全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4615篇 |
免费 | 187篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 106篇 |
儿科学 | 195篇 |
妇产科学 | 212篇 |
基础医学 | 702篇 |
口腔科学 | 46篇 |
临床医学 | 291篇 |
内科学 | 1012篇 |
皮肤病学 | 73篇 |
神经病学 | 417篇 |
特种医学 | 78篇 |
外科学 | 242篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
预防医学 | 391篇 |
眼科学 | 122篇 |
药学 | 601篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 288篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 210篇 |
2021年 | 310篇 |
2020年 | 106篇 |
2019年 | 136篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 137篇 |
2016年 | 156篇 |
2015年 | 162篇 |
2014年 | 209篇 |
2013年 | 295篇 |
2012年 | 378篇 |
2011年 | 390篇 |
2010年 | 204篇 |
2009年 | 155篇 |
2008年 | 237篇 |
2007年 | 314篇 |
2006年 | 286篇 |
2005年 | 260篇 |
2004年 | 191篇 |
2003年 | 189篇 |
2002年 | 147篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有4815条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Agnieszka Szypowska Lidia Groele Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz Artur Mazur Lucyna Lisowicz Iwona Ben-Skowronek Joanna Sieniawska Bożenna Klonowska Dorota Charemska Jolanta Nawrotek Irena Jałowiec Artur Bossowski Klaudyna Noiszewska Beata Pyrżak Izabela Rogozińska Mieczysław Szalecki 《Journal of diabetes and its complications》2018,32(6):570-574
Aims
The level of C-peptide can identify individuals most likely to respond to immune interventions carried out to prevent pancreatic β-cell damage.The aim of the study was to evaluate factors associated with C-peptide levels at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis.Methods
This study included 1098 children aged 2-17 with newly recognized T1D. Data were collected from seven Polish hospitals. The following variables were analyzed: date of birth, fasting C-peptide, HbA1c, sex, weight, height, pH at diabetes onset.Results
A correlation was observed between fasting C-peptide level and BMI-SDS (p?=?0.0001), age (p?=?0.0001), and HbA1c (p?=?0.0001). The logistic regression model revealed that fasting C-peptide ≥0.7 ng/ml at diabetes diagnosis was dependent on weight, HbA1c, pH and sex (p?<?0.0001).Overweight and obese children (n?=?124) had higher fasting C-peptide (p?=?0.0001) and lower HbA1c (p?=?0.0008) levels than other subjects. Girls had higher fasting C-peptide (p?=?0.036) and higher HbA1c (p?=?0.026) levels than boys.Conclusion
Obese and overweight children are diagnosed with diabetes at an early stage with largely preserved C-peptide levels. Increased awareness of T1D symptoms as well as improved screening and diagnostic tools are important to preserve C-peptide levels. There are noticeable gender differences in the course of diabetes already at T1D diagnosis. 相似文献82.
Sandeep K. Mallipattu Sylvia J. Horne Vivette D’Agati Goutham Narla Ruijie Liu Michael A. Frohman Kathleen Dickman Edward Y. Chen Avi Ma’ayan Agnieszka B. Bialkowska Amr M. Ghaleb Mandayam O. Nandan Mukesh K. Jain Ilse Daehn Peter Y. Chuang Vincent W. Yang John C. He 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2015,125(3):1347-1361
83.
