维吾尔医药学专著《阿日普验方》

《阿日普验方》为《木接热巴提阿日普》（Mujarribati Arip）的意译名，是由维吾尔医学家毛拉阿日普忽炭尼（Molla Arip Hotani），约于1620年以波斯文撰写的一部维吾尔医药学专著，现有2部察合台维吾尔文抄本，分别藏于新疆维吾尔医学专科学校和一位维吾尔医师家中。该书介绍维吾尔医学四大物质论、气质论、体液论、诊断知识、治疗法（食疗、药疗）及一些常用草药、成药，是一部具有经典著作地位和重要影响的维吾尔医药学专著，应当整理、出版，以广传播。     

不同碘营养水平对育龄妇女甲状腺功能的影响

Objective To study the effects of different level of iodine nutrition on the thyroid function in women of reproductive age. Methods A total of 100 (50 from each) women of reproductive age but not pregnant were collected from iodine deficient and adequate areas. The questionnaire was obtained individually with items concerning personal history of thyroid diseases, goiters and category of edible salt and drinking water based on the project design. The household salt and drinking water were collected for measuring iodine content, and blood samples were obtained for TSH, FT4 and FT3 testing. Results The coverage of iodized salt and the median level of urinary iodine in iodine deficient women(72.0% and 95.5 μg/L) were obviously lower than that in iodine sufficient women(100.0% and 167.4 μg/L, χ2=16.28, U = 632.00, P < 0.01). Median level of serum TSH in iodine deficient women (2.56 m U/L) appeared in an increasing tendency compared to the iodine sufficient women (1.88 mU/L), but there was no significance (U=990.50, P > 0.05). Serum FT4 mean level in iodine deficient women [(14.7±2.0) pmol/L]was lower than that in iodine sufficient women[(17.0±3.8)pmoI/L, t=3.76, P<0.01]. There was no difference in serum FT3 between two group women[(5.1±1.4), (4.8±0.5)pmoI/L, t = 1.59, P > 0.05]; but FT3/FT4 ratio in iodine deficient women(0.33±0.04) was markedly higher than that in the iodine sufficient women(0.30±0.04, t=3.13, P<0.01). The percentage of thyroid dysfunction in iodine deficient women[20.0% (10/50)]was higher compared with the iodine sufficient women[8.0%(4/50)], but without significance(χ2=2.99, P>0.05). Conclusions Iodine deficiency is a primary cause leading to hypothyroid in women of reproductive age. Long term of iodized salt usage is an efficient way to correct iodine deficiency.     

哈萨克斯坦鼠疫爆发的预测阈值

在哈萨克斯坦和中亚其他地方，自然界大沙鼠间流行的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌是黑死病的来源。现分析1955—1996年间搜集的野外监测数据，显示出鼠疫的侵袭、消退和再侵袭与宿主动物一大沙鼠数量的消长有关。我们得到一个宝贵的经验范例，是关于在一个单独的野生群体中，导致鼠疫侵袭、持续的两类数量阈值。     

用畜骨制作新骨炭除氟剂的方法研究

为探讨制作除氟效果较好的骨盐除氟剂方法，采用不同方法制作除氟剂，比较其除氟效果以筛选较好的制作方法，对商品骨炭、再生骨盐及各种方法制作的各种骨炭进行除氟效果比较，结果表明商品骨炭除氟效果最差，炉火燃烧制品除氟效果优于商品骨炭但不稳定，骨粉炒制骨炭除氟效果较好但制取成本较高，管式炭化炉烧制新骨炭与炒制法相似且操作方便，利用骨炭除氟剂制作细末制成的再生骨盐除氟效果最好。     

Myrtol ameliorates cartilage lesions in an osteoarthritis rat model

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of myrtol standardized on cartilage lesions in osteoarthritis (OA) rats. Methods: Fifty-six healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (13 rats) and OA model group (43 rats) with interior meniscus excision. Then serum estradiol (E₂) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in cartilage tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay and toluidine blue staining, respectively. After that, the model rats were randomly divided into low dose myrtol (LDM) group, middle dose myrtol (MDM) group and high dose myrtol (HDM) group (10 rats in each group) with treatment of 450 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg myrtol, respectively. Then, Mankin scores were used to evaluate lesion extent of knee joint cartilage. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-6, Bax and Bcl-2 were investigated using PCR gel electrophoresis method. Results: Mankin cores were lower in sham group and myrtol group than in model group. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between sham group and model group in expression of TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-6, Bax and Bcl-2 in the cartilage tissue. Myrtol significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and Bax, and increased the expression of TGF-β1 and Bcl-2 in myrtol group, comparing with those in model group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Myrtol could down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and Bax, and up-regulate the expression of TGF-β1 and Bcl-2. Myrtol standardized is a promising drug to ameliorate knee cartilage lesions in the OA rat model.     

