HIV感染者体内抗小分子多肽抗体与病情发展的初步研究

目的 研究HIv感染者体内抗—R7v含量与病情发展的关系。方法 用ELISA、中和沉淀等方法检测HIv感染者、长期生存者、艾滋病患者等的抗—R7v含量。结果 抗—R7v检出率在无症状组和长期生存组较高，在进展者和艾滋病患者中较低，溶解处理标本后抗—R7v含量及阳性率明显提高。结论 抗—R7V主要通过于扰HIV与CCB5、CxCR4结合，使HIV不能进入CD4^ T淋巴细胞内，并阻止病毒的复制。     

THE EFFECT OF ANISODAMINE ON THE MICROVASCULAR PERMEABILITY OF THE LUNGS DURING ARDS

INTRODUCTIONAdultRespiratoryDistressSyndrome(ARDS)isanacuteprogressiverespiratoryfailurecausedbymanyreasons.Thetherapeuticactionofthissyndromeisuncertain,becausethemechanismisnotwellknown.Thatis,theprognosisiscritical,themortailityisquiteheigh(50%f)ti--63'Butintherecenttenyears,manyscholarsinourcountryhavehadmuchexperienceintheaspectofusinganisodaminetorescueARDSpatientsandhavedecreasedthemortality(')'Howeveverthescholarsexplaintheprincipleofitindifferentways'Thechangesofmicrovascula…     

Recruitment of fibre types and quadriceps muscle portions during repeated, intense knee-extensor exercise in humans

To investigate recruitment of slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) muscle fibres, as well as the involvement of the various quadriceps femoris muscle portions during repeated, intense, one-legged knee-extensor exercise, 12 healthy male subjects performed two 3-min exercise bouts at ~110% maximum thigh O₂ consumption (EX1 and EX2) separated by 6 min rest. Single-fibre metabolites were determined in successive muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle (n=6) and intra-muscular temperatures were continuously measured at six quadriceps muscle sites (n=6). Creatine phosphate (CP) had decreased (P<0.05) by 27, 73 and 88% in ST fibres and 25, 71 and 89% in FT fibres after 15 and 180 s of EX1 and after 180 s of EX2, respectively. CP was below resting mean–1 SD in 15, 46, 84 and 100% of the ST fibres and 9, 48, 85 and 100% of the FT fibres at rest, after 15 and 180 s of EX1 and after 180 s of EX2, respectively. A significant muscle temperature increase (T_m) occurred within 2–4 s at all quadriceps muscle sites. T_m varied less than 10% between sites during EX1, but was 23% higher (P<0.05) in the vastus lateralis than in the rectus femoris muscle during EX2. T_m in the vastus lateralis was 101 and 109% of the mean quadriceps value during EX1 and EX2, respectively. We conclude that both fibre types and all quadriceps muscle portions are recruited at the onset of intense knee-extensor exercise, that essentially all quadriceps muscle fibres are activated during repeated intense exercise and that metabolic measurements in the vastus lateralis muscle provide a good indication of the whole-quadriceps muscle metabolism during repeated, intense, one-legged knee-extensor exercise.     

生物系统中的物理学和尺寸效应

在微波炉还未普及以前,我的一位给初级中学女生上烹调课的朋友常常说到这样一个故事:有一次她在上课一开始,就告诉学生将她们要使用的烹调配方量减去一半,以免在课程结束她们尝过自己的烹调产品后,有大量的食物剩下来,造成浪费。但是快要下课时,她叫学生们去尝尝各自烧的饭菜,结果谁也没有做好。经过询问,教师才知道学生将炉子温度和烹调时间也都减少了一半。这就是称作“比例效应”或“尺寸效应”的一个生动例子。我们将会看到,掌握比例规     

Induction of APOBEC3G in human hepatoma cells by interferon-α stimulation

To clarify the role of APOBEC3G (A3G) in cellular defense against hepatitis B virus ( HBV), the expression of A3G in normal human liver and the regulation of the A3G expression in hep-atoma cell line (HuH-7) were investigated. Expression level of APOBEC3s mRNA in human liver was determined by RT-PCR. HuH-7 and HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of IFN-α(0 U/ml, 100 U/ml, 500 U/ml, 1000 U/ml)for 12 h. The mRNA levels were measured by a quantitative RT-PCR, the results were normalized relative to the specimens without IFN-αstimulation. Total protein of HuH-7 cells treated with various concentrations of IFN-αfor 48 h was subjected to Western blot analysis. For reporter gene assay, HuH-7 cells were transfected with the reporter plasmids containing IRF-E sites and its mutants with different lengths. Then the cells were treated with or without 1200 U/ml IFN-a for additional 12 h (1000 U/ml) after 24 h of transfection, and the cell lysate was prepared and assayed for luciferase activity. It was found that normal human liver expressed the mRNA of A3G. A3G mRNA expression in HuH-7 and HepG2 cells were up-regulated by IFN-αstimulation in a dose-depen-dent manner. Western blot analysis indicated that A3G protein expression was also enhanced by IFN-αstimulation. Sequence analysis showed the existence of putative sites of IFN regulatory factor element (IRF-E) in 5' region of A3G gene upstream the initiation codon. IFN-αstimulation results in 6- to 8-fold increase in luciferase activity in cells transfected with the plasmid containing IRF-E sites of the 5' upstream sequences, whereas luciferase activity did not change in cells transfected with the plasmid containing mutant IRF-E sites or without IRF-E sites. As a conclusion, A3G are expressed in normal human liver. A3G expression was up-regulated by IFN-αstimulation in hepatoma cells and could be involved in host defense mechanisms against HBV. ERF-E site in 5' region of AP0BEC3G gene upstream the initiation codon plays an important role in this process.     

