计算机快速成型辅助个体化三踝骨折的手术治疗

Objective To compare the operation with computer-aided rapid prototyping technique and the conventional procedure for treatment of trimalleolar fractures.Methods Twenty-four patients with trimalleolar fracture who had been admitted to our hospital from March 2007 to March 2008 were divided into 2 even groups randomly.Group A underwent 3-dimensional reconstruction, computer simulation and rapid pro-totyping and demonstration of individual fracture model before operation.Group B received only conventional procedures.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by Cedell criteria and compared statistically between the 2 groups.Comparision between the 2 groups was made in the exposure time, reduction and fixation time curative effect.Results Fallow-up from 8 to 15 months revealed that the operation time for Group A (45.43 ± 9.38 minutes) was significantly shorter than for Group B (58.61 ± 12.32 minutes) (t = - 2.948, P < 0.05).The exposure time between the 2 groups had no statiscal difference (t = - 1.06, P =0.102).The excellent rate of curative effect in Group A was 83.3% and 66.7% in Group B.Conclusion Computer aided rapid prototyping can shorten the operation time and improve operational efficiency for trimalleolar fractures.     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

应用细菌重组系统构建小鼠Flt3配体的重组腺病毒及其在肝癌细胞中的表达

目的 构建携带小鼠Flt3配体（murine flt3 ligand,mFL)的重组腺病毒载体并检测它的感染后的小鼠肝癌细胞中的表达。为肝癌基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 PCR扩增含有mFL的质粒,应用高效细菌内同源重组系统构建携带mFL的重组腺病毒,感染小鼠肝癌细胞株Hepal-6,一步法提取细胞总RNA,RT-PCR检测mFL的表达。结果 构建了携带mFL的重组腺病毒,并在感染后的Hepal-6细胞中检测到了mFL的mRNA。结论 应用该细菌重组系统成功地构建了携带mFL的重组腺病毒载体。为下一步的基因治疗研究奠定了基础。     

移植肾IgA肾病三例报告及文献复习

目的 探讨移植肾IgA肾病的病理特征、临床表现及预后。方法 回顾分析移植肾穿刺活检病理及临床资料。结果 3例IgA肾病,1例为复发性膜增殖型,2例为复发／发性系膜增殖型,临床表现主要是镜下血尿、轻度蛋白尿、或／和高血压、高脂血症;病理改变与普通人群的IgA肾病相同,此外存在多灶性肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化;其对治疗的反应与病理改变密切相关,以双嘧达莫、小剂量华法林及雷公藤多甙治疗2年,2例系膜增殖型者肾功能稳定,膜增殖型的1例治疗2年半后血肌酐上升。结论 移植肾IgA肾病复发迅速,其进展速度及治疗效果与病理分型和病变程度密切相关,无特效治疗方法。     

后中路椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的　探讨后中路椎间盘镜手术系统治疗腰椎间盘突出症的适应证、操作要点以及并发症处理。方法　采用后中路椎间盘镜椎间盘摘除术 (MicroendoscopicDiscectomy ,MED)对椎间盘突出症患者行髓核摘除和神经根管扩大术。结果　本组 46例 ,随访 3～ 12个月 ,按Nakai分级 :优 40例 ,良 5例 ,可 1例。结论　MED具有创伤小、恢复快、手术效果好的优点 ,适用于大多数椎间盘突出症或合并侧隐窝狭窄患者     

带膜支架动脉置入治疗肾移植后假性动脉瘤2例报告

移植肾假性动脉瘤（renal transplant pseudo aneurysm）是肾移植术后较为少见的血管并发症之一。由于可造成移植肾功能减退乃至丧失，易破裂致大出血危及生命，应引起足够重视，以争取早期诊断和及时治疗。我们在临床采用带膜支架血管内植人治疗2例移植肾假性动脉瘤，取得满意效果，现报道如下。     

