浅述中医择时服药及辨证护理

择时服药是以中医时辰学说为指导,通过选择最佳时间用药,最大限度地发挥治疗作用,并减少药物不良反应,诱导紊乱的人体节律复常,从而达到治疗目的.目前,临床上对中医的服药时间不太重视而且相当刻板,不分疾病种类、病情轻重缓急,均按每日1剂,水煎,上、下午各服1次的模式进行,而且对用药后护理也重视不够,均有碍于提高临床疗效.为此,笔者就如何确定服药时间以及服药应配合的恰当护理,作一疏理.     

立体定向开放显微手术治疗脑内致痫小病灶

目的脑内致癫痫小病灶术前、术中的精确定位和病灶切除,是手术治疗效果的关键。探讨立体定向开放微创手术,皮层电极监测下切除脑内致痫小病灶的手术方法。方法53例症状性癫痫病例,CT、MR I检查有脑内小病灶(直径在0.5~3.0 cm),24 h视频脑电图确认致痫灶为脑内单发病灶。ASA 601S型立体定向仪CT引导辅助全麻环钻开颅,导针穿刺放置导管引导,显微镜下手术分离、切除病灶,皮层脑电图确认将致痫灶切除。结果病灶全切率达96.2%,术后50例得到随访,随访时间5~12个月,平均6.3个月,癫痫消失45例,脑电图检查记录到癫痫波11例,临床癫痫发作5例。因肺癌死亡3例。结论CT立体定向引导,显微手术切除颅内致痫小病灶,术中皮层电极确认将致痫灶切除,是一种定位精确、微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

白细胞介素—2胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸水24例临床分析

恶性胸腔积液能严重影响病人的呼吸循环功能,加速病人死亡。本文对24例恶性胸腔积液病人给予白细胞介素—2(IL-2)胸腔灌注治疗,取得了明显效果。其总有效率(完全缓解率 部分缓解率)较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),该作者认为该疗法治疗效果肯定,副作用轻,具有推广应用价值。     

A群脑膜炎多糖菌苗接种前后流脑流行规律的改变及今后预防对策

本文研究了在使用菌苗预防前后的流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行强度的变迁，年龄、地区及季节分布特点，人群的易感性及带菌率之间的关系，并讨论了今后的预防措施。     

Role of Tyrosine Kinase in Desflurane-induced Preconditioning

Background: Short administration of volatile anesthetics preconditions myocardium and protects the heart against the consequences of subsequent ischemia. Activation of tyrosine kinase is implicated in ischemic preconditioning. The authors investigated whether desflurane-induced preconditioning depends on activation of tyrosine kinase.

Methods: Sixty-four rabbits were instrumented for measurement of left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, and myocardial infarct size (IS). All rabbits were subjected to 30 min of occlusion of a major coronary artery and 2 h of subsequent reperfusion. Rabbits underwent a treatment period consisting of either no intervention for 35 min (control group, n = 12) or 15 min of 1 minimum alveolar concentration desflurane inhalation followed by a 10-min washout period (desflurane group, n = 12). Four additional groups received the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (5 mg/kg) or lavendustin A (1.3 mg/kg) at the beginning of the treatment period with (desflurane-genistein group, n = 11; desflurane-lavendustin A group, n = 12) or without desflurane inhalation (genistein group, n = 9; lavendustin A group, n = 8).

Results: Hemodynamic values were similar in all groups during baseline (left ventricular pressure, 87 +/- 14 mmHg [mean +/- SD]; cardiac output, 198 +/- 47 ml/min), during coronary artery occlusion (left ventricular pressure, 78 +/- 12 mmHg; cardiac output, 173 +/- 39 ml/min), and after 2 h of reperfusion (left ventricular pressure, 59 +/- 17; cardiac output, 154 +/- 43 ml/min). IS in the control group was 55 +/- 10% of the area at risk. The tyrosine inhibitors had no effect on IS (genistein group, 56 +/- 13%; lavendustin A group, 49 +/- 13%; each P = 1.0 vs. control group). Desflurane preconditioning reduced IS to 40 +/- 15% (P = 0.04 vs. control group). Tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration had no effect on IS reduction (desflurane-genistein group, 44 +/- 13%; desflurane-lavendustin A group, 44 +/- 16%; each P = 1.0 vs. desflurane group).     

蒙药灰剂简介

蒙药有十大剂型,灰药为其中之一。灰剂是将药物置于瓦罐内,密闭封严、用无烟火加热烧成灰、研成细粉制成散剂或制丸,使内服或外用的一种传统剂型。一、蒙药灰剂的简况灰剂作为蒙药独有的剂型,最早始载于《四部医典》,据今已有一千多年的历史。医典第八章中提出:寒性病症灰剂数第一。可见一千多年前不但创造了灰剂,而且阐述了灰剂的功用。以后在十七世纪编著的《蒙医金匮》医书中记载了有关灰剂的制法及应用。解放后,蒙医蒙药事业得到了发展。近四十年出版的蒙医蒙药专著均有关于灰剂的记载。如:《临床医药鉴》记有盐的灰剂,用于消化不良、痞症及血瘀症等。又如《蒙医成方选》中选入了寒水石灰剂两方。还如《中国医学百科全书》。《蒙医学》较详     

Propofol and Sevoflurane in Subanesthetic Concentrations Act Preferentially on the Spinal Cord: Evidence from Multimodal Electrophysiological Assessment

Background: Animal experiments in recent years have shown that attenuation of motor responses by general anesthetics is mediated at least partly by spinal mechanisms. Less is known about the relative potency of anesthetic drugs in suppressing cortical and spinal electrophysiological responses in vivo in humans, particularly those, but not only those, connected with motor responses. Therefore, we studied the effects of sevoflurane and propofol in humans using multimodal electrophysiological assessment.

Methods: We studied nine healthy volunteers in two sessions during steady state sedation with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 [mu]g/l (targeted plasma concentration) propofol or 0.2 and 0.4 vol% (end-tidal) sevoflurane. Following a 15-min equilibration period, motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral (H-reflex, F-wave) stimulation were recorded, while electroencephalography and auditory evoked responses were recorded in parallel.

Results: At concentrations corresponding to two thirds of C50 awake, motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation were reduced by approximately 50%, H-reflex amplitude was reduced by 22%, F-wave amplitude was reduced by 40%, and F-wave persistence was reduced by 25%. No significant differences between sevoflurane and propofol were found. At this concentration, the Bispectral Index was reduced by 7%, and the middle-latency auditory evoked responses were attenuated only mildly (Nb latency increased by 11%, amplitude PaNb did not change). In contrast, the postauricular reflex was suppressed by 77%.     

Pfizer收购Idun医药公司

世界上最大的制药商Pfizer公司称已就收购Idun医药公司达成协议。后者是一家美国私营企业，致力于发现与开发控制细胞凋亡（一种涉及许多疾病过程的程序性细胞死亡）的药物。     

“不批准”函打击Calmactin

Solvay制药公司的治疗以腹泻为主肠易激综合征的研究性药物Calmactin（cilansetron，西兰司琼）（Ⅰ）在接到美国FDA不批准函后，在美国上市的时间将会考虑推迟。