Potential contributions of trace amines in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic prospects

正Trace amines and their biochemistry: Trace amines represent endogenous monoamines present in very low concentration(usually nM) in the brain in comparison to classical monoamine neurotransmitters.These trace amines can regulate the amount of the classical monoamine neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.Trace amines that have crucial roles in neuromodulation and neurotransmission include p-tyramine,     

Comparative study of Hg(ii) biosorption performance of xanthated and charred sugarcane bagasse from aqueous solutions

The main target of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of charred xanthated sugarcane bagasse (CXSB) and charred sugarcane bagasse (CSB) in the removal of Hg(ii) ions from aqueous media. Batch experiments were performed to study the experimental parameters such as effects of pH, concentration, contact time and temperature. The adsorption velocity of Hg(ii) onto CSB and CXSB was fast and reached equilibrium within 60 minutes. Isotherm and kinetic studies showed that Hg(ii) uptake using both the biosorbents followed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg(ii) at optimum pH 4.5 onto CSB and CXSB was found to be 125 mg g⁻¹ and 333.34 mg g⁻¹, respectively. A negative value of ΔG° and positive ΔS° value (0.24 kJ mol⁻¹ for CSB and 0.18 kJ mol⁻¹ for CXSB) for both the biosorbents confirm the spontaneous nature of Hg(ii) adsorption. A positive value of ΔH° (52.06 kJ mol⁻¹ for CSB and 30.82 kJ mol⁻¹ for CXSB) suggests the endothermic nature of biosorption. The investigated results shows that CXSB compared to CSB can be used as a low cost and environmentally benign bio-adsorbent for the removal of Hg(ii) ions from aqueous solutions.

Ion exchange adsorption mechanism of Hg(ii) onto the monomeric unit of charred xanthated sugarcane bagasse (CXSB).     

An updated single center experience with plerixafor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for stem cell mobilization in light chain amyloidosis

The use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) with or without chemotherapy to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can result in significant morbidity in light chain (AL) amyloidosis patients. Plerixafor, a strong inducer and mobilizer of HPCs, can be used as an adjunct to G-CSF to improve mobilization efficiency. We describe the outcomes for combined G-CSF/plerixafor mobilized patients with AL amyloidosis. We reviewed data of 53 consecutive AL amyloidosis patients who underwent combined G-CSF/plerixafor HPC mobilization between May 2011 and October 2017 at our institution. We evaluated patients for HPC collection efficiency, perimobilization toxicity and postautologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) outcomes. Median CD34⁺ cell collection was 12.4 × 10⁶ cells/kg (range 2.5 × 10⁶ to 34.1 × 10⁶ cells/kg) and 45 (85%) patients had collections of ≥5.0 × 10⁶ CD34⁺ cells/kg. There were no mobilization failures or perimobilization mortality. During mobilization, 37 (70%) patients had weight gain (median 1.3 kg, range 0.1-4) but none >10% body weight, 5 (10%) patients had diarrhea, and one patient each had hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia. Among the 31 patients analyzed for CD34 collection efficiency (CE), the median CD34 CE was 47% (range 36-62). At 5 years follow-up 82% and 84% of patients were progression-free and alive, respectively. Our results suggest that G-CSF/plerixafor mobilization is safe, well tolerated, and effective in AL amyloidosis.     

Mig-6 controls EGFR trafficking and suppresses gliomagenesis

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain cancer that is driven by aberrant signaling of growth factor receptors, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR signaling is tightly regulated by receptor endocytosis and lysosome-mediated degradation, although the molecular mechanisms governing such regulation, particularly in the context of cancer, remain poorly delineated. Here, high-resolution genomic profiles of GBM identified a highly recurrent focal 1p36 deletion encompassing the putative tumor suppressor gene, Mig-6. We show that Mig-6 quells the malignant potential of GBM cells and dampens EGFR signaling by driving EGFR into late endosomes and lysosome-mediated degradation upon ligand stimulation. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by the binding of Mig-6 to a SNARE protein STX8, a protein known to be required for late endosome trafficking. Thus, Mig-6 functions to ensure recruitment of internalized receptor to late endosomes and subsequently the lysosomal degradation compartment through its ability to specifically link EGFR and STX8 during ligand-stimulated EGFR trafficking. In GBM, the highly frequent loss of Mig-6 would therefore serve to sustain aberrant EGFR-mediated oncogenic signaling. Together, these data uncover a unique tumor suppression mechanism involving the regulation of receptor trafficking.     