股前外侧区穿支动脉的形态学研究及皮瓣设计

目的探讨以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的皮瓣设计方法，以便增加术前多普勒定位的准确性。方法6具动脉灌注明胶-氧化铅混悬液的新鲜成人整尸标本，解剖观测股前外侧区穿支，通过血管造影术和拍摄X线片测量其直径、行程、分支和定位。用3D—doctor和Scion Image软件分别测量穿支供血的趋向性、三维重建和单穿支供血面积。结果股前外侧区共有外径大于0．5mm穿支16支，平均外径0．8mm，平均供血面积45．61cm^2，其中20％为肌间隙穿支，80％为肌皮穿支。平均蒂长为（3．15±1．43）cm。自旋股外侧动脉降支发出的穿支在浅筋膜中的平均长度为2．63cm。结论改良的氧化铅-明胶灌注技术可以为皮动脉和穿支皮瓣的研究提供高质量的血管造影图像。本研究发现股前外侧单穿支皮瓣的最大供血面积是30cm×20cm。以股前外侧区穿支设计的穿支皮瓣可以移植到下肢或身体其他部位。     

乌司他丁对原位肝移植时的急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨乌司他丁对原位肝移植时的急性肺损伤（ALI）的保护作用。方法将20例肝移植患者随机分为2组：（1）乌司他丁组（n=10）于皮肤切开后静脉持续滴注乌司他丁30×10^4IU,以后每隔4h重复使用;（2）对照组（n=10）于相应时间滴注等体积生理盐水。所有患者均在非静脉转流下行经典原位肝移植术,分别于麻醉后手术开始前（T41）、无肝前期120min（T1）、无肝期30min（T2）、新肝期5min（T3）、新肝期60min（T4）和手术完毕（T5）时抽取静脉血,应用放射免疫分析法测定血浆白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的浓度,应用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定血浆丙二醛（MDA）浓度,应用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。除T1外,其余时间点取动脉血作血气分析,计算呼吸指数（RI）。结果对照组T3、T4、T5时的RI值均较R时升高（P〈0．01）,乌司他丁组仅T3时的RI值高于T0时（P〈0．05）。乌司他丁组T4、T5时的RI值明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组T2、T3、T4、T5时的IL-6和IL-8浓度均较T0时升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,但乌司他丁组的升高幅度明显低于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;两组T1、T2、T3、T4、T5时的TNF-α浓度均较T0时升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,但乌司他丁组T3、T4、T5时的TNF-α浓度明显低于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;两组T3、T4、T5时的MDA浓度均较T0时升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,但乌司他丁组的升高幅度明显低于对照组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。对照组T3、T4、T5时的SOD活性均较T0时下降（P〈0．01）;乌司他丁组仅T3时的SOD活性低于T0时（P〈0．05）,而T3、T4、T5时的SOD活性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论乌司他丁可减轻肝移植所致的炎症反应,减少氧自由基的产生,从而减轻ALI。     

活性氧在二氮嗪预处理减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用

目的探讨活性氧(ROS)在线粒体KATP(Mito-KATP)通道特异性开放剂二氮嗪预处理减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的作用及其机制。方法培养的成年大鼠心室肌细胞,随机分为5组:对照组、缺氧复氧组、二氮嗪预处理 缺氧复氧组、二氮嗪 ROS清除剂2-硫基丙酰氨基乙酸(MPG)预处理 缺氧复氧组、二氮嗪 蛋白激酶C特异性抑制剂氯化白屈菜赤碱预处理 缺氧复氧组。对照组常规培养;缺氧复氧组缺氧30min复氧40min;其余各组则加入相应的药物预处理10 min,二氮嗪、MPG、氯化白屈菜赤碱的终浓度分别为200、400、2μmol·L-1,更换无血清培养基培养20 min,然后缺氧30 min复氧40 min。采用MTT法、CK检测试剂、Na -K -ATPase活性检测试剂和Western blot等方法分别检测心肌细胞的活力、CK活性、Na -K -ATPase活性、细胞浆和细胞膜PKCε表达情况,计算细胞膜PKCε表达百分比。结果缺氧复氧可导致心肌细胞存活率及Na -K -ATPase活性降低, CK活性升高;二氮嗪预处理能增加细胞存活率及Na -K -ATPase活性,降低CK活性,增加细胞膜PKCε表达百分比;MPG抑制了二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护作用,并且在一定程度上抑制了PKCε的转位;CH可完全阻滞PKCε的转位,并且可降低二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护作用。结论Mito-KATP通道开放后释放的ROS参与了二氮嗪预处理减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤,其机制与PKCε的转位激活有关。     

带锁髓内钉加小钢板治疗股骨干多段骨折

自2002年5月至2005年7月,我们应用交锁髓内钉加小钢板治疗股骨干多段骨折15例,疗效满意,现报告如下: