肾移植术中医源性非吻合口髂外动脉栓塞三例报告

肾移植术后髂外动脉栓塞的发生率较低,但危害严重,常导致移植肾功能丧失和下肢动脉缺血,及时发现并正确处理上述并发症,可挽救部分移植肾和下肢功能.本文对我院3例肾移植术中因Satinski钳钳夹造成的髂外动脉栓塞进行分析,以期引起大家的注意.     

68例腹腔镜活体供肾切取术的临床研究

目的:总结68例腹腔镜活体供肾切取术(laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy,LDN)的临床经验。方法:回顾分析2004年5月至2008年4月我院施行的LDN68例的临床资料,对手术时间,供肾热缺血时间,术中失血量,肾动、静脉长度进行统计,并对数据按照取左、右肾进行分组比较。根据改良的Clavien分级系统对围手术期并发症情况进行分析。术后对供者血肌酐(SCr),肾小球滤过率(GFR),24h尿蛋白定量水平,血压水平以及受者的肾功能情况进行随访。结果:68例LDN手术均取得成功,手术时间为(87.5±7.8)min,供肾热缺血时间为(85.6±13.1)s,术中失血量为(56.8±8.5)ml,肾动脉长度为(3.0±0.3)cm,肾静脉长度为(2.3±0.3)cm,按照取左右肾手术时间分别为(89.5±8.4)min和(86.8±7.2)min(P>0.05),供肾热缺血时间为(86.7±12.3)s和(85.2±14.1)s(P>0.05),术中失血量为(58.2±10.2)ml和(55.4±9.4)ml,(P>0.05),肾动脉长度为(2.5±0.3)cm和(3.5±0.3)cm(P<0.0001),肾静脉长度为(3.2±0.4)cm和(1.6±0.3)cm(P<0.0001)。围手术期3例(4.4%)出现并发症,其中Grade2b级1例,Grade1级2例。肾移植手术均获成功,受者在1周内肾功恢复正常,1例受者术后6个月并发肺部感染死亡。供者术后SCr,24h尿蛋白定量水平,GFR值维持在正常范围内,无新发高血压患者出现。结论:LDN安全、微创,完善LDN操作技术,加强对供者术后随访十分重要。     

单支与多支移植肾动脉的移植效果观察

目的 比较单支与多支移植肾供肾动脉的移植效果.方法 根据供肾动脉的支数将患者分为3组,A组为单支肾动脉组(251例);B组为2支肾动脉组(12例),但有1支动脉直径<2 mm或估计供血区域<10%.将该动脉结扎(上极动脉);C组为2支或2支以上肾动脉组(35例).分别观察记录3组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后并发症以及术后肾功能情况.结果 A、B两组的手术时间较C组短,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).3组的失血最差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).3组患者术后的肌酐差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).A组有7.6%(19/251)出现术后并发症;B组有2例出现肾功延迟恢复,无其他并发症,并发症发生率为16.7%(2/12);C组有11.4%(4/35)出现并发症.术后各组1年人/肾存活率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 单支与多支移植肾供肾动脉组之间比较,除手术时间略长外,在术中失血量、术后并发症、术后肾功能情况、术后急性排斥反应发生率、术后1年人/肾存活率方面均无明显差异.提高血管重建吻合技术是减少多支供肾动脉术后并发症,提高移植肾存活率的关键.     

侧卧位70°腹腔镜下经腹入路切除结核肾

腹腔镜下肾切除治疗肾脏良性病变已被广泛接受，但肾结核由于常伴有严重的肾周围炎，肾周及肾门处广泛粘连，操作困难，结核播散危险，曾被认为是腹腔镜手术的相对禁忌证。随着腹腔镜技术的进步和手术医师经验和操作技巧的提高，肾结核已不再是腹腔镜手术的禁忌证。2004年3月—2005年4月，我们应用侧卧位70°角腹腔镜下经腹入路切除结核肾13例，效果良好，现报告如下。[第一段]     

