Global fibrinolytic capacity in children on dialysis

Disturbances of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been reported in patients with chronic uremia. Studies of different coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in regularly dialyzed patients have yielded conflicting results. Global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) examines the function of the entire fibrinolytic system. This assay is a sensitive and reliable method for evaluating the fibrinolytic function of plasma in vitro. In this study, GFC was used as a screening test to investigate the effects of two different dialysis modalities on the fibrinolytic system on children on long-term dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 12 children (age range, 11-20 years; mean age, 15.9+/-3.3 years) who were undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) and 12 children (age range, 10-15 years; mean age, 13.1+/-1.7 years) who were undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Thirteen healthy age- and sex-matched subjects served as controls. Each sample was investigated for complete blood count and serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum electrolytes, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fibrinogen, total protein and albumin. A GFC assay was also done in each case. RESULTS: The mean GFC in the CAPD group was lower than that in the HD and control groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean GFC values of HD patients and controls. The mean serum albumin level was lower in CAPD patients than in HD patients (p<0.05), and there was also a positive correlation between serum albumin level and GFC in patient groups(r=0.52, p<0.05). Global fibrinolytic capacity was positively correlated with hemoglobin level and negatively correlated with weekly erythropoietin dose per kg body weight (r=0.56 and r=-0.49, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that CAPD patients have decreased fibrinolytic capacity compared to HD patients. Hypoalbuminemia and erythropoietin treatment may contribute to suppression of fibrinolytic function CAPD patients.     

Report of the National Institutes of Health workshop on overcoming barriers to treatment research in anorexia nervosa

OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with serious medical morbidity and has the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Workshop on Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Research in Anorexia Nervosa convened on September 26-27, 2002 to address the dearth of treatment research in this area. The goals of this workshop were to discuss the stages of illness and illness severity, pharmacologic interventions, psychological interventions, and methodologic considerations. METHOD: The program consisted of a series of brief presentations by moderators, each followed by a discussion of the topic by workshop participants, facilitated by the session chair. RESULTS: This report summarizes the major discussions of these sessions and concludes with a set of recommendations related to the development of treatment research in AN based on these findings. DISCUSSION: It is crucial that treatment research in this area be prioritized.     

Private high school students are at risk for bulimic pathology

The objective of this study was to assess whether private high school students constitute a group that is at high risk for eating pathology. Female and male public and private high school students ( N = 465) were compared on self-reported eating disordered attitudes and behaviors. Private high school students reported elevated eating disordered attitudes and behaviors when compared with students from public schools. The results were somewhat stronger for females than males. The findings suggest that private high school students are a group at high risk for eating pathology. The identification of such high risk groups may facilitate etiologic stqudies and aid in the implementation of targeted prevention programs.     

半夏泻心汤及其拆方对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎小鼠血清炎性相关因子的影响

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤治疗幽门螺杆菌感染所致胃黏膜炎症的内在机制。方法:用幽门螺杆菌菌液给小鼠灌胃造模,然后随机分成10组,分别给予相应的药物治疗。观察各组小鼠胃黏膜的形态学改变及血清中NO和IL-8含量的变化。结果:模型组小鼠血清中NO、IL-8水平较空白组显著升高(P<0·01),各治疗组NO、IL-8水平均有不同程度的降低,其中以半夏泻心汤组、苦寒组、半夏加苦寒组、苦寒加甘温组降低最为显著,与模型组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0·01)。结论:半夏泻心汤通过降低血清中NO、IL-8的含量而减轻胃黏膜的炎症反应,从而发挥其对胃黏膜的保护作用。     

湖南省岳阳市癫痫流行病学调查

目的了解湖南岳阳癫痫患病率及治疗缺口,为开展防治工作提供依据。方法采用多级整群随机抽样方法确定调查人群,运用WHO建议的癫痫流行病学专项调查问卷,采用国际统一的癫痫诊断标准,由经过统一培训的调查员入户调查,调查确诊或可疑为癫痫者均经神经科医师再次访查确诊。结果共调查32059人,确诊癫痫患者143例,癫痫患病率为4.5‰。男性患病率高于女性(P<0.05)。年龄组患病率分布存在20岁年龄组(8.4‰)和60岁年龄组(5.4‰)两个高峰。农村患病率明显高于城市(P<0.05)。继发全面性强直-阵挛发作占大多数(63.4%)。活动性癫痫的治疗缺口93.4%。结论湖南岳阳癫痫患病率农村地区较高、城市较低,患者中约有90%以上没有得到正确的治疗,应尽快制定合理的干预对策。     

