Chronic Marijuana Smoke Exposure in the Rhesus Monkey I. Plasma Cannabinoid and Blood Carboxyhemoglobin Concentrations and Clinical Chemistry Parameters

Chronic Marijuana Smoke Exposure in the Rhesus Monkey I. PlasmaCannabinoid and Blood Carbxyhemoglobin Concentrations and ClinicalChemistry Parameters SLIKKER, W., JR., PAULE, M. G., ALI, S.F., SCALLET, A. C., AND BAILEY, J. R (1991). Fundam. Appl Toxicol17, 321–334. This report is the first in a series abouta large multidisciplinary study designed to determine whetherchronic marijuana (MJ) smoke exposure results in residual behavioraland/or neuropathological alterations in the rhesus monkey. Priorto the initiation of a year of chronic MJ smoke exposure, 64periadolescent male rhesus monkeys were trained for 1 year toperform five operant behavioral tasks and then divided, accordingto their performance in these tasks, into four exposure groups(n=15–16/group): (1) a high dose (HI) group, exposed 7days/week to the smoke of one standard MJ cigarette; (2) a lowd m (LO) group, exposed on weekend days only to the smoke ofa standard MJ cigarate; (3) an extracted MJ cigarette (EX) group,exposed 7 days/week to the smoke of one ethanol-extracted MJcigarette; and (4) a sham group (SH), exposed 7 days/week tosham exposure conditions. Daily exposures for 1 year were accomplishedusing a mask that covered the subjects' nose and mouth. Averagebody weights (initially 3.7?0.5 kg, mean?SD) and rates of weightgain (approximately 0.1 kg/month) were the same for all groupsthroughout the entire experiment. During the first week of expsure,plasma concentrations of -9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCin the HI group were 59?7 (mean?SE) and 5.5?1.5 ng/ml, respectively,45 min after MJ smoke administration and did not change significantlyat similar times after exposure throughout the remainder ofthe year. Whole blood carboxyhemoglobin levels increased toapproximately 13% 1 min after expsure to smoke in either theMJ or the EX groups. Comparison of blood chemistry and hematologyvalues before, during, and after exposure indicated no differencesfor most parameters. During exposure, lymphocytes, alkalinephosphatase and -glutamyl transferase were depressed in theHI group compared to in the SH group. During exposure, aspartateaminotransferase was elevatd for both the HI and EX groups,suggesting a general effect of smoke exposure. Because theseeffects were transient and remained within the range of reportednormal values, these data indicate that long-term, experimentalexperimental exposure to MJ smoke is feasible and does not compromisethe general health of the rhesus monkey.     

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Cardiovascular Therapeutics: A Review

Hypothyroidism is associated with an abnormal hemodynamic state characterized by decreased heart rate, stroke volume, output, and contractility, and increased systemic vascular resistance. Since cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and surgical stress can induce profound decreases in triiodothyronine (T3) levels, the hemodynamic consequences of "stress-induced" hypothyroidism and T3 repletion are of increasing clinical interest. Available data generally support the likelihood of a beneficial effect associated with T3 replacement in brain-dead organ donors and in cases of low cardiac output following CPB. Although hypotheses have been advanced to account for these salutary effects, the mechanism by which T3 may augment hemodynamic performance has not been precisely defined, particularly in the acute setting. Although additional research is needed to clarify these and other issues, preliminary findings with T3 replacement indicate that such investigation is warranted.     

黄芪注射液临床应用进展

目的：对黄芪注射液临床应用及其疗效进行综述。方法：通过查阅近期国内部分期刊杂志，对黄芪注射液在肺心病、老年肺结核、脑中风、冠心病、流行性出血热、病毒性心肌炎、甲亢、肝病及肾病等临床应用新进展进行综述。结果：黄芪注射液辅助治疗上述疾病疗效满意。结论：黄芪注射液是治疗心脑血管疾病、肾病、肝病等的有效药物。     

直电极与弯电极序列人工耳蜗植入深度的比较

目的测量比较Nucleus CI 24M直电极序列和CI24 Contour弯电极序列两种型号植入体的电极植入深度。方法对41例CI 24M和8例CI 24 Contour植入者,术后拍摄耳蜗位X线平片。应用图像处理技术,比照耳蜗螺旋模板,建立电极序列的极坐标图形,测量第22号电极与耳蜗开窗处的极坐标角度,两者之差代表了电极序列的植入深度。以t检验比较两种型号植入体的植入深度状况。结果 无内耳畸形、手术条件相当的情况下,CI 24 Contour植入体的平均插入角度为413°,CI 24M植入体的平均插入角度为316°,P=0.0001。结论CI 24 Contour植入体的植入深度明显深于CI 24M。前者更有利于医师进行植入。     

