Contribution of Fc fragment of monoclonal antibodies to tetanus toxin neutralization

Neurotoxicity Research - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani are considered as a novel source of immunoglobulins for passive immunotherapy of tetanus. Toxin...     

Should we change our approach to resuscitating victims of femoral fracture?A clinical experience in a busy trauma hospital in Shiraz,Iran

Purpose Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening event worldwide.Severe brain trauma accompanying femoral fractures can trigger inflammatory responses in the body and increase pre-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1.The primary treatment in these cases is hydration with crystalloids,which has both benefits and complications.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid therapy on the hemodynamics,coagulation profiles,and blood gases in such patients.Methods In this cross-sectional study,patients were divided into two groups:femoral fracture group and non-femoral group.The hemodynamic status,coagulation profile,and blood gases of patients in both groups were evaluated upon arrival at the hospital and again 2 h later.Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA with repeated data and paired samples t-test.Results A total of 681 trauma patients(605 men and 76 women)participated in this study,including 69(86.3%)men and 11(13.8%)women in femoral fracture group and 536 men(89.2%)and 65 women(10.8%)in non-femoral group.The laboratory parameters were evaluated in response to the equal amount of crystalloid fluid given upon arrival and 2 h later.Blood gases decreased in the fracture group despite fluid therapy(p<0.003),and the coagulation profile worsened although the change was not statistically significant.Conclusion The treatment of multiple-trauma patients with femoral bone fractures should be more concerned with the need for the infusion of vasopressors such as norepinephrine.If there is evidence of clinical shock,excessive crystalloid infusion(limited to 1 L)should be avoided,and blood and blood products should be started as soon as possible.     

免疫磁珠分选骨髓衍生肝干细胞亚群c-Kit+lin-

目的:利用免疫磁性细胞分选系统分离纯化骨髓衍生肝干细胞亚群c-Kit lin-。方法:实验于2006-07/08在南方医科大学实验动物中心完成。6～8周龄的SPF级纯系BALB/C雄性小鼠10只,体质量18～20g。收集小鼠股骨骨髓细胞,利用免疫磁性细胞分选系统,通过两步法分选纯化c-Kit lin-:将获取的lin-细胞悬液8℃条件下1500r/min离心10min,弃上清,按80μL/107加入Buffer重悬细胞。按20μL/107加生物素抗体磁珠,混匀,4℃冰箱孵育15min,按1mL/107加入Buffer洗细胞1次,8℃条件下1500r/min离心10min,弃上清,按500μL/108加入Buffer重悬细胞。Buffer500μL润MS柱,悬液过柱后,Buffer500μL/次洗柱3次,柱子脱离磁场,加1mLBuffer,用配套柱塞推出柱中的c-Kit lin-细胞,收集到c-kit lin-细胞,细胞计数。取2.0×106个细胞分成10等份,流式细胞仪分析c-Kit lin-细胞纯度,计算回收率,评估纯化效率,苔盼兰染色检测纯化前后的细胞活力。计算活细胞的百分率。细胞纯度和细胞回收率的计算:细胞纯度=分离产物中的阳性细胞数/分离细胞的总细胞数×100%,细胞回收率=分离产物中的阳性细胞数/起始标本阳性细胞总数×100%。结果:10只小鼠均进入结果分析。利用免疫磁性细胞分选系统分选出的骨髓衍生肝干细胞亚群c-Kit lin-细胞纯度和回收率分别为(77.98±2.34)%,75.40%,纯化前后细胞活力不受影响。结论:免疫磁性细胞分选系统能有效分选骨髓衍生肝干细胞亚群c-Kit lin-,纯度和回收率高,且不影响细胞活力。     

Comparison of chest CT scan findings between COVID-19 and pulmonary contusion in trauma patients based on RSNA criteria: Established novel criteria for trauma victims

