Risk of Respiratory Complications and Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: Smokers versus Nonsmokers

Background: Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia, but it is unclear whether this is applicable to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of respiratory complications and wound infection among smokers.

Methods: The authors studied a random selection of 489 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Smoking status was determined by self-report and confirmed with end-expired carbon monoxide analysis. The risk of respiratory complications (i.e., desaturation, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, or apnea) and wound infection (i.e., wound redness or discharge +/- positive microbial culture, requiring antibiotic therapy) in smokers versus nonsmokers was ascertained. Odds ratios were estimated from multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, partner's smoking status, domiciliary smoking exposure, and extent and duration of surgery.

Results: Most smokers continued to smoke up until the day of surgery. Smokers had a higher rate of respiratory complications (32.8%vs. 25.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.84;P = 0.038) and wound infection (3.6%vs. 0.6%; odds ratio, 16.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-175;P = 0.019). Odds ratios comparing current plus ex-smokers with nonsmokers were of similar magnitude for most of these complications.     

An Analysis of Chromosome on Sterility Caused by Azoospermia or Oligospermia

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THE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE COMPOSITA ON PEROXIDATION OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DUE TO COPPER DICHLORIDE

It is well known that plasma lipoprotein, particularly oxidized LDL, plays an important rolein the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases. We used oxidized LDLgenerated by incubating LDL from healthy Persons with copper dichloride as a model to in-vestigate the antioxidate property of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita (RSMC). Onphotos, the spot X1 and the spot X2 were clearly found in the control group after the dislysisinto copper dichloride for 24 and 48 hours, but they could not found in the RSMC group.The analysis of the constituents of lipids in LDL (by charring method) showed that afterdislysis the percentages of the spot X1 and the spot X2 in the RSMC group weresignificantly lower tban those in the control group (P< 0.01). The results suggest thatRSMC plays a potential role in antioxidation of lipuls or LDL.     

The Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Tripterygium hypoglaucum on NK Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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略论法国大革命中吉伦特派的人权思想

吉伦特派是十八世纪法国大革命中的一个重要派别,是大革命前期革命沿上升路线发展时三个相继执政的资产阶级党派中承上启下的一个。对吉伦特派的评价,法国史学界二百年来莫衷一是,而且似乎有不少偏颇之处,我国史学界三十余年来更显得偏激。作者认为,他们思想的核心是启蒙学者所阐明的人权学说,因而,本文拟对他们的人权思想略加阐述,并试用历史唯物主义的观点作一些剖析,希望能因此对他们作出一个比较客观的评价。     

Dual Exposure to Sevoflurane Improves Anesthetic Preconditioning in Intact Hearts

Background: Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) with sevoflurane reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The authors tested whether two brief exposures to sevoflurane would lead to a better preconditioning state than would a single longer exposure and whether dual exposure to a lower (L) concentration of sevoflurane would achieve an outcome similar to that associated with a single exposure to a higher (H) concentration.

Methods: Langendorff-prepared guinea pig hearts were exposed to 0.4 mm sevoflurane once for 15 min (H1-15; n = 8) or 0.4 mm (H2-5; n = 8) or 0.2 mm sevoflurane (L2-5; n = 8) twice for 5 min, with a 5-min washout period interspersed. Sevoflurane was then washed out for 20 min before 30 min of global no-flow ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Control hearts (n = 8) were not subjected to APC. Left ventricular pressure was measured isovolumetrically. Ventricular infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining and cumulative planimetry. Values are expressed as mean +/- SD.

Results: The authors found a better functional return and a lesser percentage of infarction on reperfusion in H2-5 (28 +/- 9%) than in H1-15 (36 +/- 8%; P < 0.05), L2-5 (43 +/- 6%; P < 0.05), or control hearts (52 +/- 7%; P < 0.05).     

大学生美容行业就业状况调查实录

北京华侨大厦，首届美容院人才交流会顺利召开，295家美容美发企业现场求贤。据主办方介绍，举办此次大会的初衷是希望更多的大学毕业生和外行业专业人才加盟美容美发行业，提高美容业人才整体水平。而对于还未就业的应届毕业生来说，这也将是不错的就业机会。但出人意料的是，整场会议下来，参会人次才360多人。参会的企业抱怨没有招到合适自己的人才，这是一场有需求没供应的交流会。究竟美容美发人才供应在哪里出了问题呢？[编者按]     

Hepatoprotective effects of diethylcarbamazine in acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

This research was carried out to determine a potential role of leukotrienes in the acute hepatotoxicity induced by CC14 in rats. An inhibitor of leukotrienes biosynthesis, diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 25 and 50 mg ·kg-1 ip) exerted hepatoprotective effects, decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransfer-ase in serum and the concentration of liver triglycerides. DEC reduced histological damage of liver evidenced by electron microscopy. The hepatoprotective effects of DEC were dose-dependent. The results favor the role of leukotrienes in CC14 hepatotoxicity.     

真核基因的转录调控

自从1953年Watson和Crick确立了DNA的双螺旋结构,近40年来分子生物学研究阐明了遗传信息的传递是由DNA→RNA→蛋白质的“中心法则”以及其逆向转录的补充。然而,直到70年代基因工程技术问世,才有可能深入研究基因表达的时空调控机制。真核基因中由组蛋白和DNA形成的“串珠状”核小体是染色质结构的基本单位。真核基因转录前染色质结构改变