舌及口底鳞癌治疗分析

目的 探讨舌及口底鳞癌淋巴转移的手术时机与方式对预后的影响。方法 舌及口底鳞癌67例,非手术组12例(为cN_(2～3)患者),手术组55例。cN_028例行原发灶切除,其中23例行选择性颈淋巴清扫。27例cN_(1～3)(cN15例、cN_(2～3)22例)行原发灶切除加根治性颈淋巴清扫,其中16例cN_(2～3)行岛状肌皮瓣修复术:结果 在34例患者中(cN_(2～3)),手术组5年生存率为54.55％(12/22),非手术组5年生存率为41.67％(5/12)。28例cN_0患者中,4例单纯癌肿切除者术后45～60天出现淋巴转移;23例行选择性颈淋巴结清扫术者,证实13例有隐匿性淋巴结转移,10例未见淋巴结转移。结论 对cN_0患者应尽早行选择性颈淋巴结清扫术。对多区域淋巴结或一个区域多个淋巴结转移的cN_(2～3)患者,手术比非手术组的生存率更高,但后者对提高5年生存质量有一定作用。     

Nucleus24M型人工耳蜗植入后电极阻抗的变化

目的：研究人工耳蜗植入后电极阻抗的变化规律，以便确定术后进行映射调图的时间表。方法：对16例植入Nucleus CI24M型人工耳蜗患者，于术中及术后1、1．5、2、4、6个月进行电极阻抗测试，统计分析电极阻抗的变化规律。结果：患者电极阻抗在术中检测时最低，开机时最高，以后若干次随访时，阻抗逐渐下降，并在2～4个月左右趋于稳定。结论：电极阻抗的稳定提示耳蜗内生物组织的病理过程渐趋稳定；对心理物理测试配合良好的患者，术后只进行2～4个月左右的映射调图即可。     

全容积三维超声定量评价心脏的结构功能与同步性

全容积三维超声是近年来超声心动图领域的新进展,为心脏疾病的诊断提供了新的显像方式.该文较全面地阐述了全容积三维超声定量诊断的新进展,包括对心血管的腔径、面积、容量、功能以及心脏机械运动同步性等的测量,为临床治疗决策的制定、疗效评价和预后判断提供重要参考.     

细菌耐药——重症感染治疗面临的问题

近年来,耐药细菌所致的感染性疾病已成为导致危重患儿死亡的重要原因之一,颇受关注,故本文就细菌耐药性概述、耐药菌引起的重症感染及治疗问题进行探讨.     

肠外营养导致大鼠肝细胞周期基因的变化及临床意义

目的 本研究利用实时定量PCR芯片技术,检测TPN后肝脏细胞周期基因表达的变化,探讨哪些基因在肝脏损害中发挥作用,为临床预防和治疗PNALD提供资料.方法 选择12只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为TPN组(6只)和生理盐水对照组(6只),7d后应用实时定量PCR芯片检测方法 ,比较两组大鼠间肝脏细胞周期基因的表达.结果 TPN组大鼠肝脏病理表现为肝细胞弥漫的脂肪空泡变性,小叶中央区较周边区更为明显;TPN组大鼠肝脏细胞周期表达上调基因有Atm、Brea1、CAkn1b、Dnajc2、G2a、Nfatc1、Notch2、Pkd1、Ppp2r3a等,表达下调基因有CAc25b、Ccnd1、E2f1、Mcm3、Nek2、Wee1等.结论 TPN组与生理盐水对照组大鼠比较,肝脏细胞周期基因表达存在差异,肝细胞周期基因ATM、BRCA1、Cdkn1b 等表达的改变,提示肝细胞增生减少和凋亡的增加,从而阻止肝细胞的修复,可能TPN与肝脏损伤的发生和发展相关.     

转化生长因子-β1和胰岛素对人鼻中隔软骨细胞增殖和分化影响的研究

目的 了解转化生长因子-β1(transforminggrowth factor-beta 1,TGF-β1)和胰岛素对人鼻中隔软骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法 体外培养人鼻中隔软骨细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)代谢和35S-Na2SO4掺入的检测比较不同浓度TGF-β1和胰岛素对人鼻中隔软骨细胞的增殖以及软骨基质蛋白多糖合成的影响,观察TGF-β1和胰岛素对软骨细胞表型的影响。结果在15％血清的培养条件下,TGF-β1和胰岛素均能显著促进软骨细胞增殖,且在各自一定的浓度范围内呈量效关系,联合作用效果累加;TGF-β1、TGF-β1和胰岛素联合作用促使软骨基质蛋白多糖的合成量明显提高;TGF-β1使传代软骨细胞去分化提前。结论一定浓度的TGF-β1、胰岛素和TGF-β1 胰岛素对体外培养的人鼻中隔软骨细胞具有显著的促增殖作用。