LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体的制备及体外抗肿瘤作用

目的:制备促黄体激素释放激素类似物(Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues,LHRHa)靶向紫杉醇脂质体(Paclitaxel liposomes,PTX-Lipo),研究其在体外增强紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,PTX)对卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞的抑制作用。方法:采用薄膜超声法制备PTX-Lipo与LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体(LHRHa-Paclitaxel liposomes,LHRHa-PTX-Lipo),用透射电镜考察脂质体形态;高效液相色谱法测定2种PTX-Lipo的包封率;激光共聚焦法通过卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞对4-氟-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑荧光素的摄取检测来反映细胞对NBD-Lipo与NBD-LHRHa-Lipo的摄取情况;MTT法及细胞克隆形成实验检测LHRHa-PTX-Lipo体外对卵巢癌细胞的生长抑制情况。结果:制备LHRHa-PTX-Lipo的平均粒径123.4 nm,包封率在90%以上;A2780/DDP细胞对NBD-LHRHa-Lipo组的荧光摄取明显高于NBD-Lipo组;LHRHa-PTX-Lipo对A2780/DDP细胞的生长及克隆形成抑制明显高于PTX组及PTX-Lipo组(P<0.05)。结论:采用薄膜超声法制备的LHRHa-PTX-Lipo可使药物在靶部位聚集,增强药物对卵巢癌细胞的抑制作用。     

控制成分输血输注速率提高新生儿换血疗效

目的探讨序贯调节悬浮红细胞和血浆输注速率进行新生儿换血的有效性及安全性。方法选择2006年10月至2013年9月我科收治的需要进行换血治疗的严重高胆红素血症患儿,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组将所需红细胞与血浆按1∶1等速输注进行换血;观察组换血总量前1/3时,输注血浆速率为红细胞的两倍,中1/3时二者输注速率相等,后1/3时输注红细胞速率为血浆的两倍。换血前、中、后检测血常规、电解质、血糖及血胆红素等指标,并密切观察和记录患儿生命体征及经皮血氧饱和度(Sa O2)。结果对照组纳入40例,观察组纳入42例。两组患儿换血治疗后胆红素水平均明显降低[对照组:(222.1±30.3)μmol/L比(455.5±52.3)μmol/L,观察组:(207.3±27.8)μmol/L比(451.2±48.6)μmol/L,P<0.001],与对照组比较,观察组换血后胆红素水平更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组换血后血红蛋白含量明显高于对照组[(151±22)g/L比(135±26)g/L,P<0.01]。两组患儿换血相关并发症,如高血糖、血小板减少、低钙血症和低钠血症等均可在短时间内恢复正常。结论采用序贯调节悬浮红细胞和血浆的输注速率进行换血,在不增加用血量基础上,能明显降低胆红素水平和贫血的发生,且安全有效。     

肺透明膜病早产儿尸检肺组织肺表面活性蛋白-C及Ki67的表达

Objective To determine the expression of surfactant protein-c (SP-C) and Ki67 in autopsy lung tissues of premature infants died of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) who were exposed to mechanical ventilation and high oxygen concentrations/pulmonary surfactant (PS). The possible influence of surfactant on the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was also investigated. Methods Thirty preterm infants diagnosed as HMD by clinical data and pathology were selected. Mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen (FiO2 0.6-1.0) were given to these infants within 6 hours after birth. According to the duration of ventilation at high oxygen concentrations, all subjects were diveded into four groups: ventilation for 1-3 days, 4-8 days, 9-16 days and >16 days. Five premature infants died within 1 day after delivery for none pulmonary reasons served as controls. The expression of SP-C and Ki67 in lungs were detected by immunobistochemistry. Results The pulmonary pathology in these HMD infants at different phases was consisitent with the main features of different stages during the progress from HMD towards bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The positive staining of SP-C was restricted to type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, and Ki67 positive were preferentially localized in nuclei of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells and fihroblasts. Compared with the control group, the expression of SP-C and Ki67 in HMD infants decreased significantly after 1-3 days of ventialation, but increased after 4 days and reached the peak value after 9-16 days. The expression of SP-C and Ki67 in control group, 1-3 days and 9-16 days of ventialation were 0. 1891±0. 0253, 0. 1576±0. 0327 and 0. 2271±0. 0238 for SP-C and 0. 2297±0. 0380, 0.1929±0. 0403 and 0. 2849±0. 0368 for Ki67, respectively. No significant difference in the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was found between infants treated with PS and those without (P>0.05). Conclusions SP-C and Ki67 may have participated in the pulmonary pathological process in ventilated/oxygen treated preterm infants with HMD, and exogenous surfactant had no effect on the expression of SP-C and Ki67.     

