下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择,分析前路支撑融合术对下腰椎骨折临床疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析1997年7月-2006年7月26例下腰椎骨折患者,其中男22例,女4例;年龄26～54岁,平均34岁.手术方法为Ⅰ期后路内固定、后外侧融合,2周后行前路自体髂骨支撑融合.影像学测量伤椎楔变指数(IVW)、伤椎Cobb角(α)、伤椎下终板与伤椎相邻上方椎体的上终板之间的夹角(β)及后凸Cobb角(γ).疗效评价采用腰痛评分法(low back outcome score, LBOS).结果 本组患者全部获得平均16个月(6～42个月)的随访.X线片示固定节段骨性融合,无假关节形成,自体髂骨植骨块无松动、脱出或椎间隙塌陷.IVW术前为0.6,术后为0.7,末次随访时为0.7;α术前为12°,术后为6°,末次随访时为6°;β术前为6°,术后为-5°,末次随访时为-4°;γ术前为-13°,术后为-22°,末次随访时为-21°.LBOS评分的优良率为93%.结论 前路支撑融合术的主要适应证为:(1)椎体粉碎较严重,前方椎体高度丢失50%以上,节段成角＞12°;(2) 椎板骨折移位或"嵌入"骨折椎板伴马尾神经卡压,后路短节段内固定减压术后,椎体高度恢复欠佳或残留后凸畸形;(3) 前路支撑融合可重建脊柱稳定性,恢复腰椎矢状面形态,明显降低后路内固定的并发症发生率,并能有效预防迟发性神经损害、创伤性后凸畸形及慢性腰痛.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗效果和影响因素评估

目的 评估女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗效果及影响因素.方法 2003年7月至2009年7月,完成支具治疗或因侧凸进展而行手术治疗的女性AIS患者142例,初诊时平均年龄为(13.1±1.5)岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.6°±5.4°,平均Risser征为(2.0±1.5)级.定义侧凸畸形进展为末次随访Cobb角大于初诊6°以上或治疗期间建议行矫形手术(Cobb 角＞45°),其余为非进展.根据侧凸进展或需手术治疗的比率来评估支具治疗效果.运用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析探讨影响支具治疗效果的因素.结果 平均支具治疗时间为(2.5±1.0)年.按照侧凸进展的定义,进展组为27例(19%),非进展组115例(81%);手术组病例18例(13%),因支具治疗而避免手术病例124例(87%).卡方检验发现侧凸进展组和手术组中以初诊年龄10.0～12.9岁、月经初潮未至、Risser征0～1级、初诊Cobb角＞30°以及胸弯型居多.Logistic回归分析发现月经初潮未至(P=0.000)和胸弯型(P=0.012)是支具治疗后侧凸进展的独立预测因素,而初诊Cobb角＞30°(P=0.022)是支具治疗期间因侧凸进展而需手术治疗的另一独立预测因素.结论 支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,而生长发育状态、侧凸严重程度和侧凸类型是影响支具疗效的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the outcomes of bracing treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to investigate the predictive factors of the protocol. Methods This study included 142 girls with AIS who finished standardized bracing treatment from July 2003 to July 2009. These patients had a mean age of 13.1±1.5 years, a mean main curve of 29.6°±5.4°, and a mean Risser grade of 2.0±1.5 before bracing treatment. Curve progression was defined that Cobb angle was greater than 6° compared to bracing initiation or was aggravated to more than 45° (indicative for surgery). The outcomes of bracing treatment were assessed based on the ratio of curves of progression or indicative for surgery. Chi-square and Logistic regression Analyses were performed to investigate the predictive factors of bracing treatment. Results The duration of bracing treatment averaged 2.5±1.0 years. Twenty-seven girls with curve progression (19%)and 115 girls (81%) with non-progression were found. Final curve which was greater than 45° was found in 18 girls (13%) who need a correction surgery, the remaining 124 girls (87%) had completed bracing treatment and avoided surgery. Chi-square analyses revealed that curve progression were more common in younger girls with lower Risser grade, with initial larger Cobb angle and with a main thoracic curve pattern.Logistic regression analyses found that premenarchal status and a main thoracic curve pattern were the independent risk factors of curve progression despite bracing. While initial Cobb angle which was greater than 30° was the additional independent risk factor of progression requiring surgery. Conclusion Bracing treatment could effectively prevent curve progression in most girls with AIS. The degree of growth maturity, the pattern and grade of curve are the influencing factor for bracing treatment.     

儿童胸腰椎结核性后弯畸形的临床评估及术式选择

目的 探讨如何根据儿童胸腰椎结核性后弯畸形的临床及影像特征,选择手术方式,防止后弯畸形进展及降低神经并发症发生率.方法 本组14例,男3例,女11例,年龄4～18岁,平均11.8岁.其中活动性结核性后弯畸形6例;静止性结核性后弯畸形8例.活动性结核性后弯畸形(6例)的手术方法 :①前路病灶清除、植骨融合术3例;②Ⅰ期后路经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形融合、Ⅱ期前路病灶清除植骨融合术3例.静止性结核性后弯畸形(8例)的手术方法 :①后路原位融合术3例;②后路全脊椎截骨矫形内固定融合术2例;③Ⅰ期后路经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形内固定融合术、Ⅱ期前路支撑融合3例.影像测量:在术前、术后及末次随访侧位X线片上测量后弯角(K)、畸形角(D).结果随访6～48个月,平均25个月.活动性结核患儿无结核复发、窦道形成及切口感染,无神经并发症.6例活动性结核性,后弯角(K)术前平均46°,术后平均20°,末次随访平均22°;畸形角(D)术前平均47°,术后平均25°,末次随访平均27°.8例静止性结核性后弯,后弯角(K)术前平均50°,术后平均44°,末次随访平均47°;畸形角(D)术前平均42°,术后平均34°,末次随访平均36°.结论 儿童胸腰椎结核性后弯畸形的术式选择应根据其自然史特征、病变累及范围及后弯畸形的病理阶段,采用个体化的手术策略,可以取得满意的疗效.     

