腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后肠梗阻发生率比较的Meta分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌术后肠梗阻的发生率。方法通过计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed和OVID,检索时间均从建库至2011年10月止;由两名评价者独立选择并提取资料．评估方法学质量．若纳入研究的同质性差进行定性分析．若符合标准能进行定量分析。应用Cochrane协作网RevMan5．0软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果符合纳入标准共7篇文章,总样本量3630例,其中腹腔镜组1814例,发生术后肠梗阻58例,开腹组1816例,发生术后肠梗阻105例,合并RR=0．55,95％CI：0．41～0．76,提示腹腔镜组术后肠梗阻的发生率为开腹组的55％．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论相对于开腹结直肠癌手术．腹腔镜结直肠癌手术可以降低术后早期肠梗阻的发生率。     

自膨式金属支架治疗右半结肠癌伴梗阻临床研究

目的探讨自膨式金属支架在右半结肠癌伴梗阻减压治疗中的有效性和安全性及操作技巧。方法收集2009年1月-2013年12月收治的32例右半结肠癌伴梗阻进行肠道支架置入术患者资料,分析患者支架置入成功率和畅通率、术后胃肠功能恢复及并发症发生情况,并与同期收治的55例左半结肠癌伴梗阻行金属支架置入减压治疗术患者进行比较。结果32例右半结肠癌伴梗阻患者中,25例成功放置金属支架并保持支架通畅;左半结肠癌伴梗阻55例中52例成功放置金属支架,其中3例不能解除梗阻、3例1周内出现再梗阻。右半结肠组支架置入成功率低于左半结肠组（P＜0.05）,右半结肠组并发症低于左半结肠组（P＜0.05）。结论右半结肠癌伴梗阻金属支架置入操作难度大于左半结肠,置入成功后具有良好的临床缓解率及较少的并发症。     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy to systemic chemotherapy alone for serosa-involved colorectal cancer. Methods According to the criteria of serosa-involving in colorectal cancer, 332 cases were divided into 2 groups prospectively without randomization. Study group (n=166) was treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy, and control group (n=166) with systemic chemotherapy alone. Incidence of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, hepatic metastasis, other distant metastasis and 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of two groups were compared. Results 3-year and 5-year OS rates of stage Ⅱ B in study group were similar to those in control group (χ2=0.612,P=0.434). The above rates of stage Ⅲ in study group were higher than those in control group (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Either the study group or the control group, the 3-year and 5-year OS rates of patients undergone laparoscopic surgery or open surgery were similar (P=0.839, P=0.172). Incidences of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis in study group were 1.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respetively, lower than those in control group (8.2%,9.5% and 10.1%,P<0.05). Distant metastasis rate in study group was similar to that in control group. In study group, intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen with Oxaliplatin had lower rates of peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis as compared to that with Cisplatin (0.9% vs 8.8% ,P=0.019), while the incidences of local recurrence and other distant metastasis were similar. Conclusions Postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with stage Ⅲ serosa-involved colorectal cancer, and decreases local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and liver metastasis rate, especially when intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen contains Oxaliphtin. Comparing with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery dose not improve 3-year and S-year overall survival rates in patients receiving combined chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone.     

确保腹腔镜直肠系膜完全切除的手术技巧:介绍一种自创骶前隧道式分离法

众所周知,全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)是治疗中低位直肠癌,降低局部复发率的有效方法.虽然对于一个熟练的腹腔镜结直肠专科医师来说,行腹腔镜低位或超低位直肠前切除时应用TME,感觉手术视野优于开腹手术[1].但遇到肥胖或骨盆狭窄的低位直肠癌患者,即使熟练的腹腔镜外科医师也感到棘手.主要难点在于对腹膜反折以下直肠侧方及末端系膜进行完整切除相当困难,如系膜切除不全则可能影响手术预后.我们基于对1000余例直肠癌直肠系膜标本的解剖认识及300余例腹腔镜直肠癌的手术经验,总结一种简易、不易造成直肠系膜破损的TME方法--骶前隧道式分离法,供同道参考.     

