经皮椎体成形术治疗枢椎转移瘤一例报告

经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)目前广泛应用于椎体骨质疏松性骨折或转移性肿瘤椎体破坏的椎体强化治疗.最早由Galibert等[1]于1987年将其应用于枢椎椎体血管瘤的治疗.颈椎结构复杂,手术难度大,并发症相对较多,且颈椎骨质疏松性骨折少见,因此关于PVP应用于颈椎的文献报道远少于胸腰椎[2-3].寰枢椎位置较高,前方为下颌骨,两侧为腮腺及颈动脉鞘结构,经皮穿刺难度大,如发生并发症后果严重,甚至危及患者生命.我科对1例乳腺癌枢椎椎体转移患者成功实施了PVP手术.     

经皮微创锁定加压钢板置入内固定治疗新鲜胫骨远端骨折32例

背景：传统钢板置入内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折过程中为保证骨折解剖复位,需广泛剥离骨膜直接暴露骨折端,常造成伤口愈合不良、感染和骨延迟愈合等不良后果。 目的：观察经皮微创锁定加压钢板置入内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的效果。 方法：选择新鲜胫骨远端骨折患者32例,男26 例,女6 例,年龄18~76 岁,均采取闭合复位,小切口手术入路置入胫骨远端锁定加压钢板置入内固定治疗。置入后随访行X射线检查,采用Johner-Wruhs评分评估治疗效果。 结果与结论：30例平均随访16个月,骨折均获愈合,临床平均愈合时间14周;其中外踝手术切口浅表感染2例,皮肤刺激症状4例,螺钉断裂1例(术前X射线片无法诊断断裂),钢板远端断裂1例,腓浅神经损伤1例。按Johner-Wruhs评分法,功能优22例,良6例,中2例,优良率为93%。说明经皮微创锁定加压钢板置入内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折创伤小、不良反应少、固定牢固、骨折愈合率高、符合生物学固定原则。     

Digital measurement of bone tumor volume by CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology

<正>Objective With the unique properties of Au nano-particles,a nano-piezoelectric immunosensor microarray was designed using AT-cut 10 Hz quartz crystal to detect blood sialoprotein (BSP) expression from clinical serum.Methods Monoclonal     

Clinical features of neoplastic pathological fracture in long bones

Background  Pathological fractures signify a potentially more aggressive subset of the original disease with higher misdiagnosis rates and inferior oncologic results. The purpose of the present study was to explore the clinical features of neoplastic pathological fracture in extremities.

Methods  From August 2002 to December 2010, a consecutive series of 139 patients suffering neoplastic pathological fracture were recruited, including 79 males and 60 females with a mean age of 31.3 years. Fractures were classified into five groups: tumor-like lesions (55), benign bone tumors (13), giant cell tumors (7), primary malignant bone tumors (28), and metastatic bone tumors (36). Based on their inducing forces, pathologic fractures were classified into four grades: spontaneous fracture, functional fracture, minor injury, and traumatic injury. Patients’ age, fracture site, histological diagnoses, fracture forces, prodromes, and misdiagnosis were well reviewed. Kruskal-Wallis and c² tests were used to compare forces and prodromes within different types of bone tumors.

Results  The highest pathologic fracture morbidity was 32.3% (45/139), which lay in the 11–20 year group, and 86.1% of metastatic tumors occurred in the 50–80 year group. The common sites of fractures were femur, humerus, and tibia. The fracture forces in benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions are the strongest, followed by metastatic tumors and primary malignant bone tumors (H_C=80.980, P=0.000). Sixty-seven patients (48.2%) had local prodromes before pathologic fracture. The incidence rates of prodromes between primary malignant tumors and metastatic bone tumors had no significant difference (P=0.146), but they were all obviously higher than that of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. Twenty patients experienced misdiagnosis.

Conclusion  Minor injury forces and local prodromes are clinical features of neoplastic pathologic fractures and they are also the critical factor avoiding misdiagnoses.