针刀干预对帕金森病模型大鼠小胶质细胞及IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨针刀疗法治疗帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease,PD)的炎性作用机制。方法:将48只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刀组、电针组。采用立体定位技术将6-羟基多巴胺(6-DAOH)注入大鼠右侧纹状体制备PD大鼠模型。针刀组于枕下肌群和C1-2横突处进行松解干预,2次/周,连续4周;电针组选"百会""太阳"穴,由"百会"透刺"太阳"穴进行电针干预,3次/周,连续4周。采用HE染色光镜下观察神经元细胞形态、数目及小胶质细胞数目变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELisa)检测IL-1β的水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠损毁侧多巴胺能神经元细胞数目减少,小胶质细胞数目增多,IL-1β水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,针刀组和电针组大鼠损毁侧多巴胺能神经元细胞数目增多,小胶质细胞数目减少,IL-1β水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刀疗法可以改善多巴胺能神经元细胞的形态和数目,其机制可能是通过抑制小胶质细胞激活介导的炎性反应,降低炎性因子IL-1β的含量,从而治疗PD。     

脊柱前路手术髂前嵴取骨并发症相关分析

目的:探讨脊柱前路手术髂前嵴取骨的并发症发生情况。方法:回顾性分析2001年1月-2005年9月取髂骨行脊柱植骨融合术的154例患者,取骨部位均为髂前嵴,统计供骨区并发症,分析其相关因素。结果:术后随访时间均超过1年。28例(18.2%)患者发生不同程度的并发症,其中14例(9.1%)出现轻度并发症,12例(7.8%)出现中度并发症,2例(1.3%)出现重度并发症。127例(82.5%)患者接受了问卷调查,其中17例(13.4%)患者诉取骨处疼痛,疼痛自我感觉评分为1-6分(平均2分),其中3例(2.4%)患者需服用非甾体类抗炎药以减轻疼痛;7例(5.5%)患者诉取骨处有麻木感;无患者诉取骨处的疼痛及麻木感影响其日常活动;122例(96.1%)患者对供骨区切口外观满意。结论:髂前嵴取骨并发症中供骨区疼痛及麻木发生率较高,尤其是疼痛,应引起足够的重视。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.     

RANKL/QPG在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者低骨量发生机制中的作用

目的从骨髓间质干细胞（MSCs）水平探讨RANKL及OPG与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者骨量降低的关系。方法46例12-17岁志愿者分为2组,其中AIS组30例,年龄12-17岁,平均14.1岁。正常对照组16例,年龄12-17岁,平均14.7岁。AIS组Lenke1型14例,2型2例,3型6例,5型8例。2组均采用双能X线吸收测量仪测量BMD,测量部位包括非优势侧股骨近端及腰椎。分别从2组志愿者髂前上棘处骨穿刺抽取10ml骨髓,肝素抗凝。体外密度梯度离心法分离培养MSCs,扩增至P3代行表型鉴定,RT-PCR法检测2组MSCs中RANKL及OPG的 mRNA表达强度。结果AIS组腰椎（L2-L4）及股骨近端的BMD值明显低于正常对照组。AIS组RANKL的 mRNA表达显著强于对照组（P〈0.01）,而OPG的 mRNA表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论RANKL及OPG在MSCs水平表达强度的异常可能与AIS骨量降低的分子机制相关。     

性别对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者手术疗效的影响

目的:比较男女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者后路内固定融合术后及1～3年随访的矫形效果,探讨性别对AIS手术疗效的影响。方法:1999年～2004年在我院手术治疗的LenkeⅠ型AIS患者56例,女性35例,平均年龄15.4岁,平均Cobb角58.0°,术后平均随访22个月;男性21例,平均年龄16.0岁,平均Cobb角63.2°,术后平均随访20个月。所有患者均在全麻下行后路矫形内固定融合术,分别记录手术时间、失血量、输血量、固定节段数及并发症,分别测量术前、术后早期及末次随访时主弯Cobb角,比较两组患者的差异。结果:男女性患者平均手术时间分别为266min和258min,术中平均失血量分别为1689ml和1343ml,输血量分别为1148ml和919ml,固定节段数分别为10.9个和10.7个,并发症发生率分别为8.6%和19.0%,两组间无明显差异;术后平均Cobb角分别为26.4°和27.5°,平均矫正率分别为54%和56%,末次随访时平均Cobb角为27.3°和29.5°,平均矫正率分别为46%和45%,矫正丢失分别为4.3°和6.2°,两组比较无统计学差异。结论:男女性AIS患者在术后及1～3年随访的矫形效果、手术相关参数及并发症发生率均无明显差异,性别对AIS患者手术疗效无明显影响。