体外震波治疗长骨延迟愈合疗效及适应证探讨

目的:探讨体外高能震波治疗长骨延迟愈合的疗效、影响因素及其适应证.方法:共65例长骨延迟愈合患者(20例股骨,26例胫骨,13例肱骨,5例桡骨,1例尺骨)接受了体外高能震波治疗,治疗参数:股骨和胫骨28kV,6000～10000次;肱骨24～26kV,3000～4000次;尺桡骨24kV,1500～3000次,其中55例为肥大性骨延迟愈合,10例为萎缩性骨延迟愈合.于治疗后第2、3、4、6个月复查,如未愈合,继续每隔2～3个月复查,对不同时间的骨折愈合情况进行分析.结果:62例患者得到随访,随访时间2个月～18个月,总有效率75.8%.所有的萎缩性骨延迟愈合患者未获骨愈合,而肥大性骨延迟愈合患者治疗有效率为90.4%(47/52).结论:体外震波对于骨延迟愈合疗效可靠,长骨肥大性骨延迟愈合为其良好的适应证.     

低蛋白血症延长髋膝关节置换患者住院日

目的 探讨术前低蛋白血症和初次髋膝关节置换术住院时长的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年1月在南京鼓楼医院运动医学与成人重建外科行初次人工关节置换术的患者资料,排除掉资料不全、围手术期对并发症进行过针对治疗、一期行双侧关节置换、行翻修手术、血友病性关节炎等病人,共纳入男253例,女640例,年龄范围19...     

非骨折人群择期关节置换术前血栓发生及危险因素分析

目的:探讨非骨折人群关节置换术前深静脉血栓（deep vein thrombosis,DVT）的发生率及危险因素。方法:2015年3月至2016年8月,对500例择期行关节置换术的非骨折人群下肢静脉血管术前超声检查结果进行回顾性分析。将所有结果根据术前血栓发生情况分为DVT组和非DVT组,纳入人口学资料、基本病史、手术...     

OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术后的深静脉血栓发生率

背景：OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术（THA）创伤小、恢复快,理论上可降低DVT的发生率,但目前尚缺乏术后早期影像学检查判定DVT发生率的确切报道。目的：对行OCM入路微创小切口的全髋关节置换患者进行术后常规深静脉造影检查,以明确其深静脉血栓发生率并指导临床血栓预防。方法：行单侧OCM入路微创小切口THA患者27例,男13例,女14例;年龄28-90岁,平均（63.4±16.4）岁;BMI为21.2-29.8 kg/m2,平均（24.9±2.42）kg/m2;其中股骨头坏死9例,股骨颈骨折7例,发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）6例,髋关节骨关节炎3例,强直性脊柱炎2例。术后行利伐沙班及气压泵治疗。评估手术时间、手术切口长度、肢体长度差异、术后下地行走时间、术后VAS评分（术后1、3 d）、术中和术后出血情况、术中和术后输血情况。股骨颈骨折患者术前及所有患者术后3-5d行双下肢深静脉造影,以明确DVT发生情况。结果：手术切口长8-10 cm,平均（8.5±0.6）cm;手术时间为65-125 min,平均（82±13）min;术中出血量为100-350 ml,平均（225±72）ml;术后引流量为120-905 ml,平均（457±218）ml,共4例患者输血。所有患者术后当天即可进行主动屈髋锻炼,双下肢长度差异均〈1 cm,术后1、3 d的VAS评分分别为0-6分,平均（2.5±1.4）分和0-4分,平均（1.9±1.2）分,所有患者术后2-3 d即可站立或行走。术前7例股骨颈骨折患者中2例发现患侧下肢DVT,术后深静脉造影检查仍提示同侧DVT,其余25例患者术后仅1例股骨颈骨折患者提示健侧腓肠肌静脉丛血栓形成。结论：采用OCM微创小切口手术入路THA可明显降低DVT的发生率。     