直肠末端系膜解剖在直肠癌根治术中的意义

目的　了解直肠末端系膜附着缘的解剖标志及其形态分布对全直肠系膜切除 (TME)手术的影响。方法　收集由同一组医师连续手术切除的 2 2 0例中、低位直肠癌大体标本 ,分为两组。Ⅰ组 (保肛组 ) :又分为Ⅰa组 ,低位直肠前切除术 (LAR术 ) ,81例 ,限直肠癌下缘距肛缘 5～ 6cm者 ;Ⅰb组 ,直肠前切除术 (AR术 ) ,68例 ,限直肠癌下缘距肛缘 7～ 8cm者。Ⅱ组 (切肛组 ) :腹会阴联合直肠切除术 (APR术 ) ,71例 ,限直肠癌下缘距肛缘<5cm者。结果　①直肠末端系膜环形附着缘位于肛提肌的肛缝以上 1 .0cm肠壁上 ,但该水平恰好与低位直肠癌下缘齐平。因此 ,为了满足 2～ 3cm下切端 ,在肛缝以下分离直肠肌性管道行LAR术时 ,要小心避免损伤肠壁。②直肠末端系膜附着于肠壁上呈环形片状 ,而非环形线状 ,与直肠后壁间仅有少量脂肪组织 ,其纵向附着长度约为 (1 .2 69± 0 .1 71 )cm(LAR组 81例 +APR组 71例 ) ,当行AR术时 ,其下切缘恰好位于系膜的片状附着区内 ,在裸化直肠时 ,要小心谨慎 ,以免损伤肠壁。结论　直肠末端系膜呈环形片状附着于肛提肌的肛缝上 1 .0cm处 ,在行低位或超低位直肠前切除 ,裸化直肠壁时要仔细分离 ,以免损伤肠壁 ,导致术后肠瘘     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy to systemic chemotherapy alone for serosa-involved colorectal cancer. Methods According to the criteria of serosa-involving in colorectal cancer, 332 cases were divided into 2 groups prospectively without randomization. Study group (n=166) was treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy, and control group (n=166) with systemic chemotherapy alone. Incidence of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, hepatic metastasis, other distant metastasis and 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of two groups were compared. Results 3-year and 5-year OS rates of stage Ⅱ B in study group were similar to those in control group (χ2=0.612,P=0.434). The above rates of stage Ⅲ in study group were higher than those in control group (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Either the study group or the control group, the 3-year and 5-year OS rates of patients undergone laparoscopic surgery or open surgery were similar (P=0.839, P=0.172). Incidences of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis in study group were 1.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respetively, lower than those in control group (8.2%,9.5% and 10.1%,P<0.05). Distant metastasis rate in study group was similar to that in control group. In study group, intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen with Oxaliplatin had lower rates of peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis as compared to that with Cisplatin (0.9% vs 8.8% ,P=0.019), while the incidences of local recurrence and other distant metastasis were similar. Conclusions Postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with stage Ⅲ serosa-involved colorectal cancer, and decreases local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and liver metastasis rate, especially when intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen contains Oxaliphtin. Comparing with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery dose not improve 3-year and S-year overall survival rates in patients receiving combined chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone.     

腹腔镜与开腹完整结肠系膜切除术的疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术（CME）疗效的差异。方法收集2000年9月至2008年12月问福建医科大学附属协和医院外科同一组医师连续实施的273例结肠癌CME手术患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术147例,开腹手术126例,比较两组术后的肿瘤根治性及远期疗效。结果两组的近端切缘、远端切缘长度及淋巴结清扫数目的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。273例患者中．有251例（91．9％）接受了术后随访,中位随访时间50个月。腹腔镜组与开腹组的局部复发率分别为6．1％（9／147）和7．9％（10／126）,远处转移率分别为23．8％（35／147）和16．7％（21／126）,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。两组5年总生存率分别为69．4％和74．0％,5年无瘤生存率分别为68．5％和70．9％,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜结肠癌CME手术能达到与开腹手术相同的肿瘤根治范围,有望成为结肠癌新的手术规范。     

比较分析腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血的影响因素

目的研究腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血发生率的差异及其影响因素。方法直肠癌根治术263例,其中腹腔镜组(LS组)86例,开腹组(OS组)177例。根据吻合口位置分布情况及是否行预防性结肠造口,再分为AR组(直肠前切除术,180例)与LAR(低位直肠前切除术)或UAR(超低位直肠前切除)组(83例),造口组(62例)与非造口组(201例)。通过观察各组内吻合口出血发生率,建立吻合口出血危险因素Logistic回归模型,从而判定吻合口出血与手术方式(LS与OS)、吻合口位置(AR与LAR或UAR)及预防性结肠造口等影响因素之间的关系。结果全组患者术后发生吻合口出血16例(6.1%)。LS组与OS组术后吻合口出血发生率分别为9.3%与4.5%,造口组与非造口组分别为8.1%和5.5%,AR组与LAR或UAR组则分别为3.3%和12.1%;差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术方式因素中,LS与OS比较,LS因素的回归系数b1=1.319,优势比OR1=3.741,标准回归系数b1N=0.342。吻合口位置因素中,AR与LAR或UAR比较,LAR或UAR因素的回归系数b2=2.460,优势比OR2=11.704,标准回归系数b2N=0.632。预防性结肠造口因素中,造口与非造口比较,预防性结肠造口因素的回归系数b3=-1.394,优势比OR3=0.248,标准回归系数b3N=-0.327。结论直肠癌根治术后,腹腔镜手术、低位或超低位直肠前切除术是吻合口出血的危险因素;预防性结肠造口是吻合口出血的保护因素。三者之中,吻合口位置影响最大,手术方式次之,预防性结肠造口影响最小。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的防治

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术术后早期炎症性肠梗阻(early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction,EPIIO)的发生率、发病原因.方法 对照同期同一组医师连续实施的232例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与251例开腹结直肠癌根治术,比较术后早期肠梗阻发病率及防治差异.结果 LS组中转开腹14例,中转开腹率为5.69%(14/246);LS组术后EPIIO的发病率为3.02%(7/232),6例保守治愈,1例手术治愈,OS组术后EPIIO的发病牢为7.97%(20/251),18例保守治愈,2例手术治愈,且均行小肠排列术,两组EPIIO的发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=5.60,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术可减少EPIIO的发生率;EPIIO应以保守治疗为主,当病情反复或出现肠绞窄表现时应及时手术治疗.     

腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术中的泌尿及性功能保护

中、低位直肠癌的外科手术在引入直肠全系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)概念之后,病人的局部复发率及远期生存率得到大大提高。进一步应用新辅助放化疗技术后,中、低位直肠癌的