儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

目的 探讨儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折的特点、治疗及预后.方法 1995年1月至2007年12月,胫骨结节骨骺骨折患儿28例,其中资料完整者25例,男23例,女2例;年龄12～16岁.平均13.5岁;左侧10例,右侧15例,均为单侧受累.损伤方式:打篮球时受伤10例,跳跃时受伤7例,踢足球时受伤8例.根据Ogden分型标准,1A型1例,1B型4例,2A型5例,2B型7例,3A型4例,3B型4例.除1例1A型患儿骨折采用闭合复位长腿石膏前后托固定外,余24例均采用切开复位拉力螺钉内固定.结果 所有患儿均获得随访,随访时间14个月～7年,平均43个月.术后3个月患儿膝关节活动范围0°～140°,术后6个月恢复伤前运动水平.按照Mosier临床评价标准,结果均为优.所有病例手术切口均一期愈合,均未发生胫前间室综合征.骨折愈合时间2～5个月,平均3个月,伸膝装置序列正常,无一例患儿发生切口感染、内固定物失效或肢体畸形.结论 儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折是一种不常见的特殊类型的骺损伤.在伸膝装置突然加速或减速的运动中,当髌韧带的牵拉力超过胫骨结节骨骺、周围软骨膜以及邻近骨膜的结合力时,就会发生胫骨结节的骨骺骨折.该骨折多见于13～16岁的男性患儿,单侧发病为主;可采用拉力螺钉内固定治疗,术后患儿膝关节功能正常.     

儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路手术治疗成人C型肱骨髁间骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨C型肱骨髁问骨折经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路手术治疗的临床疗效。方法对16例肱骨髁间C型骨折,采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定。男9例,女6例;年龄18～72岁,平均36．9岁。结果对本组患者随访3—36个月,骨折及尺骨鹰嘴截骨均未发现不愈合。按照Mayo评分为0～100分,平均81．25分,优8例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的疗效满意,截骨方法对术后功能无明显影响。坚强固定和早期功能锻炼有利于肢体功能恢复,是治疗肱骨髁间骨折的首选方法之一。     

体外震波治疗骨不愈的临床价值

目的评价体外震波治疗骨不愈的临床价值.方法回顾性分析26例骨折不愈合患者应用体外震波治疗的临床资料.治疗前及治疗后每月进行X线检查,了解骨折愈合情况.治疗3个月后如无明显骨痂生长,则再行一次震波治疗.结果体外震波治疗后,21例患者有较明显的骨痂生长,其中19例骨折最终愈合,骨折愈合时间为10～21周,平均14周.治疗总有效率为80.8%,治愈率为73.1%.未观察到神经血管损伤等严重并发症.结论体外震波治疗骨不愈疗效可靠,创伤小,方法简单安全,可作为治疗骨不愈的首选方法.     

双钢板内固定与入工全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨髁间C型骨折的早期疗效比较

目的 比较老年肱骨髁间C型骨折应用双钢板内固定与人工全肘关节置换术的疗效.方法 2003年4月至2009年9月,采用双钢板内固定或人工全肘关节置换术治疗新鲜老年肱骨髁间骨折42例,骨折分型均为AO分型C型.对其中随访资料较完整的22例进行回顾性分析.双钢板内固定10例,男5例,女5例;年龄60～70岁,平均63.2岁;1例Gustilo Ⅰ型开放骨折,余9例均为闭合性骨折.人工全肘关节置换术12例,均为女性;年龄60～74岁,平均65.2岁;均为闭合性骨折.术后1、2、3、6个月、1年进行复查,之后每年复查1次.采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)进行评估,观察术后肘关节屈伸活动度、功能评分、优良率及并发症.结果 双钢板内固定组随访8～56个月,平均27.6个月;人工全肘关节置换组随访15～54个月,平均28.2个月.双钢板内固定组平均屈伸范围84.5°,人工全肘关节置换组平均屈伸范围107.5°,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.007);双钢板内固定组MEPS评分平均75.5分,人工全肘关节置换组平均87.9分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);双钢板内固定组MEPS优良率60%,人工全肘关节置换组MEPS优良率83.3%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.348).双钢板内固定组术后并发症包括2例尺神经炎,2例异位骨化;人工全肘关节置换组术后并发症包括1例尺神经炎,1例肱三头肌肌力减弱,1例异位骨化.结论 对老年肱骨髁间C型骨折,一期行人工全肘关节置换术较双钢板内固定能获得更好的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) for type C inter-condylar fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly. Methods Twenty-two patients who were treated with ORIF or TEA from April 2003 to September 2009 were included in the study. All fractures were OTA classification 13C. Among them, 10 patients who were treated with ORIF were follow up for 8-56 months, while 12 patients who were treated with TEA were followed up for 15-54 months. The Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and the complications were compared. Results Using the MEPS, there were 2 in excellent, 4 in good, 4 in fair in the patients treated with ORIF. Complications included heterotopic ossifications (2 cases) and ulnar nerve dysfunction (2 cases).There were 6 in excellent, 4 in good, 2 in fair in the patients treated with TEA. Complications included 1heterotopic ossification (1 case), ulnar nerve dysfunction (1 case), the weakness of musculus triceps brachii (1 case). The patients treated with TEA had significantly better range of motion (107.5° vs 84.5°, P=0.007),also had better MEPS (87.9 vs 75.5, P=0.047) than those with ORIF had ones. Conclusion TEA is a liable option for type C inter-condylar fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly.     

Stoppa入路在骨盆髋臼骨折中的初步应用

目的 探讨在骨盆髋臼骨折中采用耻骨联合上缘横形或下腹正中切口,真骨盆内操作(Stoppa人路)的初步临床经验. 方法对2008年3月至11月问应用Stoppa入路治疗的10例骨盆髋臼骨折患者进行总结.5例骨盆患者均为Tile C型,Stoppa入路复位同定前环的高位耻骨支骨折.髋臼骨折为横行2例,双柱、T型及后柱(四边体粉碎骨折伴中心脱位)骨折各1例,单纯Stoppa入路2例,联合Kocher-Langenbeck及髂腹股沟入路3例. 结果所有骨盆骨折均复位优,所有髋臼骨折均解剖复位.Stoppa入路平均切口长度10 cm(9～12 cm),平均手术时间88 min(75～105 min),半均出血560 mL(250～800 mL),无手术并发症.7例获得4～8个月随访,功能结果均满意. 结论 Stoppa入路可以替代髂腹股沟入路治疗高位耻骨支骨折,也可单独或联合其他入路治疗髋臼骨折,具有操作简单、并发症少的优点.     

肘关节外源性挛缩的治疗(上)

有许多原因可造成肘关节僵硬,其病因和病理生理学机制决定了其治疗及预后,临床上以创伤后的肘关节僵硬是最为常见.可分为外源性、内源性及混合性[1].     

儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.     

肘关节侧副韧带的解剖及临床意义

肘关节是人体内对合最好的关节之一,在一个关节囊内,肱骨、尺骨和桡骨组成了三个关节。组成关节的骨性结构、侧副韧带及周围软组织为肘关节提供了稳定性。内侧副韧带(MCL)可对抗外翻应力,并对肱尺关节提供支撑,MCL功能不全时可出现肘内侧疼痛及外翻松驰。外侧副韧带(LCL)为肱骨、环状韧带(AL)及尺骨近端提供了稳定,以维持前臂近端与肱骨滑车和肱骨小头之间的正常关系。LCL功能不全相对少见,也没有特殊的运动方式容易发生LCL损伤,临床上可表现为后外侧旋转不稳定。