协同信号途径阻断和供体脾细胞输注诱导预存同种记忆性T淋巴细胞大鼠心脏移植物的耐受

Objective To induce the tolerance to cardiac allograft by combined blockade of OX40/OX40L and CD28/B7 co-stimulatory signaling and donor specific spleen cell transfusion in rat mod-els of pre-existent allogenic reactive memory T lymphocytes. Methods Lewis rats that underwent 3 days of adoptive transfer of donor specific CD8+ memory T cells, separated by immunomagnetic bead separation kit, received either separate or combined transfusion of AdCTLA4Ig, AdOX40Ig, donor spleen cells (DST) and transplantations of hearts of DA rats at the same time. Cardiac allografts were taken out 48 h after transplantation for histological analysis and cytokines expression ,and survival time of cardiac allografts with different treatments was observed. Results Compared with AdCTLA4Ig, AdOX40Ig and DST groups, AdCTLA4Ig + AdOX4OIg + DST group showed lower cardiac pathological grade with much lower expression level of IL-2 and IFN-γ,and much longer heart survival time. Conclusion Combined blockade of OX40/ OX40L and CD28/B7 and donor specific spleen cell transfusion could induce rat cardiac graft tolerance.     

膀胱移行细胞癌COX-2表达与MVD检测的临床意义

采用免疫组化SP法对56例膀胱移行细胞癌、12例慢性膀胱炎、8例正常膀胱组织进行环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及微血管密度(M VD)检测。膀胱移行细胞癌组织的COX-2阳性表达率为75%,慢性膀胱炎及正常膀胱组织均为阴性。低分化、浸润性、有淋巴转移及复发癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率显著高于对应组(P<0.05)。56例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中M VD为36.97±10.23,并与COX-2表达呈正相关(P<0.05),但COX-2表达及M VD与肿瘤的数量、大小无关(P>0.05)。认为COX-2表达与M VD检测是辅助预测膀胱移行细胞癌患者预后的有益指标。     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾移植后自体上尿路上皮癌九例

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗肾移植术后尿路上皮癌的效果.方法 1130例肾移植受者中9例(0.8％,9/1130)发生自体上尿路上皮癌,其中右侧输尿管肿瘤2例,右侧肾盂肿瘤2例,左侧肾盂肿瘤2例,左侧输尿管上段肿瘤1例,双侧上尿路同时或先后发生肿瘤2例(1例为双侧输尿管肿瘤,1例为右侧输尿管肿瘤合并左侧肾盂肿瘤).9例中,男性1例,女性8例.左侧肾盂和输尿管肿瘤采用经腹膜后途径腹腔镜肾脏和输尿管全切联合经尿道电切的方法治疗.右侧上尿路肿瘤采用70°斜卧位经腹腔途径肾脏和输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除.术后通过膀胱灌注化疗.将钙调磷酸酶类免疫抑制剂转换为西罗莫司.结果 9例手术(包括2例双侧手术)均获得成功,术后病理检查结果均证实为尿路上皮癌.随访6个月至4年,未发现切口肿瘤种植转移.1例术后8个月死于尿路上皮癌肺转移,1例术后7个月发生乳腺癌,其他7例目前无瘤存活,肾功能均正常.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗肾移植术后自体尿路上皮癌效果较好,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点.左侧和右侧肿瘤应采用不同的手术方法.     

双肾盂双输尿管及膀胱癌1例报告

患者，女，63岁。3月前无明显诱因出现无痛性全程肉眼血尿，间歇性发作伴尿频，白天排尿为5～6次，夜间3～4次。体检无阳性体征。B超检查膀眈右侧壁探及一1．6cmX0．8cm凸向腔内的菜花样稍强回声团，基底宽，双肾未见异常，拟诊为膀优癌。膀优镜检查示膀脱右侧壁有一2．5cmX2．0cm菜花样肿物，有蒂，双输尿管口清晰，无喷血，诊断为膀脱癌。IVU及逆行输尿管肾益造影示双肾下极不规则充盈缺损，右侧为5．0cmX2．0cm，左侧为3．0cmXI·5cm；双输尿管下方近膀脱开口处分别见卵圆形充盈缺损，膀航右侧壁亦示一小充盈缺损。诊断：双肾孟癌、…     

