A fluid level in an acute extradural haematoma

We report a fluid level in an acute extradural haematoma developing after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. This fluid level was thought to be due to a mixture of blood and cerebrospinal fluid.     

Serum fructosamine correlates with gingival index in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Abstract Fructosamine assay, which is used in diagnosing and monitoring diabetic patients, is compared with the hemoglobin and plasma glucose assays in children and adolescent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. We demonstrated that the gingival index scores were correlated with fructosamine values in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients but not in non-diabetic controls. We also found that there was no correlation between gingivitis scores and fasting plasma glucose and HbAlc values. Periodontitis was found to be rare in diabetic children and adolescents.     

钬激光治疗表浅膀胱癌的疗效

目的 观察钬激光治疗表浅膀胱癌的疗效。方法 对49例表浅膀胱癌患者采用钬激光治疗，并在术后灌注羟基喜树碱，观察其疗效。结果 术中无明显出血，无明显的闭孔神经反射，无膀胱穿孔发生。随访18～74个月，疗效满意。结论 钬激光治疗表浅膀胱癌是一种简便、有效的方法。     

Immunophenotypic analysis of human spleen compartments.

Microanatomical compartments of the human spleen are yet under evaluation as most of the present information comes from experiments on animals with different anatomical structures. Immune staining of stromal and blood-born cells by cell surface antigens facilitates the differentiation of functional microanatomical compartmentalization of immune organs, including the spleen. Twenty-two specimens from healthy adult subjects with the average age of 35.6 +/- 13.8 (Range 17 to 58) years were included in this study. Monoclonal antibodies used in this study were supplied from the 5th, 6th and 7th International Workshops and Conferences on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. Tetraspan antigens presented a rather unique staining pattern in the human spleen, suggesting special roles for each (CD9, CD53, CD63, CD151 and CD231) in certain locations. Sinus lining cells presented a distinctive antigenic profile, sharing both endothelial cell (CD31, CD36, CD54, CD62P, CD102, CD105, CD106 and CD146) and macrophage lineage characteristics. The sheathed capillaries were not restricted to the perifollicular zone alone. Extracellular matrix receptors (CD49 a, CD49 b, CD49 c, CD49 e, CD49f, CD29 and CD44) stained the penicillary arterioles and vascular smooth muscle. These molecules were also found on the vascular endothelium. Leukocyte antigens (CD11a, CD11b, CD22, CD43, CD45, CD45RB, CD45RO and CD50) were mainly expressed in the white and red pulp of the spleen at different intensities, excluding the penicillary arterioles. Activation antigens (CD26, CD71 and CD98) presented a diffuse and broad staining pattern. In conclusion, microanatomical compartmentalization, microcirculation and function of the human spleen were evaluated using a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies.     

Audiovestibular disturbance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the audiovestibular disturbance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-eight patients with SLE and 28 healthy control subjects were included. Pure-tone audiometry, impedance audiometry, and electronystagmography (ENG) were used for baseline evaluation. Laboratory tests were carried out. Cranial and brain stem magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) were undertaken. RESULTS: Nineteen (67%) patients reported audiovestibular symptoms. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in 6 (21%) patients. Abnormal results on ENG were significantly higher (50%) (P < 0.01). Abnormal laboratory data were available from 26 patients (P < 0.05). MRI did not show any pathosis. CONCLUSION: The audiovestibular disturbances in SLE are more prevalent than previously recognized. Although no cause and effect relationship can be established by this type of study, it appears that a relationship exists. SIGNIFICANCE: Audiologic research should be directed toward routine, pure tone audiometry, and ENG assessment for patients with SLE to enable crucial treatment.     

Incidence of the retroaortic left renal vein in patients with varicocele.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of the retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) in patients with varicocele. METHODS: The left renal vein was ultrasonographically investigated for the presence of the RLRV in 140 patients with varicocele and a control group of 137 age-matched patients. The main diagnostic criteria for varicocele were the presence of a varicose vein with a diameter of 3 mm or larger at rest and with a reflux lasting more than 2 seconds during the Valsalva maneuver. The RLRV was defined as a posterior course of the left renal vein to the aorta at the level of the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. RESULTS: The RLRV was observed in 13 (9.3%) of the 140 patients with varicocele and 3 (2.2%) of the control patients. The incidence of the RLRV was found to be significantly higher in patients with varicocele compared with the control patients (P = .018, Fisher exact test). In 13 patients with the RLRV, left varicocele and bilateral varicocele were detected in 10 and 3 cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the incidence of the RLRV was found to be significantly higher in patients with varicocele compared with control patients. Thus, we suggest that the presence of the RLRV may be considered one of the etiologic factors in the development of varicocele.     

Immediate ultrastructural effects of endothelin-1 on rabbit basilar artery

Summary In this study intra-arterial Endothelin-1 was applied to rabbit basilar arteries and morphological findings were compared between two groups who were either perfusion fixed or immersion fixed. We planned to establish the quantitative dimension of the drug-induced morphological alterations, independent of the fixation technique's effect.There was an abundance of collagenous fibres deposited among the smooth muscle cells which was not observed in control arteries and after immersion fixation. These degenerative changes are similar to the finding following subarachnoid haemorrhage. The only fixation-related difference was the fact that lamina elastica interna was not corrugated in the perfusion fixation group.It is concluded that, the observed changes in the connective tissue of the arterial wall alter the passive elastic properties and so affect the degree of the response to the vasoactive messengers.     

The modification of the new type of end-to-side anastomosis between carotid arteries in rats: A technical and Scanning Electron Microscopic study

Summary Modification of a type of end-to-side anastomosis that has been described before is studied. The recipient artery is occluded for only 3–4 minutes to complete the anastomosis by using only the running suture. The anastomotic site was studied by inspection and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at different times after the operation on 30 rats.     

K562细胞转染HLA-B分子对NK细胞杀伤功能的影响

为了研究不同HLA B分子对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响 ,我们分别构建pcDNA3 HLA B 390 5 2、B 2 70 4、B 5 1 0 2 2基因真核表达载体 ;借助脂质体将各质粒转染入K5 6 2细胞 ,经G4 1 8筛选 ,分别获得阳性表达细胞株 ;并应用LDH法检测转染细胞对不同个体外周血NK细胞杀伤活性的抑制效应。结果显示 :与转染了空质粒的对照组相比 ,外周血NK细胞对K5 6 2 B39的杀伤率无明显影响 ,而对K5 6 2 B2 7,K5 6 2 B5 1的杀伤率降低。当使用针对NK细胞受体KIR3DL1的单抗DX9封闭NK细胞后 ,此抑制效应大部分消失。提示靶细胞表达HLA Bw4分子可明显抑制NK细胞的杀伤效应 ,而表达HLA Bw6分子对NK细胞杀伤功能无明显影响