ProposeIn this study, we re-assessed the criteria defined by the radiological society of North America (RSNA) to determine novel radiological findings helping the physicians differentiating COVID-19 from pulmonary contusion.MethodsAll trauma patients with blunt chest wall trauma and subsequent pulmonary contusion, COVID-19-related signs and symptoms before the trauma were enrolled in this retrospective study from February to May 2020. Included patients (Group P) were then classified into two groups based on polymerase chain reaction tests (Group Pa for positive patients and Pb for negative ones). Moreover, 44 patients from the pre-pandemic period (Group PP) were enrolled. They were matched to Group P regarding age, sex, and trauma-related scores. Two radiologists blindly reviewed the CT images of all enrolled patients according to criteria defined by the RSNA criteria. The radiological findings were compared between Group P and Group PP; statistically significant ones were re-evaluated between Group Pa and Group Pb thereafter. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of each significant findings were calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare the radiological findings between Group P and Group PP.ResultsIn the Group PP, 73.7% of all ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and 80% of all multiple bilateral GGOs were detected (p < 0.001 and p = 0.25, respectively). Single bilateral GGOs were only seen among the Group PP. The Chi-square tests showed that the prevalence of diffused GGOs, multiple unilateral GGOs, multiple consolidations, and multiple bilateral consolidations were significantly higher in the Group P (p = 0.001, 0.01, 0.003, and 0.003, respectively). However, GGOs with irregular borders and single consolidations were more significant among the Group PP (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively). Of note, reticular distortions and subpleural spares were exclusively detected in the Group PP.ConclusionWe concluded that the criteria set by RSNA for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are not appropriate in trauma patients. The clinical signs and symptoms are not always useful either. The presence of multiple unilateral GGOs, diffused GGOs, and multiple bilateral consolidations favor COVID-19 with 88%, 97.62%, and 77.7% diagnostic accuracy.     

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Gastric Bypass Patients with Hypoglycemic Syndrome: No Evidence for Inappropriate Pancreatic β-cell Function

Background  

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) has been associated with a hypoglycemic syndrome characterized by postprandial hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The syndrome is believed to occur due to insulin hypersecretion from either pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia or hyperfunction.     

Longitudinal Tissue Velocity and Deformation Imaging in Inferobasal Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Background: Longitudinal myocardial tissue velocity imaging (TVI) and strain rate imaging (SRI) quantify regional myocardial function. We aimed to measure TVI and SRI indices for inferobasal aneurysmal segments by echocardiography at rest. Method: Sixteen patients with inferobasal left ventricular (LV) aneurysm, LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤50%, and 14 normal coronaries with normal echocardiography (control group) were studied. In SRI, peak systolic strain (ST), strain rate (SR), and pattern of strain curves and in TVI, peak systolic inward motion (Sm) were evaluated all at rest. Ascending curve means systolic expansion and descending means shortening. Results: LVEF was significantly lower in the patient group. Mean ST, SR, and Sm of inferobasal segment showed significant difference between patient and control groups; for ST: 1.45 ± 7.18% versus ?17.64 ± 7.45%, P < 0.0001; SR: ?0.25 ± 0.26 versus ?1.44 ± 0.64 sec^?1, P < 0.0001; and Sm: 3.85 ± 1.26 versus 5.56 ± 1.28 cm/sec, P = 0.006, respectively. All inferobasal aneurysmal segments had ascending curve while normal segments showed a descending curve. In patient group, aneurysmal segments had significantly reduced ST and SR compared to normal segments. Normal functioning segments of patients showed significant reduction of ST and SR compared to normal LV segments in control subjects. The range of SR and ST for inferobasal aneurysmal segments did not overlap with that of the normal segments (?0.60, 0.19 and ?3.00, ?0.80 sec^?1 for SR, and ?8.30, 23.30 and ?35.30, ?10.00% for ST, respectively). Conclusion: SRI indices were significantly reduced in inferobasal aneurysmal segment in comparison with either the same segment in normal subjects or normal functioning segments in the same patients. SR and ST may be superior to Sm in the evaluation of inferobasal aneurysmal segments. (Echocardiography 2010;27:803‐808)