A mineral-related feature of young plaque characteristic to periodontitis-affected adults

The calcium concentration of 3-day-old total supragingival plaque in periodontitis-affected adults (n = 12) and their age and sex-matched periodontitis-free pairs was compared. The young plaque of the periodontitis-affected adults contained more calcium per protein (P less than 0.025, sign test) than that of the periodontitis-free pairs. The findings of the present study may suggest that high Ca-content of supragingival plaque is connected to the development of adult periodontitis.     

Not simply a foreign body

The presence of foreign biological substances in the human body can lead to violent immune reactions. This is the report of a very rare case involving not only the presence of a biological substance, but also a symbiotic relationship between a living plant (the common wheat grain, Triticum aestivum L.) and the human body. Black coal particles and one cereal grain were removed from the subgalea of the right parietal region of a 35-year-old man who had sustained injuries in a motor vehicle accident 16 days earlier. There were signs of germination of the grain, but no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Grain germination was verified microscopically. There are various explanations for the absence of an immune reaction, but only coal-tar-induced immunosuppression can explain the observed phenomenon.     

A congenital teratoma with a cleft palate: report of a case

Teratomas are benign tumors containing cells from ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal layers. They occur in about 1 in every 4000 births and most commonly in the sacrococcygeal region, followed by the ovaries. Congenital epignathus teratomas are rare embryological neoplasms localised in the region of head and neck. An epignathus is found in approximately 1:35,000 to 1:200,000 live births. This accounts for 2-9% of all teratomas. Size and location of the neoplasm in the oronasopharynx is variable. Teratomas are partly undiagnosed at the time of birth. They may exist with an intracranial extension or as small polyps. Large epignathi can lead to difficult management during and after birth. The case of a newborn girl with a combination of an epignathus and a cleft palate is described. The epignathus presented as a huge mass extending out of the mouth of the infant girl. On the day of birth debulking of the extraoral portion of the tumor, followed by intraoral exstirpation, was performed. The results of the histologic examination indicated a congenital epignathus. Six months later a recurrence was found.     

Apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria following use of various instrumentation techniques

Aim To evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically from extracted teeth ex vivo after canal instrumentation using a manual technique and three engine‐driven techniques utilizing nickel–titanium instruments (K3, RaCe, and FlexMaster). Methodology Seventy extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with similar dimensions were used. Access cavities were prepared and root canals were then contaminated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and then dried. The contaminated roots were divided into four experimental groups of 15 teeth each and one control group of 10 teeth. G1. RaCe group: the root canals were instrumented using RaCe instruments. G2. K3 group: the root canals were instrumented using K3 instruments. G3. FlexMaster group: the root canals were instrumented using FlexMaster instruments. G4. Manual technique group: the root canals were instrumented using K‐type stainless steel instruments. G5. Control group: no instrumentation was attempted. Bacteria extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected into vials. The resultant microbiological samples were removed from the vials and then incubated in culture media for 24 h. The number of colony‐forming units (CFU) was determined for each sample. The data obtained were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, with α = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance. Results There was a significant difference between experimental‐control and engine‐driven‐manual technique groups (P < 0.05). The manual technique was associated with the greatest extrusion of microorganism. Conclusions All instrumentation techniques extruded intracanal bacteria apically. No significant difference was found in the number of CFU among the engine‐driven techniques; manual techniques extruded significantly more microorganisms.     

