右美托咪定和瑞芬太尼持续静脉输注在纤维支气管镜清醒插管中的应用

目的比较右美托咪定和瑞芬太尼在纤维支气管镜（FOB）清醒插管中应用的效果。方法选择困难气道FOB清醒插管患者60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～59岁,体重46～80 kg,随机均分为右美托咪定组（D组）和瑞芬太尼组（R组）。气管内表面麻醉后,D组给予右美托咪定1μg/kg后以0.5μg·kg^-1·h^-1持续静脉输注;R组给予瑞芬太尼1μg/kg后以0.1μg·kg^-1·min^-1持续静脉输注。记录入室后（基础值,T₀）、插管前即刻（T₁）、气管导管进入声门即刻（T₂）、插管后2min（T₃）、5 min（T₄）、10 min（T₅）时的HR、SBP、DBP,并于各时点采静脉血检测肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）浓度。结果与T₀时比较,T₂～T₄时两组SBP、DBP明显增高,HR明显增快,且R组显著高于、快于D组（P<0.05）;T₃～T₅时,两组NE均明显升高,且R组明显高于D组,R组E明显升高,且高于D组（P<0.05）。结论气管表面麻醉后持续静注右美托咪定较瑞芬太尼能更好地完成困难气道FOB清醒气管插管,血流动力学变化更小,不良反应少。     

不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管插管诱发QT间期延长的影响

目的 评价不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管插管诱发QT间期延长的影响.方法 择期拟行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20岁～60岁,用随机数字表法分为3组(每组20例):对照组(C组)、艾司洛尔1组(E1)、艾司洛尔2组(E2).E1组于麻醉诱导前5 min给予艾司洛尔0.3 mg/kg,后持续0.1 mg·kg-1·min-1输注;E2组麻醉诱导前5 min给予艾司洛尔0.3 mg/kg,后持续0.25 mg·kg-1·min-1输注;C组给予同容量的生理盐水.分别于给予艾司洛尔前(T0)、给予艾司洛尔后(T1)、给予依托咪酯后1 min(T2)、气管插管即刻(T3)、气管插管后30 s(T4)、2(T5)、4 min(T6)记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并描记心电图(ECG),比较3组患者的血压、HR、QT间期不同变化.结果 E1组和E2组在T1、T2、T4 QT间期分别为(382±11)、(380±6)、(406±13)ms和(379±13)、(370±11)、(400±7) ms.与C组比较,E1组和E2组在T1、T2、T4 QT间期显著缩短(P＜0.05),E1组和E2组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉诱导期间静脉注射0.3 mg/kg,后持续0.1 mg· kg-1·min-1输注艾司洛尔或者0.3 mg/kg后持续0.25 mg·kg-1·min-1输注艾司洛尔均可有效抑制气管插管诱发QT间期延长,有效抑制气管插管诱发的交感神经反射,但是0.3 mg/kg后持续0.25 mg· kg-1·min-1输注艾司洛尔更易导致低血压和心动过缓的发生.     

靶控输注舒芬太尼复合吸入麻醉对老年肿瘤患者手术麻醉的临床观察

靶控输注以药代动力学为基础制定出个体给药方案,更好地实现了静脉用药的个体化。舒芬太尼在阿片类麻醉性镇痛药中效能最强[1]。国外已开始静脉靶控输注舒芬太尼复合吸入麻醉方面的研究[2,3],我们于2008年1月至2009年12月观察老年肿瘤患者静脉靶控输注舒芬太尼复合吸入麻醉的血流动力学变化,为临床有效和安全应用舒芬太尼提供参考,     

区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展

随着超声技术在麻醉领域中的广泛应用和对髋关节神经支配的深入认识,越来越多的区域阻滞麻醉技术用于髋关节手术患者的麻醉与镇痛。本文就腰丛阻滞(LPB)、髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)、腰方肌阻滞(QLB)、竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)和髋关节囊周神经(PENG)阻滞的解剖及入路、临床应用和并发症等方面等进行综述,以探讨各种区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展。     

颌面部神经阻滞在唇腭裂修复术围手术期的应用进展

背景 唇腭裂在小儿先天性疾病中占很高比列,小儿唇腭裂修复术围手术期的疼痛对喂养和伤口愈合有很大影响. 内容 总结分析颌面部神经阻滞对唇腭裂患儿围手术期镇痛、术后苏醒、颌面部神经阻滞相关并发症以及对术后应用镇痛药物各方面的影响. 目的 通过对小儿唇腭裂修复术围手术期颌面部神经阻滞镇痛方式、应用药物研究现状的总结归纳,探讨颌面部神经阻滞用于唇腭裂修复术围手术期的镇痛效果和副作用,为唇腭裂修复术围手术期镇痛提供有效的依据,完善小儿镇痛. 趋向 颌面部神经阻滞是唇腭裂修复术围手术期较为理想的一种镇痛方式,超声的引进使小儿术后镇痛得到进一步完善.但目前仍缺乏一种绝对满意、安全的颌面部神经阻滞方法,相关内容仍需进一步临床研究.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

NR2B反义寡核苷酸对吗啡依赖大鼠脊髓和脑干μ受体与κ受体mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察NR2B反义寡核苷酸(NR2B antisense oligonucleotide,ANR2B)对吗啡依赖大鼠脊髓和脑干μ受体与κ受体表达的影响,探讨N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)受体的NR2B亚基与阿片μ受体与κ受体在介导吗啡依赖和耐受过程中的相互作用....