动脉调转术治疗心室大动脉连接异常的先天性心脏病

目的总结动脉调转术（ASO）治疗心室大动脉连接异常的先天性心脏病（先心病）手术疗效。方法2000年1月至2004年8月，60例病儿实施ASO，早年（2000．1—2003．5）42例，近期（2003．6—2004．8）18例；其中完全性大动脉转位（TGA）49例、Taussig-Bing畸形7例、矫正性大动脉转位（ccTGA）4例；年龄1—6个月15例、7～12个月14例、1-3岁6例、〉3岁6例，其中〉6月龄的TGA/VSD或TGA/PDA18例。行大动脉调转术，同期矫治合并畸形；ccTGA病儿先行心房转流术，后行ASO。结果全组手术死亡10例（16．7％），其中早年9例（21．4％）、近期1例（5．6％），死亡率明显下降（P〈0．05）。生存病儿随访0．5—56．0个月，心功能恢复良好，无死亡及并发症。结论ASO应用于TGA、Taussig-Bing畸形以及ccTGA能取得良好的手术结果。针对国内TGA/VSD或TGA/PDA病儿就诊较晚、年龄较大，肺动脉压力较高等特点，如心导管检查显示肺小动脉阻力不高，ASO仍可获得满意的疗效。     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

胸骨上窝切面探查残存左上腔静脉的价值

本文报告５例经超声诊断的残存左上腔静脉（ＰＬＳＶＣ），与手术结果完全一致。文献中各家均采用左室长轴及四腔心切面间接诊断ＰＬＳＶＣ的存在，本文用胸骨上窝、左锁骨上窝切面直接显示了ＰＬＳＶＣ，与ＲＳＶＣ对应，略平行于降主动脉，并可测定内径和因流速度，比切面提供了ＰＬＳＶＣ的全貌及引流的全过程，有利于心血管内外科的治疗，且准确率高，优于其它切面。这一技术简单易行，值得推广。     

78例动脉调转手术在复杂先天性心脏病治疗中的临床应用

目的:回顾总结近年来动脉调转术(ASO)治疗心室大动脉连接异常复杂先天性心脏病(先心病)的手术疗效,探讨手术适应证。方法:2000年1月至2004年12月,对78例患儿行动脉调转术,其中室间隔完整型[或含小的室间隔缺损(VSD)]大动脉转位(TGA),为室间隔完整型组30例;<6个月的VSD型TGA和右心室双出口合并肺动脉瓣下VSD(简称TaussigBing畸形),为<6个月VSD型组20例;>6个月合并中～重度肺动脉高压的VSD型TGA和TaussigBing畸形,为>6个月VSD型组24例;矫正型TGA为矫正型TGA组4例。平均年龄(8.55±14.84)个月(2天～11岁)。合并主要畸形:左心室流出道狭窄7例,肺动脉瓣轻～中度狭窄7例,肺动脉瓣重度狭窄1例,主动脉弓中断1例,肺动脉瓣下隔膜1例,主动脉瓣下隔膜1例,镜面右位心1例。在全麻、低温(18～22℃)、低流量[50ml/(kg·min)]体外循环下完成动脉调转术,合并畸形者同期矫治。结果:全组病死率为14.1%(11/78)。其中室间隔完整型组、<6个月VSD型组、>6个月VSD型组和矫正型TGA组病死率分别是13.3%(4/30)、15.0%(3/20)、12.5%(3/24)、25.0%(1/4)。67例患者痊愈出院。平均随诊13.5±7.9(0.5～56)个月,心功能明显改善,紫绀消失,活动量增加,发育正常,无死亡和远期并发症发生。结论:动脉调转术是解剖矫治TGA、TaussigBing畸形及矫正型TGA的首选术式。对年龄较大(>6个月)、合并中～重度肺动脉高压、合并复杂畸形同期矫治以及一期姑息术后的二期动脉调转术患儿,手术疗效及中期随访结果满意。     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

改良Damus-Kaye-Stansel手术治疗单心室合并主动脉瓣下狭窄(附1例报告)

功能性单心室是一种复杂先天性心脏畸形,一部分病例合并或在行减状手术后继发主动脉瓣下狭窄(SAS),是目前先天性心脏病外科治疗的一个难点.2006年3月,我们对1例合并主动脉瓣下狭窄的单心室病儿成功实施了Damus-Kaye-Stansel(D-K-S)手术,术后效果满意,现报道如下.     