Surgical Implant Generation Network (SIGN) intramedullary nailing of open fractures of the tibia

We treated 36 open tibial fractures (32 patients) by primary intramedullary nailing and debridement and treatment of open wounds. There were 13 grade I, 14 grade II and 9 grade III according to Gustilo-Anderson classification. After a minimum follow-up of 8 months, there were two cases of superficial infection and one of deep infection. Thirty-one fractures united within 6 months with a mean period to union of 22 weeks. There were four delayed unions and one non-union. There was a longer union time and a higher rate of delayed or non-union in the complex and/or comminuted grade IIIB fractures. Intramedullary nailing, with appropriate soft-tissue treatment, gives good results in the treatment of open tibial fractures.

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Résumé Nous avons traité 36 fractures ouvertes du tibia (32 malades) par enclouage centromédullaire et débridement des plaies. Il y avait 13 grades I, 14 grades II et 9 grades III selon la classification de Gustilo-Anderson. Après un minimum de suivi de 8 mois il y avait deux cas dinfection superficielle et un dinfection profonde. 31 fractures ont consolidé en moins de 6 mois avec un délai moyen de 22 semaines. Il y avait quatre retards de consolidation et une non—consolidation. Il y avait un délai de consolidation plus long et un taux plus élevé de consolidation retardé ou de non consolidation dans les fractures complexes et/ou comminutives de grade IIIB. Lenclouage centromédullaire avec traitement approprié des lésions des parties molles, donne de bons résultats dans le traitement des fractures tibiales ouvertes.

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Statement on conflict of interest: No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.     

Time dependent ethnic convergence in colorectal cancer survival in hawaii

Background  

Although colorectal cancer death rates have been declining, this trend is not consistent across all ethnic groups. Biological, environmental, behavioral and socioeconomic explanations exist, but the reason for this discrepancy remains inconclusive. We examined the hypothesis that improved cancer screening across all ethnic groups will reduce ethnic differences in colorectal cancer survival.     

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

This report describes a case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. No specific exposure was identified. Treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was associated with marked clinical improvement, but subsequent fatal relapse while still on therapy.     

Clinical spectrum of patients presenting with Bronchiectasis in Nepal: evidence of linkage between tuberculosis, tobacco smoking and toxic exposure to biomass smoke

Aims & objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical spectrum of the patients presenting with bronchiectasis at the referral clinic for the respiratory diseases in eastern Nepal. An attempt would also be made to provide an overview of factors responsible for poor lung health in the community Materials & methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at the Adult chest clinic of the department of internal medicine at the B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan Nepal. The medical records of all the consecutive patients presenting with the diagnosis of bronchiectasis in the adult chest clinic of department of medicine from January 2003 to December 2004 (two years) were reviewed for patient characteristics (age, gender, place of residence, occupation, smoking history, exposure to indoor air pollution due to use of biomass smoke, past and family history related to tuberculosis, and clinical characteristics such as clinical features and duration of symptoms Results: During the study period of two years, 100 patients presented with the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, 80 (80%) patients were smokers and 50 (50%) patients had history of significant exposure to indoor air pollution. .Abnormal Chest X-ray was seen in 85(85%) patients. Post tubercular bronchiectasis was the most common etiological diagnosis Smoking status and exposure to indoor air pollution were important determinant for hospitalisation in patients with post tubercular bronchiectasis Conclusions: In Nepal bronchiectasis remains one of the important chronic respiratory diseases, post tubercular variety being the commonest type .Tuberculosis, tobacco smoking and exposure to indoor air pollution contributes towards higher morbidity of this diseases. Key words: Bronchieactasis, Indoor air pollution, Lung health, Tobacco smoking, Tuberculosis.