全数字化乳腺X线摄影联合彩色多普勒超声对诊断微小乳腺癌的研究

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler sonography combined with digital mammography for micro breast cancer screening.Methods Both of color Doppler sonography and digital mammography were performed in 66 patients with micro breast cancer less than 1.5 cm in diameter and 20 patients with benign lesion less than 1.5 cm in diameter.The images of sonography and mammography were analyzed respectively.A comparative study on the results of sonography,mammography and pathological finding of specimen in breast lesions was made.Results Fifty-five of 66 Cases with micro breast cancer were detected by digital mammography.52 of 66 cases by color Doppler sonography and 65 of 66 cases by sonography combined with mammography.The color Doppler sonography combined with digital mammography provided higher sensitivity,specificity and accuracy[98.5%(65/66),100.0%(20/20)and 98.8%(85/86)respectively]than color Doppler sonography[78.8%(52/66),75.0%(15/20),77.9% (67/86)respectively]and digital mammography alone[83.3%(55/66),90.0%(18/20)and 84.9%(73/86)respectively](P＜0.05).The peak flow velocities and the mean resistant index were higher in malignant lesion than those in benign lesion(P＜0.05).Conclusions The color Doppler sonography combined with digital mammography can increase the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosing micro breast cancer.Digital mammography is recommended to identify micro breast cancer.It is helpful of color Doppler sonography in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesion.     

动态增强磁共振成像在诊断垂体微腺瘤中的作用

目的研究对比剂动态增强磁共振成像(MRI)对垂体微腺瘤的诊断作用。方法临床拟诊的垂体微腺瘤50例行快速自旋回波对比剂动态增强扫描,接着行常规增强扫描,分析比较动态增强和常规增强两种方法对垂体微腺瘤的检出率。结果常规增强组垂体微腺瘤的检出率为72%;动态增强组垂体微腺瘤的检出率为94%。结论动态增强扫描能明显提高垂体微腺瘤的检出率。     

颅内表皮样囊肿MRI扫描序列的应用

目的：探讨磁共振（MR）弥散加权成像（DWI）、T2-液体衰减反转恢复（T2-FLAIR）以及常规平扫（T1WI、T2WI）在颅内表皮样囊肿诊断中的作用，比较各序列在病灶检出以及诊断特异性中的价值。方法：回顾性分析34例手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的术前MR常规平扫、T2-FLAIR以及DWI资料。结果：33例T1WI呈低信号，1例T1WI呈高信号。脂肪抑制像未能抑制。T2WI呈高信号，稍高于脑脊液。T2-FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影，其中有4例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号，信号不均匀。结论：无论在颅内表皮样囊肿病灶检出还是在信号特异性方面，DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2-FLAIR，是颅内表皮样囊肿最具诊断价值的扫描技术。     

非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症的脑部影像学表现

目的:分析非酮症性高血糖偏侧舞蹈症的脑部CT和MRI表现,探讨其诊断依据。材料与方法:回顾性分析9例以偏侧舞蹈症为主要症状的糖尿病患者脑部的CT和MRI资料,其中8例患者接受至少1次CT平扫,5例接受至少1次MR检查,4例治疗后接受CT复查。结果:颅脑CT示患肢对侧纹状体高密度影,主要位于壳核与尾状核头,MRI上T₁WI上述部位呈高信号改变,边界尚清楚,T₂WI病灶呈低或混杂信号。经综合治疗后,复查发现,CT上病灶密度减低缩小或消失。结论:非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症具有特征性的影像学表现,以对侧或双侧纹状体壳核、尾状核头CT高密度影、MRI短T₁高信号为特点,密切结合临床病史不难诊断。     

循证护理模式在腰椎全椎板切除术围手术期中的效果观察

目的探讨循证护理模式在腰椎全椎板切除术围手术期中的效果。方法选取2010年10月～2012年3月来医院进行腰椎全椎板切除术治疗的68例患者为观察对象,将其随机分为两组,观察组34例,采用循证护理模式进行护理;对照组34例,采用常规护理模式进行护理。统计分析及比较两组患者住院时间、并发症的发生率、满意度、治疗前后68例患者的HAMD及HAMA评分。结果观察组的住院时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组,满意度、治疗后的HAMD、HAMA评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论循证护理模式在腰椎全椎板切除术围手术期中的效果优于对照组,多数患者的综合效果都得以改善,是临床上值得推广的护理模式。