Jamese J. Hilliard Vivekananda Datta Christine Tkaczyk Melissa Hamilton Agnieszka Sadowska Omari Jones-Nelson Terrence O'Day William J. Weiss Szabolcs Szarka Vien Nguyen Laszlo Prokai JoAnn Suzich C. Kendall Stover Bret R. Sellman 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2015,59(1):299-309
Alpha-toxin (AT) is a major virulence determinant in Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection models. We previously demonstrated that prophylactic administration of 2A3, an AT-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb), prevents S. aureus disease in a mouse dermonecrosis model by neutralizing AT-mediated tissue necrosis and immune evasion. In the present study, MEDI4893*, an affinity-optimized version of 2A3, was characterized for therapeutic activity in the dermonecrosis model as a single agent and in combination with two frontline antibiotics, vancomycin and linezolid. MEDI4893* postinfection therapy was found to exhibit a therapeutic treatment window similar to that for linezolid but longer than that for vancomycin. Additionally, when combined with either vancomycin or linezolid, MEDI4893* resulted in reduced tissue damage, increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and abscess formation, and accelerated healing relative to those with the antibiotic monotherapies. These data suggest that AT neutralization with a potent MAb holds promise for both prophylaxis and adjunctive therapy with antibiotics and may be a valuable addition to currently available options for the treatment of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections. 相似文献
84.
Jacek Polechoński W?adys?aw Mynarski Agnieszka Nawrocka 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(11):3525-3527
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of pedometry and
accelerometry in the measurement of the energy expenditures in Nordic walking and
conventional walking as diagnostic parameters. [Subjects and Methods] The study included
20 female students (age, 24 ± 2.3 years). The study used three types of measuring devices,
namely a heart rate monitor (Polar S610i), a Caltrac accelerometer, and a pedometer (Yamax
SW-800). The walking pace at the level of 110 steps/min was determined by using a
metronome. [Results] The students who walked with poles covered a distance of 1,000 m at a
speed 36.3 sec faster and with 65.5 fewer steps than in conventional walking. Correlation
analysis revealed a moderate interrelationship between the results obtained with a
pedometer and those obtained with an accelerometer during Nordic walking
(r = 0.55) and a high correlation during conventional walking
(r = 0.85). [Conclusion] A pedometer and Caltrac accelerometer should
not be used as alternative measurement instruments in the comparison of energy expenditure
in Nordic walking.Key words: Nordic walking, Accelerometer, Energy expenditure 相似文献
85.
86.
Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka Siegel Sonja Unger Nicole Streetz-van der Werf Christine Karges Wolfram Schilbach Katharina Schröder Bernadette Szybowicz Janine Sauerwald Janina Zopf Kathrin Grzywotz Agnieszka Bidlingmaier Martin Sommer Heide Strasburger Christian J. 《Pituitary》2020,23(5):479-487
Pituitary - While reasons for non-adherence in children requiring growth hormone (GH) replacement (GH-Rx) are well researched, few studies have investigated adherence in adult GH deficient... 相似文献
87.
This article presents experimental results from the bending of technical-scale models of beams reinforced in the tension zone with CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers) materials, with a focus on the benefits resulting from the increased ductility in the tension zone of these beams. In experimental tests, the mechanical properties of reinforced beams were compared with unreinforced beams in terms of the maximum load, deflection, images of damage, stiffness, and distribution of deformation. The results showed that the proposed reinforcement solution was advantageous due to its strength and stiffness, and the safety of the structure. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the reinforcement of wood with CFRP materials has a positive effect on the behavior and safety of structures. Also, a method of analytical checking of strengthened beams with small cross-sections was presented in the article. 相似文献
88.