院前急救医疗纠纷的原因分析及防范对策

院前急救具有紧张性、复杂性和不可预测性等特点,紧急情况下的医疗行为稍有不慎就可导致纠纷。随着人们急救需求提高和维权意识增强,关于院前急救医疗纠纷的报道屡见不鲜,特别是《医疗事故处理条例》出台、医疗诉讼举证责任倒置．使院前急救医疗纠纷的调解变得非常棘手。因此,医务人员必须高度重视院前急救的每一个细节。减少和杜绝可能导致纠纷的隐患。本文讨论容易导致院前急救医疗纠纷的原因及其防范对策。     

Hybrid技术治疗合并体肺侧支的法洛四联症

目的:总结应用Hybrid技术治疗合并较大体肺侧支的法洛四联症的临床结果,分析该联合术式的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析阜外医院1996年1月至2008年12月手术联合栓堵治疗的46例伴有体肺侧支的法洛四联症的临床资料:2007年6月前主要采取手术前、后联合介入栓堵13例(分期组),2007年6月后采用Hybrid技术行术中栓堵33例(同期组)。全组造影发现体肺侧支共89支,成功栓堵70支。结果:同期手术组在体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU时间及住院时间方面均明显小于分期手术组。同期手术组病死率(6.1%)较分期手术组(31%)低。结论:应用Hy-brid技术治疗合并较大体肺侧枝的法洛氏四联症可降低手术难度,减轻手术创伤,提高手术矫治成功率;术中联合栓堵安全有效,优于术前或术后联合栓堵。     

腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后围术期血栓栓塞的治疗与预防

目的分析腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后围术期血栓栓塞的表现、治疗、转归和可能危险因素,评估预防血栓栓塞措施的效果。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2010年12月期间阜外心血管病医院完成双向Glenn手术264例、全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(total cavopulmonary connection,TCPC)224例患者的临床资料,其中围术期发生血栓栓塞9例,男5例,女4例;年龄0.9～11.0(5.1±3.7)岁;体重8～30(17±8)kg。5例为双向Glenn手术,4例为TCPC。多数栓塞患者合并至少一个血栓高危因素。术后常规静脉泵入预防量肝素10 U(/kg.h),续以口服阿司匹林1～3 mg(/kg.d)预防血栓。结果 9例中6例血栓栓塞发生于术后7 d之内,3例发生在术后2～4周。9例均给予肝素抗凝治疗,其中1例行下腔静脉-右心房连接术。死亡3例(33%),分别占同期双向Glenn手术和TCPC后早期死亡的33%(1/3)和18%(2/11);其余6例症状和体征改善或消失。结论腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后围术期血栓栓塞的病死率高,是此类手术术后早期死亡的重要原因。围术期预防血栓的策略有效,但仍需注意避免一些相关危险因素。     

肺动脉融合术治疗肺动脉闭锁合并大主肺侧支动脉

目的 总结肺动脉融合术治疗肺动脉闭锁、室间隔缺损合并大主肺侧支动脉的初步经验.方法 1999年12月至2007年6月完成肺动脉闭锁,室间隔缺损合并大主肺侧支动脉(PA/VSD/NAPCAs)的肺动脉融合术17例,其中男7例,女10例;年龄0.8～18岁,平均(6.0±5.6)岁;体重6.5～55.0 kg,平均(20.0±14.9)kg.术前固有肺动脉指数(PAJ)为42.0～366.1mm2/m2,平均(133.7±87.8)mm2/m2.手术入路包括正中剖胸10例,正中+左后外侧剖胸5例,正中+右后外侧剖胸2例.一期肺动脉融合及心内畸形矫治术12例,肺动脉融合及姑息性体肺分流术4例,肺动脉融合及姑息性右室流出道扩大1例.全组病儿术前造影发现大主肺侧支动脉共44支;术中融合29支,结扎5支.肺动脉闭锁矫治术及肺动脉融合术前介入栓堵3个侧支1例;肺动脉融合及体肺分流术后介入栓堵2个残留侧支1例.结果 全组术中转流174.3min,主动脉阻断88.7min.术后呼吸机辅助7.4d,术后ICU 11.8d.生存11例,平均新建肺动脉指数(TNPAI)249mm2/m2.6例死亡,其中2例TNPAI<200mm2/m2,死于肺血管发育不良,术后发生低心排出量综合征(低心排)和突发室性心律失常;1例因低心排无法脱离体外循环,尸检发现肺小动脉明显肌型化,管腔高度狭窄,证实术前局部肺段已有严重的肺高压;3例>450 mm2/m2分别死于严重肺部感染、渗出、急性肾功能衰竭,反复气道大量出血和顽固性室性心律失常.其他主要并发症为大脑皮层盲、膈肌麻痹和阴沟杆菌性肺炎肺出血各1例.结论 完全矫治+肺动脉融合是治疗肺动脉闭锁/室间隔缺损合并大主肺侧支动脉最根本的治疗手段,但手术操作复杂.由于同一病儿肺动脉病变的多样性,常见MAPCAs高压及狭窄并存.适应证选择和手术技巧的提高仍需不断的探索.