丙泊酚对脊髓横断大鼠镇静作用的影响

目的 观察丙泊酚对脊髓横断大鼠镇静作用的影响,并探讨其可能的机制.方法 30只雌性SD大鼠,随机分为三组:脊髓横断组(n=10)、假手术组(n=10)和正常对照组(n=10).静脉泵注丙泊酚,比较三组之间大鼠眼睑反射消失时丙泊酚的用量及所需的时间.结果 脊髓横断组大鼠眼睑反射消失的丙泊酚用量(6.34±0.85)mg/kg明显少于假手术组(11.24±1.09)mg/kg和正常对照组(10.76±1.14)mg/kg(P<0.0001);脊髓横断组大鼠眼睑反射消失所需时间(200±41)s也明显少于假手术组(494±46)s和正常埘照组(465±51)s(P<0.01).结论 脊髓横断可显著降低大鼠丙泊酚的镇静用量,可明显缩短大鼠眼睑反射消失时间,脊髓横断的镇静作用其可能的机制是去传人理论.     

Pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa: report of two cases and review of the literature

The coexistence of pyloric atresia (PA) and epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare but well-known surgical emergency in neonates. PA/EB is described by the association of atresia of the pylorus and bullous lesions on the skin. Ninety one cases have been reported in the literature to date. We present two new cases and evaluate the association of PA/ EB, its etiopathogenesis and the clinical properties. Case 1: A three-day-old female presented with nonbilious vomiting and bullous lesions 2-3 cm in diameter on the extremities. Abdominal X-ray showed a single air-fluid level in the left upper quadrant. At laparotomy, we found PA and performed a pyloro-pylorostomy. The patient died due to sepsis complication of EB two months after surgery. Case 2: A two-day-old male presented with severe dermal bullous lesions on the trunk, neck and extremities. His stomach was dilated and there was no gas distally. We found PA and performed gastroduodenostomy. Initially, he tolerated the feeding well, but he died due to severe sepsis on the postoperative 23rd day. Almost all neonates born with the PA/EB result in a fatal outcome in the first few years. The complications related to EB are usually the cause of death. Even after successful repair of PA, skin lesions lead to death due to infection.     

Acquired haemophilia complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous iliopsoas muscle haematoma in a woman with chronic C hepatitis under treatment with pegylated IFN alpha 2a and ribavirin

Acquired haemophilia A is a very rare (1-2 cases per million people) but often life-threatening haemorrhagic disorder characterized by antibodies directed against coagulation factor VIII. We report the case of a 55-year old woman under treatment with Pegylated alpha 2a interferon (IFN) and Ribavirin for chronic viral C hepatitis, who developed a progressive severe haemorrhagic syndrome diagnosed as acquired haemophilia based on supplementary laboratory data (prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, extremely low factor VIII level - 1%, high titre of factor VIII inhibitor - 30 Bethesda U/ml).The onset was insidious, about three months before presenting to our unit. Antiviral therapy had been stopped three weeks before current admission. Emergency intensive treatment included: haemostatic agents - rFVII (Novoseven), FEIBA (Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity), vitamin K, adrenostazin, cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, as well as immunosuppressive therapy (high dose corticotherapy and cyclophoshamide), immunoglobulins (Humaglobin), prophylactic PPI and antibiotics. The evolution was slowly favourable with the remission of the haemorrhagic syndrome and regression of the iliopsoas muscle haematoma. Clinicians should be aware that acquired forms of haemophilia do exist, representing a rare diagnosis and a therapeutic challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired haemophilia in Romania, in a patient with chronic viral C hepatitis under antiviral treatment.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征1例

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(Sleep Apnea Syndromes,SAS)是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压病的独立危险因素[1,2]本文对冠状动脉移植术(CABG)后并发SAS 1例分折报告如下.     

Prevalence and natural course of craniocervical junction anomalies during growth in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta

Pathology in the craniocervical junction is a serious complication of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Our aim was to analyze the prevalence and natural course of craniocervical junction anomalies in patients with OI during growth. In a one-center retrospective study, we analyzed lateral skull radiographs and midsagittal magnetic resonance images of 76 patients with either type I, III, or IV OI. The material included longitudinal series of 31 patients. In total, 150 patient images taken at ages 0 to 39 years were analyzed and compared with age-matched control data. Craniocervical anomalies were observed in 37% of patients and in all OI types studied. Of the three types of anomalies, basilar invagination was seen in 13%, basilar impression in 15%, and platybasia in 29% of the patients. From those with an abnormal finding, 44% displayed more than one type of anomaly. At a group level, we found no evidence of progression of craniocervical junction pathology with age. We provide longitudinal and cross-sectional data on craniocervical junction dimensions in growing patients with OI and, based on those, suggest a radiological management strategy for diagnosis of cranial base pathology. A higher risk of having any of the pathological conditions was associated with a lower height Z-score. Careful follow-up of cranial base anomalies particularly in subjects with OI and severe growth failure is warranted.     