     

经皮椎体成形术的实验研究与临床应用

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)灌注剂的调配方法与热效应及其临床效果。方法 （1）用Palacos骨水泥加入适量造影剂调配灌注剂，将实验组和对照组制成圆柱形标本，测量聚合反应时温度变化，并行生物力学测试。（2）①用灌注剂在20只犬80个椎体上行PVP，术后CT扫描，于第1、2d分别随机取5只犬尸检，其余10只观察4周；②在5只猪10个椎体上取圆柱形骨块，形成空腔并注入灌注剂，测量灌注剂中心，边缘，椎体前缘，椎管前缘的温度变化，2周后取材观察灌注剂周缘骨组织坏死情况。（3）应用PVP治疗有疼痛症状的脊椎血管瘤，脊柱溶骨性转移瘤和骨髓瘤及脊椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折26例共35个椎体，术后行CT检查。结果 （1）骨水泥单体、粉末和造影剂按5ml:6g:1ml的比例调匀后，可保持易于注射的稀薄糊状5min左右，且透视下显影清晰，灌注剂聚合放热过程和力学特性与对照组差异均无显著性意义。（2）①20只犬行PVP后均未发现肺栓塞表现，CT示椎管内常有渗漏，这与犬椎体的形态有关；②猪椎体内灌注剂平均最高中心温度为70.5℃，边缘为53.5℃，椎体前缘为40.8℃，椎管前缘为40.5℃，术后病理示灌注剂周缘有散在的骨细胞坏死灶，（3）26例PVP术后均未出现肺栓塞，神经损伤等并发症，术后CT示5例7个椎体存在渗漏，其中3例3个椎体椎管内有少量渗漏，1例1个椎体椎间孔有少量渗漏，3例4个椎体有椎旁少量渗漏，均未引起临床症状；血管瘤和骨折患者术后住院1-4d(平均1.6d)；22例随访6-24个月，其中19例疼痛明显减轻或消失，2例部分缓解，1例肝癌脊柱转移患者疼痛缓解后又加重，与其它病椎有关。结论 PVP为疼痛性脊椎血管瘤，脊柱溶骨性转移瘤和骨髓瘤，脊椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折提供了一种较好的微创治疗方法。     

原发性骨恶性淋巴瘤

目的 原发性骨恶性淋巴瘤少见,本文拟探讨其临床特点及治疗方法。方法 本组１３例,男１０例,女３例,年龄１７￣５６岁,平均４１．２岁。脊柱５例,骨盆２例,肱骨２例,股骨２例,胫骨１例,肩胛骨１例。疼痛为共同表现,脊柱病变者均有不同程度的神经受损症状。Ｘ线检查：５例脊柱病变中,３例呈溶骨必改变,２例成骨型,有４例合并椎间隙变窄,３例椎体楔形变。发生于四肢者,有４例为溶骨性改变,１例为成骨型表现,３例表     

经皮椎体成形术治疗症状性脊椎血管瘤

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutanous vertebroplasty，PVP)治疗症状性脊椎血管瘤的临床效果。方法 共11例患者，男2例，女9例；年龄35-77岁，平均54.3岁；均有背部疼痛等症状,其中2例有神经根刺激症状；病变部位：胸椎11处，腰椎3处；在DSA或CT监测下对16个稚体(包括2处骨质疏松压缩骨折)行PVP。术后行CT检查。随访3-34个月（平均15.2个月)。结果 11例PVP后均未出现肺栓塞、神经损伤等并发症，术后CT检查示均无推管内或椎间孔渗漏。仅2例2椎存在椎旁少量渗漏，1椎系穿刺针穿破椎体前缘所致，1椎系沿稚旁静脉充盈所致，均未引起临床症状。术后患者背部疼痛均明显减轻或消失，神经根刺激症状消失。首例患者术后疼痛-过性加重，3d内好转、疼痛减轻，考虑与局部炎症有关。术后住院1-4d(平均15d)。随访时症状缓解或消失，与术后相比无明显变化。结论 PVP为症状性脊椎血管瘤提供了一种较好的微创治疗方法。     