精索静脉曲张程度对性激素和精液参数的影响

目的:探讨临床型、亚临床型精索静脉曲张不育症患者性激素水平的变化以及对精液参数的影响。方法:选择临床型精索静脉曲张不育症患者(A组)、亚临床型精索静脉曲张不育症患者(B组)、正常生育者(C组)各30例,采用酶联免疫定量测定法(ELISA)测定其外周血性激素水平,用计算机辅助精液分析仪测定精子密度、活动精子、前向运动精子、快速前向运动精子以及畸形精子百分率。结果:①A组与C组比较,FSH、LH明显升高,而T明显下降(P<0.05),B组与C组,以及A组与B组之间FSH、LH、T差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②A组与B组与C组比较,精子密度、活动精子、前向运动精子、快速前向运动精子百分率均有明显下降,畸形精子百分率升高(P<0.05),同时A组与B组比较,差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:精索静脉曲张程度越重,其对外周血性激素水平及精液参数影响越大。早期发现亚临床型精索静脉曲张对治疗男性不育症有指导意义。     

地佐辛用于儿童术后镇痛有效性和安全性的随机对照试验

背景：新型阿片受体激动 拮抗剂地佐辛用于儿童术后镇痛的研究报道甚少,且没有公认的儿童用药参考剂量。 目的：探讨地佐辛应用于儿童术后镇痛的有效性和安全性,为其用于儿童术后镇痛提供合适的参考剂量。 设计单中心RCT。 方法：纳入在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院行先天性心脏病（CHD）手术后直接转入PICU的患儿,手术时年龄>28 d,术前美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。按随机数字表法生成随机分组方案,装入密闭信封保存;由当班的PICU医生负责入组,由管床护士执行干预。随机分为5组,试验组患儿在术后持续静脉泵入低剂量（D1组）、中剂量（D2组）或高剂量（D3组）地佐辛,对照组泵入舒芬太尼（SF组）或吗啡（M组）,观察术后疼痛评分和镇静评分。未对结局指标观察人员和数据分析人员施盲。共同干预措施：入PICU后使用有创呼吸机辅助通气,予对症处理和咪达唑仑镇静。D1、D2、D3组分别予地佐辛20、30、40 μg·kg-1·h-1,SF组予舒芬太尼0.08 μg·kg-1·h-1,M组予吗啡20 μg·kg-1·h-1,均为静脉泵注。疼痛评分包括脸谱疼痛评分法（FPS）和CRIES评分法,镇静评分包括Ramsay评分法和舒适行为量表（Comfort B评分）,均由PICU专科护士完成。 主要结局指标:术后1 h、4 h、8 h、12 h和24 h的镇痛/镇静满意度百分比。 结果:共152例CHD患儿入组,D1、D2、D3、SF和M组分别为30、30、31、31和30例,均完成设计的干预和观察。5组患儿年龄、体重、性别、体外循环时间、危重症评分（PCIS）和术前ASA分级差异均无统计学意义。①FPS评分：D2组术后24 h,D3组术后4 h、24 h镇痛满意度高于M组;CRIES评分：D1、D2组术后1 h、4 h,D3组术后4 h、24 h镇痛满意度高于M组;Ramsay评分： D2、D3组术后1 h、4 h镇静满意度高于M组;Comfort B评分： D1组术后4 h、12 h,D2组术后1 h、4 h,D3组术后1 h、4 h、12 h镇静满意度高于M组;差异均有统计学意义。4种评分D组和SF组的镇痛/镇静满意度差异均无统计学意义。②5组术后各时间点生命体征及相关指标差异均无统计学意义;D1、D2组追加镇静/镇痛药物的比例低于M组和SF组,差异均有统计学意义。M组观察到2例低血压及1例呼吸抑制。 结论:地佐辛应用于儿童CHD术后的镇痛效果优于吗啡,与舒芬太尼效果相当,且不良反应少。     

HPLC法测定硝矾洗剂中大黄总蒽醌的含量

目的 建立硝矾洗剂中大黄总蒽醌的含量测定方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：0.1%磷酸-甲醇（15：85）,柱温：30 ℃,检测波长：254 nm。结果 芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚的线性关系良好,样品平均回收率为99.45%,RSD为1.68%。结论 所建方法简便、快速、准确,适用于硝矾洗剂的质量控制。     

基于药品储存要求探讨口服单剂量药品拆零规范化管理

目的 通过对云南省昆明市延安医院口服药品储存条件及影响因素的分析,为单剂量药品拆零规范化管理提供参考,保证药品质量及用药安全。方法 依据笔者所在医院317种口服西药说明书中贮藏项下规定及拆零药品储存现状,分析药品储存的规范性。结果 317种药品储存40.69%对温度有要求,51.42%对光线有要求,86.75%对封闭性有要求,全自动单剂量摆药拆零药品158种。结论 笔者所在医院药品拆零工作存在不规范现象,建议进一步健全药品拆零工作规范,保障药品质量及患者用药安全。     

de Winter综合征一例

de Winter综合征的出现多提示危重心血管疾病发生的可能,如不及时干预可导致严重不良心血管事件,但因其罕见且心电图表现不明显,易被忽视。本文报告1例心电图呈de Winter改变的青年男性患者,因突发胸痛就诊,冠状动脉造影示左前降支（LAD）近端完全闭塞,因及时行冠状动脉造影及支架植入术,预后良好。故笔者认为提高广大医务工作者对此类特殊心电图的识别能力,对改善此类患者的预后极为必要。