. rTumor response was evaluated per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 by blinded independent central review. The primary objective was determination of a recommended phase 2 dose.

Results

Twelve patients enrolled to receive pembrolizumab plus erlotinib and seven to receive pembrolizumab plus gefitinib. No dose-limiting toxicities or grade 5 events occurred. Pembrolizumab plus erlotinib was feasible, with adverse events similar to those expected for monotherapy. However, pembrolizumab plus gefitinib was not feasible due to grade 3/4 liver toxicity in five of seven patients (71.4%), leading to permanent treatment discontinuation in four patients. The most frequently occurring treatment-related adverse events with pembrolizumab plus erlotinib were rash (50.0%), dermatitis acneiform, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, and pruritus (33.3% each). The objective response rate was 41.7%, including response in all four patients with programmed death ligand 1 expression 50% or greater.

Conclusions

Although pembrolizumab plus gefitinib was not feasible, the toxicity profile observed with pembrolizumab plus erlotinib suggests combining immunotherapy with anti-EGFR therapy is feasible. Pembrolizumab plus erlotinib did not improve objective response rate compared with previous monotherapy studies; further evaluation would be necessary to evaluate potential effects on other efficacy outcomes.  相似文献   
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Background

Patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and short prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) are at risk for metastasis yet may wish to avoid androgen deprivation therapy. Itraconazole may have antitumor activity without affecting circulating androgen levels. We therefore evaluated itraconazole as a potentially noncastrating treatment approach in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods

Patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and PSADT ≤ 15 months, with serum testosterone > 150 ng/dL, were prospectively enrolled. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who experienced ≥ 50% decline from baseline in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by week 12.

Results

Twenty-one patients were enrolled. The median (range) age, baseline PSA, and PSADT at study entry was 72 (49-76) years, 7.6 (1.5-45.5) ng/mL, and 5.7 (1.2-13.0) months, respectively. Among 19 patients with evaluable data, 1 patient (5%) had a > 50% PSA decline. Nine patients (47%) experienced any PSA decline (mean decline 25.0%, range 2%-60%) by week 12. Among 10 patients without a PSA decline, the on-treatment versus pretreatment PSADT was not significantly longer (median 6.8 vs. 4.3 months, P = .17). There was no significant change from baseline to week 12 in serum testosterone (median change = 32.4%, P = .21) or androstenedione (median change = ?8.3%, P = .85). The most common adverse events were edema (52%), fatigue (38%), hypertension (24%), and hypokalemia (24%).

Conclusion

Itraconazole modulates serum PSA levels without lowering serum testosterone. However, the magnitude of effect is modest, and treatment carries risk of toxicities associated with mineralocorticoid excess.  相似文献   
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Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is characterized by coexistent extensive cutaneous vascular (capillary) and pigmentary anomalies. We describe a 2‐month‐old infant presenting with classic features of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis 2b (phacomatosis cesioflammea). He was also found to have hitherto unreported associations in the form of extensive venous anomalies presenting as striking abdominal wall varicosities and persistent left superior vena cava and natal tooth.  相似文献   
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