全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1430篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 32篇 |
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 18篇 |
基础医学 | 98篇 |
口腔科学 | 21篇 |
临床医学 | 105篇 |
内科学 | 323篇 |
皮肤病学 | 19篇 |
神经病学 | 80篇 |
特种医学 | 126篇 |
外科学 | 412篇 |
综合类 | 35篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 45篇 |
眼科学 | 37篇 |
药学 | 50篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 71篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 72篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 90篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 122篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 89篇 |
2007年 | 120篇 |
2006年 | 88篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 58篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1509条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
41.
Benoit Combs Laureline Monteau Elise Bannier Virginie Callot Pierre Labauge Xavier Ayrignac Clarisse Carra Dallire Jean Pelletier Adil Maarouf Jerome de Seze Nicolas Collongues Christian Barillot Gilles Edan Jean Christophe Ferr Anne Kerbrat 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2019,49(6):1777-1785
42.
Arozullah AM Yarnold PR Bennett CL Soltysik RC Wolf MS Ferreira RM Lee SY Costello S Shakir A Denwood C Bryant FB Davis T 《Medical care》2007,45(11):1026-1033
BACKGROUND: Although prior studies used the 66-item Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM instrument) for literacy assessment, researchers may require a shorter, validated instrument when designing interventions for clinical contexts. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a very brief literacy assessment tool, the REALM-Short Form (REALM-SF). PATIENTS: The model development, validation, and field testing validation samples included 1336, 164, and 50 patients, respectively. SETTING: General medicine and subspecialty clinics and medicine inpatient wards. DESIGN: For development and validation samples, indicator variables for REALM instrument items were evaluated as potential predictors of REALM instrument score by stepwise multiple regression analysis with subsequent bootstrap and confirmatory factor analysis of selected items. Pearson correlations compared REALM-SF and REALM instrument scores and kappa analyses compared grade level assignments. For the field testing validation sample, Pearson correlations compared Wide Range Achievement Test and REALM-SF scores. RESULTS: The REALM-SF included 7 items with stable model coefficients and 1 underlying linear factor. REALM-SF and REALM instrument scores were highly correlated in development (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) and validation (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) samples. There was excellent agreement between REALM-SF and REALM instrument grade-level assignments when dichotomized at the 6th grade (development: 97% agreement, K = 0.88, P < 0.001; validation: 88% agreement, K = 0.75, P < 0.001) and 8th grade levels (development: 94% agreement, K = 0.78, P < 0.001; validation: 84% agreement, K = 0.67, P < 0.001). REALM-SF and Wide Range Achievement Test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.83, P < 0.001) in field testing validation. CONCLUSIONS: The REALM-SF provides researchers a brief, validated instrument for assessing patient literacy in diverse research settings. 相似文献
43.
PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the curing effect of a very high intensity light-emitting diode (LED) unit and a conventional LED unit (including "soft-start" modes) on the microleakage of a pit and fissure sealant. METHODS: 120 intact caries-free human molars were randomly divided into six groups (n=20), sealed with Fissurit-F and polymerized using either a conventional halogen unit (Optilux) (Control group) in standard mode (40 seconds @ 600 mW/cm2); a very high intensity LED unit (Mini LED) in fast (10 seconds @ 1,100 mW/cm2) or soft-start mode (pulse mode: ten 1-second flashes @ 1,100 mW/cm2; exponential mode: exponential increase from 0 to 1,100 mW/cm2 within 10 seconds followed by 10 seconds @1,100 mW/cm2); or a conventional LED unit (Elipar Freelight) in standard (40 seconds @ 400 mW/cm2) or exponential mode (exponential increase from 0 to 400mW/cm2 within 12 seconds followed by 28 seconds @ 400 mW/cm2). Restored specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Specimens were then immersed in a 0.5% fuchsin dye solution for 24 hours, with half of the specimens from each group subjected to thermocycling (5/55 degrees C; x 1000) prior to dye immersion. After removal from the dye solution, specimens were sectioned and the degree of dye penetration scored. Data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Mann-Whitney U-test (P< 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage of pit and fissure sealant polymerized using various curing techniques. Thermocycling regimens had no effect on either LED- or halogen-cured specimens. 相似文献
44.