华东制药产他克莫司在临床肾移植中的应用

目的 评估中美华东制药有限公司生产的他克莫司胶囊(赛氏Tac胶囊)在临床肾移植中应用的有效性及安全性.方法 采取多中心、随机开放性、前瞻性临床研究,按照入选标准和排除标准,来自9个移植中心的共计65例肾移植受者入选.人选受者的年龄为(36.53±5.71)岁,8例为亲属活体供肾,供肾冷缺血时间为(4.08±5.43)h,热缺血时间为(3.90±2.15)min,供、受者HLA抗原错配数为(2.1±0.8)个.受者肾移植后采用赛氏Tac胶囊+吗替麦考酚酯+皮质激素预防排斥反应,移植后48 h内给药,Tac的起始剂量为0.1～0.15 mg·kg-1·d-1,术后60 d内维持血Tac浓度谷值在8～12μg/L,之后维持在5～10μg/L,直至观察终点(术后12周).监测12周的治疗结果,并进行有效性和安全性的评价.主要有效性终点为发生经病理证实的急性排斥反应,次要有效性终点为移植肾或受者的存活情况以及肾功能(以血清肌酐水平评价).安全性评价指标为研究期间发生的感染、肝功能损害、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、多毛或痤疮等不良反应.结果术后第1、2、4、8和12周的Tac用量分别为(6.54±1.69)、(6.39±1.45)、(6.73±1.25)、(6.25±1.02)和(6.03±1.16)mg,对应的血药浓度谷值分别为(8.24±2.09)、(9.39±1.35)、(9.93±1.87)、(7.23±1.16)和(6.43±1.26)μg/L.观察期内经活检证实的急性排斥反应发生率为12.3%(8/65),6例经冲击治疗逆转,移植肾存活率为96.9%(63/65).研究期内受者的肺部感染发生率为7.6%,肝功能异常发生率为7.7%,高血压发生率为7.7%,高血脂发生率为4.6%,糖尿病发生率为4.6%.结论 赛氏Tac胶囊用于肾移植受者是安全、有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of Hangzhou tacrolimus capsule(Saishi Tac capsule, Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients. Methods Multicenter, randomized open-labeled, prospective controlled clinical trial was performed in de novo Chinese kidney transplant recipients. According to including and excluding criterions, 65 kidney recipients from 9 transplant centers were enrolled. The mean age of recipients was (36.53 ± 5.71 ) years, and 8 received living donor transplantion. The time of cold ischemia and warm ischemia was (4.08 ± 5.43) h and (3.90 ± 2.15) min respectively. The number of mismatched HLA was (2.1 ± 0.8). The recipients accepted Saishi Tac capsule + mycophenolate steroid 60 days, followed by 5-10 μg/L until the terminal observation time point (12 weeks after transplantation). The efficacy and safety were estimated during the period. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. Graft survival and renal function (evaluated by serum creatinine) were the secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events reported over the course of the study, such as infection, hepatic damage, hypertension, hyperlipema, diabetes mellitus and other adverse affairs.Results The dose of Tac at 1 st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week postoperation was (6.54 ± 1.69), (6.39 ±1.45),(6.73± 1.25), (6.25 ± 1.02) and (6.03 ± 1.16) mg, corresponding values to the C0 were (8.24±2.09),(9.39± 1.35),(9.93± 1.87),(7.23± 1.16) and (6.43± 1.26) μg/L. During 12weeks of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 12.3% (8/65), among which 6 cases were reversed by implosive therapy. The survival rate of graft kidney was 96.9% (63/65). The incidence of hypertension and hepatic damage was both 7.7% and morbidity of lung infection was 7.6%. There were 3 patients (4.6%) complicated with hyperlipema and diabetes mellitus respectively. Conclusion During the first 3 months of treatment Saishi Tac capsule was safe and effective to Chinese kidney transplant recipients.