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51.
Ryan L. Olson Christopher J. Brush Peter J. Ehmann Brandon L. Alderman 《Clinical neurophysiology》2017,128(6):903-913
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training intervention on cognitive control in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods
Participants with a current diagnosis of MDD (n = 30; 21.1 ± 2.0 years) were stratified by depressive symptoms and randomized to an 8-week intervention of aerobic exercise (AE) or placebo exercise (PE). AE consisted of three sessions/week of moderate-intensity exercise training while PE consisted of three sessions/week of light-intensity stretching. Cognitive control was assessed pre- and post-treatment using behavioral performance (i.e., reaction time and accuracy) and event-related potentials (i.e., N2 amplitude). Depressive symptoms and rumination were also assessed before and after the intervention.Results
Compared with PE, the AE treatment arm was associated with an increase in N2 amplitude to incongruent flanker task trials, reflecting an increase in cognitive control processes. Symptoms of depression also decreased after AE although the treatments did not differ in their effects on rumination. Exploratory mediation analysis indicated that changes in N2 amplitude did not mediate pre-to-post treatment reductions in depressive symptoms.Conclusions
An 8-week moderate-intensity AE program is associated with improved neural indices of conflict monitoring and reduced depressive symptoms among individuals with MDD.Significance
Future research examining the influence of exercise in combination with behavioral and pharmacological treatments for neurocognitive function in MDD is warranted. 相似文献52.
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P. BOURDIOL A. MISHELLANY‐DUTOUR S. ABOU‐EL‐KARAM E. NICOLAS A. WODA 《Journal of oral rehabilitation》2010,37(2):100-106
Summary The influence of the palatal vault dimensions on tongue position is here studied through evaluation of the in‐mouth air cavity (IMAC) volume when the mandible is in maximal intercuspal position. A sample of 35 women (mean age 21·2 ± 1·0) and 15 men (mean age 22·1 ± 0·9) was selected. The sagittal cross‐section area of the IMAC, which is modulated by the tongue position, was measured on lateral cephalograms. Dental casts were used to measure the palatal vault volume, which was defined by the occlusal plane, the hard palate and the posterior face of the second molars. Palatal vault volume allowed deduction of the IMAC volume through a rule of three procedure relating volume to area ratios. No IMAC could be calculated from cephalograms of 10 subjects who had the tongue stuck to the palate. For the 40 other subjects, the IMAC volume was 8·9 ± 4·8 mL. It was 2 mL larger in men (n = 14) than in women (n = 26) and was the largest in skeletal Class III and the smallest in skeletal Class II (P > 0·05). IMAC volume was strongly correlated with palatal vault height but neither with palatal width nor length. It was thus assumed that the height of the palatal vault could influence the most observed position of the tongue but this does not exclude a possible growth influence of the tongue on its surrounding skeletal structures. 相似文献
55.
E. Turkstra J. Gamble D. K. Creedy J. Fenwick L. Barclay A. Buist EL. Ryding P. A. Scuffham 《Archives of women's mental health》2013,16(6):561-564
We investigated the impact of pre-existing mental ill health on postpartum maternal outcomes. Women reporting childbirth trauma received counselling (Promoting Resilience in Mothers' Emotions; n?=?137) or parenting support (n?=?125) at birth and 6 weeks. The EuroQol Five dimensional (EQ-5D)-measured health-related quality of life at 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, EQ-5D was better for women without mental health problems receiving PRIME (mean difference (MD) 0.06; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.10) or parenting support (MD 0.08; 95 % CI 0.01 to 0.14). Pre-existing mental health conditions influence quality of life in women with childbirth trauma. 相似文献
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