Antitumor Effects of Recombinant Antivascular Protein ABRaA-VEGF121 Combined with IL-12 Gene Therapy
Agnieszka Ciomber Andrzej Smagur Iwona Mitrus Tomasz Cichoń Ryszard Smolarczyk Aleksander Sochanik Stanisław Szala Magdalena Jarosz 《Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis》2014,62(2):161-168
Development and neoplastic progression strongly rely on tumor microenvironment cells. Various kinds of cells that form such tumor milieu play substantial roles in angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Attempts to inhibit tumor vascularization alter tumor milieu and enhance immune response against the tumor. Anticancer therapeutic strategy bringing together antiangiogenic and immunostimulating agents has emerged as a promising approach. We here investigated whether therapy directed against preexisting vessels, combined with an immunomodulatory factor would be equally effective in arresting tumor growth. To this goal, we investigated the effectiveness of ABRaA-vascular endothelial growth factor isoform 121 (VEGF121), an antivascular drug constructed by us. It is a fusion protein composed of VEGF121, and abrin A chain (translation-inhibiting toxin). We used it in combination with interleukin (IL-12) gene therapy and tried to inhibit B16-F10 melanoma tumor growth. ABRaA-VEGF121 is a chimeric recombinant protein capable of destroying tumor vasculature and triggering necrosis in the vicinity of damaged vessels. IL-12 cytokine, in turn, activates both specific and non-specific immune responses. Our results demonstrate that combination of ABRaA-VEGF121 antivascular agent with immunostimulatory cytokine IL-12 indeed inhibits tumor growth more effectively than either agent alone, leading to complete cure of ca. 20 % mice. Post-therapeutic analysis of tumors excised from mice treated with combination therapy showed decreased numbers of blood microvessels in the tumor microenvironment, lowered numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes, as well as showed higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ as compared to control mice. It seems that bringing together antivascular strategy and the action of immunostimulating agents indeed inhibits growth of tumors. 相似文献
89.
Agnieszka Nielepkowicz-Goździńska Wojciech Fendler Ewa Robak Lilianna Kulczycka-Siennicka Paweł Górski Tadeusz Pietras Ewa Brzeziańska Adam Antczak 《Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis》2014,62(3):231-238
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with the disease activity score and pulmonary function of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without pulmonary fibrosis. Thirty-four SLE patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled and evaluated using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function tests, systemic lupus activity measure (SLAM), assessing BALF and EBC. IL-8 levels in BALF and EBC samples were measured with an enzyme-immunosorbent assay kit. The mean (±SEM) IL-8 concentrations in BALF and EBC were higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (34.84 ± 95.0 vs. 7.65 ± 21.22 pg/ml, p < 0.001; 3.82 ± 0.52 pg/m vs. 1.7 ± 1.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). SLE patients had increased percentage of neutrophils in BALF when compared with control group (1.00 ± 5.99 vs. 0.00 ± 0.56 %, p = 0.0003). Pulmonary fibrosis in HRCT was found in 50 % of SLE patients. The disease activity scored by SLAM was significantly higher and total lung capacity was significantly lower in SLE patients with pulmonary fibrosis (8.00 ± 3.17 vs. 6.00 ± 2.31, p = 0.01; 88.00 ± 28.29 vs. 112.00 ± 21.08 % predicted, p = 0.01, respectively). In SLE patients with pulmonary fibrosis, correlations were found between SLAM and IL-8 concentration in BALF, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (r = 0.65, p = 0.006; r = ?0.53, p = 0.035; r = ?0.67, p = 0.006, respectively). Our results indicate that IL-8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. An increased concentration of IL-8 according to BALF could be considered as a useful biomarker of SLE activity and pulmonary fibrosis in SLE. 相似文献
90.
Lack of microbiota reduces innate responses and enhances adaptive immunity against Listeria monocytogenes infection 下载免费PDF全文
Hans‐Willi Mittrücker Daniel Seidel Paul W. Bland Agnieszka Zarzycka Stefan H. E. Kaufmann Alexander Visekruna Ulrich Steinhoff 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(6):1710-1715
The intestinal microbiota influences not only metabolic processes, but also the mucosal and systemic immune systems. Here, we compare innate and adaptive immune responses against the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in germfree (GF) and conventional mice. We show that animals without endogenous microbiota are highly susceptible to primary infection with impaired activation and accumulation of phagocytes to the site of infection. Unexpectedly, secondary infection with otherwise lethal dose resulted in survival of all GF animals which cleared bacteria more rapidly and developed a stronger antilisterial CD8+ memory T‐cell response compared to conventional mice. In summary, lack of the intestinal microbiota impairs early innate immunity, but enhances activation and expansion of memory T cells. 相似文献