全膝关节置换术后隐性失血危险因素的分析

目的探讨全膝关节置换术后的隐性失血量,并分析影响隐性失血的相关因素。方法收集48例行初次单侧全膝关节置换术的患者,其中女42例,男6例;年龄29～79岁,平均年龄65岁。通过Gross方程,根据患者身高、体重和手术前后的红细胞压积(Hct)计算患者的总失血量,减去显性失血量后得隐性失血量。分析年龄、性别、诊断、身高、体重、BMI、术中出血量、术后引流量、术者以及止血带时间、手术时间与隐性失血的相关性。结果术中出血量为(541±271)mL(200～1700mL),术后引流量为(479±249)mL(50～1010mL),显性出血量为(1020±327)mL(440～2 220 mL),总失血量为(1 963±734)mL(92～3 926 mL),隐性失血量为(942±692)mL(-502～2 716 mL)。因此,隐性失血占总失血的48.0%。隐性失血与身高、体重都有明显正相关,但与BMI没有明显相关性,另外,隐性失血还与术后引流量呈明显负相关。结论全膝关节置换术后隐性失血量约占总失血量的一半,应引起我们足够的重视,并且术后引流量少时更不能忽视隐性失血的存在。     

生物型髋关节假体涂层脱落的临床分期和预防

目的:对于生物型髋关节长期的生物学效应是未知的.探讨生物型髋关节假体涂层脱落的原因和提出相应的预防和治疗措施具有重要临床意义.方法:自2002年10月至2009年2月,对5例生物型髋关节假体涂层脱落进行分析,采用全髋关节翻修术治疗.男3例,女2例;年龄55～68岁.术中取出假体进行分析,探讨涂层脱落发生的原因.对照组为翻修术取下的正常假体(10例).使用组织形态学观察断面的表面形态和微结构,并用电子数显外径千分尺测量碎片厚度,维式硬度计测量涂层的维式硬度(HV),以及Push-out试验测量界面抗剪切强度.对髋关节功能进行Harris评分.结果:对照组和试验组组织形态学观察有区别.2例HA涂层脱落患者涂层厚度分别为112、138μm;维氏硬度分别为5 843、4 524 Hv;抗剪切强度分别为12.4、11.6 MPa.3例钛珠涂层脱落患者术后Harris评分分别为82、88及87分.结论:多种原因可同时导致假体涂层脱落,但临床上碰到的涂层脱落的病例多与假体质量有关,现有各种方法可以明显提高涂层与假体之间的结合强度,从而预防涂层的早期脱落.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

KT2000测量膝关节后交叉韧带损伤后关节稳定性变化及测量值分析(附32例报告)

目的:测量后交叉韧带损伤对膝关节后稳定性的影响并据此提出汉族人群膝关节后交叉韧带损伤后采用KT2000诊断的参考标准?方法:2003年1月~2008年6月,收治的91例膝关节后交叉韧带损伤患者中,使用KT2000 Knee Ligament Arthrometer分别测量健患侧膝关节,对符合入选条件者32例,得出其在15?20?30磅应力时胫骨股骨之间的前后移动距离,运用配对t检验进行分析,并通过关节镜手术中视野观察来确诊以统计其诊断准确率?结果:患侧与健侧在15?20磅时胫骨前移,20磅时胫骨后移均存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);30磅时胫骨前后移存在显著差异,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)?且30磅应力胫骨后移时,95%患者健患侧差异值>1.40 mm?结论:膝关节后交叉韧带损伤后膝关节后稳定性降低,且KT2000作为一种新的辅助手段用于膝关节后交叉韧带损伤的诊断和疗效评价,提出诊断参考值为30磅应力时胫骨后移差异(>1.40)mm?     

鼻腔恶性肿瘤的CT诊断（附16例报告）

目的：提高鼻腔恶性肿瘤的诊断水平。材料与方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的16例鼻腔恶性肿瘤的CT表现,结合双盲阅片,评估CT对鼻腔衣、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。结果：16例中,13例密度不均,边界模糊,3例密度较均匀,境界清楚,双盲阅片结果表明,CT可对94％的鼻腔肿瘤正确定性,但不能确认其组织学类型。结论：CT对鼻腔恶性肿瘤可以正确定性,并确定肿瘤侵犯范围。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.