针刺水沟穴治疗脑梗死机制的研究进展

研究证明对脑梗死的治疗,以“醒脑开窍”主穴水沟为代表具有肯定的疗效,研究人员通过动物实验研究来揭示其机制,主要包括：针刺能抑制细胞凋亡促进神经功能重塑、减轻病理损伤缩小梗死面积、抑制炎性因子表达、减轻钙超载与自由基损伤、调节脑血管舒缩功能、改善脑循环等。现作以总结,为今后的研究提供参考。     

PICC导管留置导管移位原因分析和对策

目的：分析应用PICC导管置管时发生导管移位的原因,并提出预防导管移位的对策,以提高置管的成功率。方法：对189例应用PICC导管病人穿刺时操作进行评估,重点对7例导管位移原因进行分析。结果：189例置管,发生导管移位7例,其中5例误入颈内静脉,2例滞留在外周静脉;经在X线调整位置后,6例前端位于上腔静脉。结论：熟练掌握刺穿技巧,严格执行操作规程,加强病人相关知识的宣教,可避免或减少应用PICC导管位移的发生。     

急性髓系白血病的诊断及治疗:现状与挑战

近年来,对急性髓系白血病(AML)生物学特性认识的深入促进了分类和危险分层的更新,微小残留病检测丰富了AML的预后体系,单倍型相合移植等手段为AML患者提供了更多选择.     

自采样人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测筛查宫颈癌的应用价值

目的 探讨自采样人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值及大众对自采样HPV DNA检测的认知情况。方法 选取2021年9月至12月于郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的108例21～69岁女性,进行自采样和医采样HPV DNA检测以及医采样宫颈液基细胞学(TCT)检测。对高危型HPV阳性和(或)TCT异常(意义未明的不典型鳞状细胞及以上)者进行阴道镜检查及活检,同时采用线上调查问卷收集患者对自采样HPV DNA检测取样方法的认知与感受。结果 108例入组女性中100例具有完整HPV检测数据,合格率为92.59%。一致性分析显示HPV DNA检测在自采样与医采样中一致性较好(Kappa=0.819,P<0.001),阳性符合率91.11%,阴性符合率90.91%,总符合率91.00%。其中高危型HPV 16/18一致性最好(Kappa=0.818,P<0.001),其他型别一致性一般(Kappa=0.729,P<0.001),其阳性符合率分别为94.74%、90.00%,阴性符合率分别为90.91%、87.14%,总符合率分别为98.00%、88.00%。病理活...     

小儿神经心理测评在婴幼儿体检中的应用

目的:探讨Gesell发育量表及神经学检查在健康体检婴幼儿中的应用.方法:由经过专业训练的人员为42天婴儿进行常规体格检查及Gesell发育评估、神经学检查.发现异常者进行早期干预,并在3、6、12个月时进行再次评估.结果:Gesell发育量表及神经学检查与影像学检查符合率88.16%;可疑脑损伤142例中有121例接受了干预治疗,跟踪追访到12个月时,有3例Gesell发育商数<85,2例<75.讨论:Gesell发育量表配合神经学检查,可以更准确地反映脑功能受损的情况,且操作简便、经济实用;应用Gesell发育量表及神经学检查对高危儿的筛查意义重大,具有较高的实用性.