Effect of Compromised Cortical Bone on Implant Load Distribution

Purpose: To investigate photoelastically the difference in load distribution of dental implants with different implant neck designs in intact and compromised bone. Materials and Methods: Composite photoelastic models were fabricated using two different resins to simulate trabecular bone and a 1‐mm thick layer of cortical bone. The following parallel‐sided, threaded implants were centrally located in individual models representing intact and compromised cortical bone: Straumann (4.1‐mm diameter × 12‐mm length), AstraTech (4.0‐mm diameter × 13‐mm length), and 3i (3.75‐mm diameter × 13‐mm length). The compromised cortical bone condition was simulated by contaminating a 1‐mm neck portion with Vaseline to impair the implant–resin interface. Vertical and oblique static loads were applied on the abutments, and the resulting stresses were monitored photoelastically and recorded photograhphically. Results: For the fully intact condition, the highest stresses were observed around the crest and apical region for all implant designs under vertical and inclined loads. There were no appreciable differences in magnitude or distribution between implant types. With compromised cortical bone, for all designs and load directions, higher stresses in the supporting structures were observed. Increased stresses were noted especially at the cortical bone–trabecular bone interface. Somewhat lower stress levels were observed with the 3i implant. Conclusions: The condition of implant–cortical bone contact has considerable influence on stress distribution. A compromised cortical bone condition caused higher level stresses for all implant designs tested.     

The application of microscopic surgery in dentistry

The use of the microscope as a tool for practising Medicine, especially in surgical specialisations, has been established for decades. The microscope was first used in OdontologyDentistry back to the 1970s and 1980s, and was introduced more widely (although it was still far from being in general use) during 1990s. The purpose of this article is to describe the main applications of the microscope in OdontologyDentistry today, as well as providing odontologists and stomatologists, whether specialists or in general practice, with information about microscopic OdontologyDentistry for better patient care. This work also gives particular importance to matters needed to achieve the necessary manual dexterity to work in a magnified operating field using a surgical microscope (SM).     

Überlebensverbesserung eines unizentrischen Gesamtkollektivs aus 20 Jahren

Purpose

The development of overall survival of a DÖSAK (German-Austrian-Swiss Cooperative Group on tumours of the maxillofacial region) clinic’s overall population comprising a time period of more than 20 years (1983–2004) should be assessed. At a cutoff date (January 1st, 1997), a change from a primarily surgically based to a consequent multi-modality treatment regimen was implemented. The periods of time before and after that change should be compared.

Methods and patients

The data of the DÖSAK registry entries on 1038 patients suffering from primary untreated oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas were updated with respect to follow-up and mortality data to achieve a 100% quality of follow-up. The end point (death) was reached in 67% of the overall population. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Trium Analysis Online corporation, Munich.

Results

The portion of female and older tumor patients increased, more than half of all tumor patients were clearly in stage IV of the disease at first referral. The portion of patients operated on persisted approximately (80%), the portion of additional treatment modalities could be increased considerably. The fact of a bony infiltration by the tumor and the operability remained highly significantly relevant for survival in multivariate analysis, despite of multi-modality treatment. The survival rate of the patients remained significantly dependent on the clinical stage of the disease in multivariate analysis but could be improved by 10% in the clinical stages II and III and in the patients who could not be operated on. All in all, the cutoff date was statistically relevant for survival in multivariate analysis, i.?e. the change in the treatment regimen had a verifiable positive effect on the survival of a unicentric overall population.

Conclusion

Survival improvement in an overall population via change in treatment strategy is possible in relatively short time; the clinical stages II and III and the non-operable patients have the greatest benefit from a multi-modality treatment.     

Evaluation of the relationship between the Demirjian and Nolla methods and the pubertal growth spurt stage predicted by skeletal maturation indicators in Turkish children aged 10–15: investigation study

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of evaluating the relationship between dental maturation and skeletal maturation without taking a hand–wrist radiogram outside of panoramic radiogram. Materials and methods: Panoramic and hand–wrist radiographs of 717 patients (383 girls and 334 boys), with ages ranging from 10 to 15 years, were evaluated. Dental maturity stages of the mandibular canine, first premolar, second premolar and second molar teeth were determined by Demirjian’s and Nolla’s methods. The skeletal maturation was determined by Fishman method and bone age was determined through the Greulich and Pyle method. Results: All teeth showed positive and statistically significant correlations, the highest correlation was between the mandibular second premolar calcification stages and hand–wrist maturation stages. According to both dental age determination methods, mandibular second premolar was prominent in determining to the pubertal growth stages. Conclusions: There was a positive relationship between dental calcification stages and skeletal maturation stages, in the study population. Dental calcification stages of the second mandibular premolar showed the highest positive correlation with the skeletal maturation stages.