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase induced by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Ureaplasma urealyticum is regulated by nuclear factor κB-mediated mechanism in murine macrophages

U.urealyticumisthesmallestprokaryoticorgan ismcapableofself replication.Thetinymicroor ganismcouldbeisolatedfromurogenital,placen tasandtherespiratorytractsofpreterminfants.Moreover,U.urealyticuminfectionmaybein volvedinnon specificurethritis(NSU),prostati tis,postpartumfever,infertility,pelvicinflamma torydisease,neonatalpneumoniaandevenchronic lungdisease(CLD)[1].ItisknownthatU.urealyticumlackscellwallstructureandcontains abundantmembraneproteins,butitspathogenicity isstillunknownclearly.…     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

愈心梗液保护急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞和线粒体超微结构及抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的观察愈心梗液保护大鼠急性心肌梗死（AMI）后状动脉造成实验性AMI心力衰竭模型，并使之长期存活。造模成心力衰竭心肌细胞及线粒体超微结构和抗氧化的作用。方法结扎Wistar大鼠冠功后，大鼠随机分为7组，每组10只，即空白组、假手术（只穿刺不结扎）组、模型组、开搏通组、愈心梗液大、中、小剂量组。各给药组于手术即日起开始灌胃给药，连续4周。4周后麻醉处死大鼠．心脏组织切片处理后通过电镜和光镜观察心肌细胞及线粒体的形态结构及测定心肌细胞的横截面积、周长，同时测定大鼠心肌组织和血清中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果动物造模4周后，大鼠心肌细胞中心肌纤维排列杂乱，图像系统测量显示心肌细胞横截面积增大、周长增加。与模型组比较，愈心梗液大、中剂量可显著降低大鼠心肌细胞横截面积、周长和直径（和模型比较，P〈0．01）。减少大鼠心肌组织和血清中MDA的含量和升高SOD的含量。结论愈心梗液可抑制大鼠AMI后心肌细胞的代偿性增大，保护线粒体结构的相对完整性，提高大鼠的抗氧化能力，干预AMI大鼠心室重构VR的病理过程，有改善AMI后心力衰竭的作用。     

两例补体第8成份β亚基缺陷家系患者的进一步分子遗传基础研究

目的　在白人群体中 ,导致人类补体第 8成份 β亚基缺陷的分子基础主要是在编码 β亚基基因的第 9外显子上发生碱基 C→ T的突变 ,从而形成终止密码 ,导致 C8β亚基不能完全合成。国外学者在两例 C8β亚基完全缺失的患者家系研究中 ,发现这两例β亚基缺失个体只是第 9外显子上碱基 C→ T突变的杂合子 ,现进一步寻找这两例 C8β亚基完全缺失的分子遗传学机理。方法　对两例 C8β亚基完全缺失患者的 C8β编码基因的全部 11个外显子的 PCR扩增产物进行 DNA测序分析并与正常人 DNA序列进行对比。结果　两例完全性 C8β亚基缺失患者的蛋白质编码基因中 ,分别在第 3外显子的 2 98和 388位置发现了 C→T突变 ,同时对这两个突变位点的家系分析也证实 ,位于第 3外显子上的这两个突变位点是独立于第 9外显子的突变而遗传。结论　所发现的两个突变位点均能形成终止密码而导致 C8β亚基合成提前终止 ,因此这两例患者 C8β亚基完全缺失的分子遗传学机理是由于编码 C8β亚基的基因在第 3和第 9外显子上同时发生了点突变 ,进而形成终止密码造成 C8β亚基合成终止所致。     

胫骨外侧髁骨折塌陷对关节轴线及接触压力的影响

目的:研究在胫骨外侧髁骨折中关节面塌陷和外侧半月板切除对膝关节轴线、接触面积及压力的影响。方法:6个新鲜尸体膝关节标本制成胫骨外侧髁劈裂骨折模型,通过使用支撑垫片制成关节面塌陷0、1、2、4和6mm。膝关节在屈膝0°,负荷500N和屈膝30°,负荷350N。通过数码相机记录关节轴线的变化;而关节内外间隙的压力和压力扩散则由F-Scan感应器记录。每个标本在保留和切除外侧半月板下进行测试。结果:随着关节面塌陷高度的增加,膝关节外翻角度、外侧间隙的平均和最大的接触压力逐渐增加,而接触面积则逐渐减少。在屈膝0°,关节面塌陷6mm时,外翻角度平均增加7.6°,平均接触压力和最大接触压力分别增加208%和97%;而接触面积则减少33%。在同一关节面塌陷高度,切除半月板平均增加38%的外翻角度和外侧间隙45%的接触压力;而接触面积则减少26%。结论:研究结果表明在治疗胫骨外髁劈裂骨折中,减少关节面的塌陷十分重要,特别是在需切除半月板的时候。