Update: influenza activity--United States, 1998-99 season

This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States from October 4, 1998, through February 27, 1999. It also presents results of an investigation of an influenza outbreak among staff and residents at one long-term-care facility (LTCF), and estimates the 1998-99 influenza vaccine effectiveness against the circulating influenza A(H3N2) viruses at that facility. Based on influenza surveillance data, influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-January 1999 and remained elevated in most regions of the country through the week ending February 27.     

More than just a health issue: a review of current issues in the care of enterally-fed children living in the community

There are increasing numbers of children with a disability living in the community who require enteral tube feeds to optimize their nutritional status. Whilst there appears to be evidence of health gains, for some children there may also be serious and unintended social deprivations resulting from the need to be tube fed. This paper reviews the literature on support for children who are tube fed and makes a case for more coordinated and effective support services for families who are tube feeding a child at home. It is argued that national guidance should be developed which clarifies the position of all non-parent carers and staff who are willing to administer enteral tube feeds. Such guidance should also ensure that enterally-fed children have the same rights to educational and social services as other children and that families are given the opportunity to make informed decisions about the implications of enteral feeding prior to it being established.     

神经元烟碱乙酰胆碱受体受阻滞所致早老型痴呆动物模型的建立

海马区内注射Ｋ－银环蛇毒素（Ｋ－ＢＧＴ）可造成小鼠学习记忆明显障碍,以建立早老性痴呆（ＡＤ）患者学习记忆缺损模型。对小鼠的损害作用随Ｋ－ＢＧＴ剂量增加而明显增加。水迷宫多项指标测试结果表明,Ｋ－ＢＧＴ损害组小鼠与对照组小鼠相比,空间学习和记忆能力显著下降。明暗回避反应实验结果也表明,Ｋ－ＢＧＴ损害小鼠潜伏期明显缩短,错误次数增多;两种检测方法均表明Ｋ－ＢＧＴ可导致小鼠学习记忆明显障碍,而且这种损害具有持久的作用。     

肥达试验与小儿不典型伤寒的关系(附26例临床分析)

对不典型伤寒患儿26例重复检测肥达试验.结果发病1周阳性率42.3%(11/26),发病4周阳性率92.3%(24/26),二者比较有非常显著差异(P<0.01).     

Impact of the environment on reproductive health

The WHO workshop on the impact of the environment on reproductive health is summarized. Topics include the nature of environmental factors affecting reproductive health, environmental factors blamed for declining sperm quantity and quality, the effects of natural and man-made disasters on reproductive health, chemical pollutants, how the environment damages reproductive health, and research needs for better research methodologies and surveillance data. Recommendations are made to: 1) promote international research collaboration with an emphasis on consistency of methodological approaches for assessing developmental and reproductive toxicity, on development of improved surveillance systems and data bases, an strengthening international disaster alert and evaluation systems; 2) promote research capabilities for multidisciplinary studies, for interactive studies of the environment and cellular processes, and for expansion of training and education; and 3) take action on priority problems of exposure to chemical, physical, and biological agents, of exposure to pesticides among specific populations, and of inadequate screening methods for identification of environmental chemicals. The costs of environmental injury to reproduction include subfertility, intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, and various birth defects. Developed country's primary threats are from chemical pollution, radiation, and stress. There is a large gap in knowledge. Caution is urged in understanding the direct relationship between environmental causes and infertility. Sexual health is difficult to assess and research is suggested. Exposure to excessive vitamin A and toxic chemicals are cited as agents probably having serious effects on malformations. Sperm quality has declined over the decades; there is speculation about the potential causes. The effects of radiation such as at Chernobyl are described. Toxic chemical exposure such as in Bhopal, India killed thousands. Neurological damage is reported for fetuses and infants exposed to methyl mercury. There is the beginning of evidence that complications of pregnancy may be related to pollution levels surrounding industrial plants. Reproductive health is affected through chromosome damage and cell destruction, prenatal death, altered growth, fetal abnormalities, postnatal death, functional learning deficits, and premature aging.     

综合疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎致不育症63例

慢性前列腺炎是引起不育症的主要原因之一,笔者于1995年6月-2002月12月,采用综合疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎致不育症63例,疗效显著,现报道如下。     

Isoline两个新代谢物的制备及其理化性质

目的：为进一步研究isoline的代谢和毒理，采用化学方法制备其代谢产物。方法：分别采用水解，氮氧化和脱氢化反应将isoline转化为与代谢和毒理研究相关类型的产物。结果与结论：成功地制备了五个化合物，其中两个为新化合物，其结构经UV，IR.MS和NMR分析得以鉴定。     

诺维本联合放射对人肺腺癌细胞的杀伤作用

[目的]研究诺维本联合放射对人肺腺癌细胞(PAA)的杀伤作用.[方法]应用四唑盐比色试验(MTT)检测诺维本对PAA细胞生长的抑制率和时间效应;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡情况.[结果]不同浓度(20、40、60、80、100μmol/L)的诺维本作用24h后对细胞生长的抑制率分别为6.12%、18.80%、53.91%、77.10%和90.20%,ID50为59.10μmol/L;诺维本对细胞生长的抑制作用在高浓度时具有明显的时间依赖性;从流式细胞术的细胞周期分析结果发现,经诺维本作用后G2/M期细胞的比例明显增加;单纯药物组的凋亡在24h出现,单纯放射组在放射后12h出现明显的凋亡小峰,药物放射联合组出现凋亡的时间更早,凋亡峰亦更明显,各组细胞在不同时间内的平均凋亡百分数分别为:对照组5.362±4.123,单纯放射组6.523±6.214,单纯药物组9.985±9.023,药物联合放射组18.100±8.965,药物联合放射组与其它3组相比,P均＜0.05.[结论]诺维本联合放射对人肺腺癌细胞有协同杀伤作用.