Brzuszek Aleksandra Hazara Adil M. Bhandari Sunil 《International urology and nephrology》2022,54(10):2599-2607
International Urology and Nephrology - There is limited understanding of aetiological factors of and treatment options for restless leg syndrome (RLS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).... 相似文献
45.
Acar Baver Kose Ozkan Unal Melih Turan Adil Kati Yusuf Alper Guler Ferhat 《European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie》2020,30(1):163-173
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - This retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent biplane chevron medial... 相似文献
46.
47.
48.
Strain-specific differences in mouse hepatic wound healing are mediated by divergent T helper cytokine responses 下载免费PDF全文
Zengdun Shi Adil E. Wakil Don C. Rockey 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1997,94(20):10663-10668
Hepatic fibrosis represents the generalized response of the liver to injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. The cellular basis of this process is complex and involves interplay of many factors, of which cytokines are prominent. We have identified divergent fibrosing responses to injury among mouse strains and taken advantage of these differences to examine and contrast T helper (Th)-derived cytokines during fibrogenesis. Liver injury was induced with carbon tetrachloride, fibrosis was quantitated, and Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNAs measured. Liver injury in BALB/c mice resulted in severe fibrosis, whereas C57BL/6 mice developed comparatively minimal fibrosis. Fibrogenesis was significantly modified in T and B cell-deficient BALB/c and C57BL/6 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice compared with wild-type counterparts, suggesting a role of Th subsets. Fibrogenic BALB/c mice exhibited a Th2 response during the wounding response, whereas C57BL/6 mice displayed a Th1 response, suggesting that hepatic fibrosis is influenced by different T helper subsets. Moreover, mice lacking interferon γ, which default to the Th2 cytokine pathway, exhibited more pronounced fibrotic lesions than did wild-type animals. Finally, shifting of the Th2 response toward a Th1 response by treatment with neutralizing anti-interleukin 4 or with interferon γ itself ameliorated fibrosis in BALB/c mice. These data support a role for immune modulation of hepatic fibrosis and suggest that Th cytokine subsets can modulate the fibrotic response to injury. 相似文献
49.
Louis-Philippe Laurin Adil M. Gasim Caroline J. Poulton Susan L. Hogan J. Charles Jennette Ronald J. Falk Bethany J. Foster Patrick H. Nachman 《Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology》2016,11(3):386-394
Background and objectives
In primary FSGS, calcineurin inhibitors have primarily been studied in patients deemed resistant to glucocorticoid therapy. Few data are available about their use early in the treatment of FSGS. We sought to estimate the association between choice of therapy and ESRD in primary FSGS.Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used an inception cohort of patients diagnosed with primary FSGS by kidney biopsy between 1980 and 2012. Factors associated with initiation of therapy were identified using logistic regression. Time–dependent Cox models were performed to compare time to ESRD between different therapies.Results
In total, 458 patients were studied (173 treated with glucocorticoids alone, 90 treated with calcineurin inhibitors with or without glucocorticoids, 12 treated with other agents, and 183 not treated with immunosuppressives). Tip lesion variant, absence of severe renal dysfunction (eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and hypoalbuminemia were associated with a higher likelihood of exposure to any immunosuppressive therapy. Only tip lesion was associated with initiation of glucocorticoids alone over calcineurin inhibitors. With adjusted Cox regression, immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids and/or calcineurin inhibitors was associated with better renal survival than no immunosuppression (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.86). Calcineurin inhibitors with or without glucocorticoids were not significantly associated with a lower likelihood of ESRD compared with glucocorticoids alone (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.15 to 1.18).Conclusions
The use of immunosuppressive therapy with calcineurin inhibitors and/or glucocorticoids as part of the early immunosuppressive regimen in primary FSGS was associated with improved renal outcome, but the superiority of calcineurin inhibitors over glucocorticoids alone remained unproven. 相似文献50.
Mariko L. Bennett F. Chris Bennett Shane A. Liddelow Bahareh Ajami Jennifer L. Zamanian Nathaniel B. Fernhoff Sara B. Mulinyawe Christopher J. Bohlen Aykezar Adil Andrew Tucker Irving L. Weissman Edward F. Chang Gordon Li Gerald A. Grant Melanie G. Hayden Gephart Ben A. Barres 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2016,113(12):E1738-E1746