低温对沙土鼠单侧脑缺血的保护作用

目的：观察低温干预对沙土鼠单侧脑缺血后氨基酸递质的影响。方法：16只蒙古沙土鼠随机分为常温［直肠温度(37.0±0.2)℃］和低温［直肠温度(32.0±0.2)℃］组。右侧颈内动脉钳夹30 min，用脑内微透析和高效液相色谱法测定右侧海马CA1区胞外氨基酸递质含量。结果：低温明显抑制了细胞外谷氨酸、甘氨酸浓度的升高，使兴奋毒性指数显著降低。结论：低温对脑缺血的保护机制之一可能是降低了神经细胞的兴奋毒性指数。     

Clindamycin vs. first-generation cephalosporins for acute osteoarticular infections of childhood--a prospective quasi-randomized controlled trial

No sufficiently powered trial has examined two antimicrobials in acute osteoarticular infections of childhood. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, quasi-randomized trial in Finland, comparing clindamycin with first-generation cephalosporins. The age of patients ranged between 3 months and 15 years, and all cases were culture-positive. We assigned antibiotic treatment intravenously for the first 2-4 days, and continued oral treatment with clindamycin 40 mg/kg/24 h or first-generation cephalosporin 150 mg/kg/24 h in four doses. Surgery was kept to a minimum. Subsiding symptoms and signs and normalization of C-reactive protein (CRP) level were preconditions for the discontinuation of antimicrobials. The main outcome was full recovery without further antimicrobials because of an osteoarticular indication during 12 months after therapy. The intention-to-treat analysis comprised 252 children, 169 of whom were analysed per-protocol: 82 cases of osteomyelitis, 80 of septic arthritis, and seven of osteomyelitis-arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus strains (all methicillin-sensitive) caused 84% of the cases. Except for one non-serious sequela during convalescence in both groups, and two late infections caused by dissimilar agents in one child, all patients recovered. The entire courses (medians) of clindamycin and cephalosporin lasted for 23 and 24 days, respectively. CRP normalized in both groups in 9 days. The patients were discharged, on average, on day 10. Loose stools were reported less often (1%) in the clindamycin group than in the cephalosporin group (7%), but two clindamycin recipients developed rash. Clindamycin or a first-generation cephalosporin, administered mostly orally, perform equally well in childhood osteoarticular infections, provided that high doses and administration four times daily are used. As most methicillin-resistant staphylococci remain clindamycin-sensitive, clindamycin remains an option instead of costly alternatives.     

The clinical significance of lymph node size in colon cancer

To date, the clinical value of lymph node size in colon cancer has been investigated only in a few studies. Only in radiological diagnosis is lymph node size routinely recognized, and nodes ≥10?mm in diameter are considered pathologic. However, the few studies regarding this topic suggest that lymph node size is not a reliable indicator of metastatic disease. Moreover, we hypothesized that increasing lymph node size is associated with favorable outcome. By performing a morphometric study, we investigated the clinical significance of lymph node size in colon cancer in terms of metastatic disease and prognosis. A cohort of 237 cases with excellent lymph node harvest (mean lymph node count: 33±17) was used. The size distribution in node-positive and -negative cases was almost identical. In all, 151 out of the 305 metastases detected (49.5%) were found in lymph nodes with diameters ≤5?mm. Only 25% of lymph nodes >10?mm showed metastases. Minute lymph nodes ≤1?mm were involved only very rarely (2 of 81 cases). In 67% of the cases, the largest positive lymph node was <10?mm. The prognostic relevance of lymph node size was investigated in a subset of 115 stage I/II cases. The occurrence of ≥7 lymph nodes that were >5?mm in diameter was significantly associated with better overall survival. Our data show that lymph node size is not a suitable factor for preoperative lymph node staging. Minute lymph nodes have virtually no role in correct histopathological lymph node staging. Finally, large lymph nodes in stage I/II disease might indicate a favorable outcome.