基于CT三维重建技术数字化测量腔性骨肿瘤体积

目的 探讨基于CT三维重建图像分割技术运用数字化技术测量腔性骨肿瘤体积.方法 2010年1月至8月,收集20例腔性骨肿瘤患者的多层螺旋CT扫描的薄层原始数据(DICOM格式),男11例,女9例.术前将原始数据导入数字化骨科临床研究平台系统(SuperImage orthopedics edition 1.1,Cybermed Ltd),通过该系统的三维图像分割技术、自由剖面选择技术、区域充填及三维组合式测量技术计算腔性骨肿瘤体积及骨肿瘤最大径;术中通过水溶剂法或骨水泥法实测骨肿瘤体积;术后再通过公式法计算骨肿瘤体积.数字化技术测量方法由天津医院、同济医院各自完成,并取均值.结果 应用数字化测量法、实体肿瘤测量法、公式计算法测量出的腔性骨肿瘤体积值平均为(14.92±7.34)mm3、(16.65±6.95)mm3、(34.29±15.70)mm3;其中数字化测量法与实体肿瘤测量法所测得体积数据差异无统计学意义,而实体肿瘤测量与公式计算法所测体积数据差异有统计学意义.实体肿瘤体积值与肿瘤最大径值之间的相关系数r=0.325(P=0.162),肿瘤体积与肿瘤直径之间的线性相关性不明显.结论 应用数字化体积测量技术可较为精准、高效、可重复性地测量腔性骨肿瘤的体积.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the measurement of bone tumor volume on the basis of three dimensional images segmentation technology. Methods Twenty patients with lacunar bone tumor from Tianjin hospital and Tongji hospital were included in the study from January 2010 to August 2010. There were 11 males and 9 females. Each patient was exposed to spiral CT preoperatively. Then these primitive CT dates were imported into digital orthopedics clinical research platform (SuperImage orthopedics edition 1.1, Cybermed Ltd). The volume and maximum diameter of bone tumor were measured before operation by three-dimensional reconstruction technology. The actual tumor volume was measured during the operation. The tumor volume was also calculated from plain X-rays and CT scans as ellipsoidal or cylindrical depending on the tumor configuration and presence or absence of a soft tissue component. Results The tumor volume was measured to be (14.92±7.34) mm3, (16.65±6.95) mm3 and (34.29±15.70) mm3 using three-dimensional reconstruction technology, intraoperative elevation, and traditional radiograph measurement separately. It was found that there was no difference regarding the outcomes of measurement between three-dimensional reconstruction technology and gross intraoperative measurement. But obvious difference was detected between gross intraoperative measurement and traditional radiograph measurement. Coefficient of correlation between diameter and volume of bone tumor was 0.325 (P=0.162). Conclusion Digital measurement is a precise, efficient,convenient and repeatable method for bone tumor measurement.     

肢体长骨骨巨细胞瘤个体化外科治疗的中长期临床结果分析

目的:对比个体化改良与常规方案治疗肢体长骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCTB)的临床效果,评估个体化改良方案的可行性。方法:回顾性研究。纳入2005年1月—2017年12月内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院和天津医院两个骨肿瘤中心178例手术治疗的四肢长骨GCTB患者的临床资料,男95例、女83例,年龄8～75(35.7±11.7)岁。17...     

复发多节段胸椎神经内分泌肿瘤1例报道及文献回顾

副神经节瘤是一种神经内分泌肿瘤,具有一定的侵袭性.其确切发病率尚不明确,大概是每10万人0.2～1[1～3].根据肿瘤细胞发生部位,起源于肾上腺髓质的嗜铬细胞伴有大量儿茶酚胺分泌时,称为嗜铬细胞瘤;起源于肾上腺外交感神经节的嗜铬细胞,或者头颈部的副交感神经节,称之为副神经节瘤.约69％的副神经节瘤位于颈动脉小球和颈静脉...