H1N1流感爆发带来的启示

H1N1流感最早爆发于墨西哥和美国,感染该病患者会出现上呼吸道症状,随后在世界其他国家也相继出现确诊病例。病原产生的环境、促使跨种传播的因素仍未彻底明了,但可以明确的是在疾病爆发的早期,该病毒就能够直接在人间传播。来源于动物宿主的病原不断地获得在人间传播的潜能,进而导致疾病爆发的事件贯穿人类历史。虽然每次爆发都有其各自特点,但是关键的是要从以往的流行事件中获得启示。把以往防控的经验教训进行整合,从而进一步了解宿主／病原相互作用,采取强有力的预防和治疗措施。     

Simultaneous determination of 7 N-acetyltransferase-2 single-nucleotide variations by allele-specific primer extension assay

BACKGROUND: Genotyping of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) is useful in predicting the risk for toxicity of NAT2 substrates. Current methods cannot detect the 7 most important single-nucleotide variations in NAT2 simultaneously in 1 tube. METHODS: We developed an assay that uses allele-specific primer extension (ASPE) and microsphere hybridization for the simultaneous detection of 7 single-nucleotide variations in NAT2. Using 12 samples previously genotyped by a TaqMan-based assay for method development and as positive controls, we amplified the genetic locus of NAT2 comprising the single-nucleotide variations of interest by PCR and then performed ASPE with allele-specific primers and biotinylated dCTP followed by bead hybridization and streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin binding. Genotypes were determined according to the allele-specific fluorescent signal ratios. RESULTS: The mean (SD) allelic ratios for homozygous common, heterozygous variant, and homozygous variant NAT2 genotypes were 0.0394 (0.0113) (n = 80), 0.4372 (0.0270) (n = 148), and 0.9331 (0.0127) (n = 325). The assay had 100% (95% confidence interval, 99%-100%) within-run reproducibility for 12 samples repeated 6 times and 100% (98%-100%) between-run reproducibility for a 5-sample subset run on 6 different days. NAT2 genotypes of 30 blinded samples determined by this assay were 100% (98%-100%) concordant with results obtained using the TaqMan method. CONCLUSIONS: The developed assay can simultaneously determine single-nucleotide variations in NAT2. The assay demonstrates no overlap in allele-specific signal ratios between homozygous common, heterozygous, and homozygous variant and shows agreement with a reference method and reproducibility of genotype identification.     

不同碘营养水平对育龄妇女甲状腺功能的影响

Objective To study the effects of different level of iodine nutrition on the thyroid function in women of reproductive age. Methods A total of 100 (50 from each) women of reproductive age but not pregnant were collected from iodine deficient and adequate areas. The questionnaire was obtained individually with items concerning personal history of thyroid diseases, goiters and category of edible salt and drinking water based on the project design. The household salt and drinking water were collected for measuring iodine content, and blood samples were obtained for TSH, FT4 and FT3 testing. Results The coverage of iodized salt and the median level of urinary iodine in iodine deficient women(72.0% and 95.5 μg/L) were obviously lower than that in iodine sufficient women(100.0% and 167.4 μg/L, χ2=16.28, U = 632.00, P < 0.01). Median level of serum TSH in iodine deficient women (2.56 m U/L) appeared in an increasing tendency compared to the iodine sufficient women (1.88 mU/L), but there was no significance (U=990.50, P > 0.05). Serum FT4 mean level in iodine deficient women [(14.7±2.0) pmol/L]was lower than that in iodine sufficient women[(17.0±3.8)pmoI/L, t=3.76, P<0.01]. There was no difference in serum FT3 between two group women[(5.1±1.4), (4.8±0.5)pmoI/L, t = 1.59, P > 0.05]; but FT3/FT4 ratio in iodine deficient women(0.33±0.04) was markedly higher than that in the iodine sufficient women(0.30±0.04, t=3.13, P<0.01). The percentage of thyroid dysfunction in iodine deficient women[20.0% (10/50)]was higher compared with the iodine sufficient women[8.0%(4/50)], but without significance(χ2=2.99, P>0.05). Conclusions Iodine deficiency is a primary cause leading to hypothyroid in women of reproductive age. Long term of iodized salt usage is an efficient way to correct iodine deficiency.