肝硬化相关结节的MRI研究与进展

肝硬化结节癌变经历再生结节、低级别不典型增生结节、高级别不典型增生结节到小肝癌,是一个多步骤的过程,其演变过程中重要的特征是血流动力学的改变.早期诊断和鉴别这些不同性质的肝硬化结节非常重要,MRI作为无创性的影像学方法,在肝硬化相关结节的诊断中起着重要作用,就肝硬化相关结节的MRI的研究进展予以综述.     

USPIO增强MRI应用于结直肠癌淋巴结微转移的研究进展

淋巴结微转移是早期结直肠癌根治术后复发、转移的可能原因,超小超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)磁共振增强淋巴结靶向成像技术可以用于检测淋巴结的微转移.从淋巴结靶向对比剂USPIO的结构和药代动力学、增强成像原理、MRI检查方法、影像分析和诊断标准以及不足等几个方面予以综述.     

血液透析病人中心静脉狭窄的介入治疗

中心静脉狭窄是血液透析病人常见的并发症,常引起上肢持续肿胀等典型临床症状,其发展受多种因素影响,其中中心静脉导管置入或留置是最主要的危险因素.血管造影是中心静脉狭窄诊断的金标准,可直接显示狭窄静脉的具体部位、程度.中心静脉狭窄的介入治疗主要包括血管球囊扩张成形术和血管支架植入术,且安全、有效,已逐渐成为治疗的首选.     

基于持续质量改进预防住院患者跌倒的护理管理模式

跌倒是指身体任何部位因为失去平衡而意外撞击地面或其他平面的物体。跌倒在我国意外伤害死因顺位中居第4位,在65岁以上的老年人中居首位,85岁以上的老年人中比例最高。5％～15％的跌倒会造成脑部损伤、软组织挫伤、骨折和脱臼等伤害。     

加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道感染的药物经济学分析

药物经济学是一门应用经济学原理和方法来研究和评估药物治疗的成本与效果及其关系的边缘学科,其目的就是以有限的药物资源实现最大的健康效果改善。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,含氟喹诺酮类药物在治疗下呼吸道感染中发挥着重要作用,尤其是新一代含氟喹诺酮类衍生物的产生,使其药理活性明显拓宽。     

微创颅内血肿清除手术治疗50例高血压性脑出血临床疗效分析

目的：分析微创颅内血肿清除手术治疗50例高血压性脑出血临床疗效。方法将2010年3月-2012年10月我院收治的100例高血压脑出血患者分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组采用微创颅内血肿清除术进行治疗,对照组采用传统内科保守治疗进行治疗,观察两组的临床疗效。结果观察组患者经过治疗后,治愈率达到了92.34%;对照组患者经过治疗后,治愈率为83.57%,两组患者对比具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论微创颅内血肿清除术能够有效的治疗高血压性脑出血,且创伤较小,恢复快,值得在临床中推广。     

THE PROGRAMME OF WORK OF COMMITTEE 2 OF ICRP ON INTERNAL DOSIMETRY

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CLINICAL EFFECTS ON 149 CASES OF INFANTILE DIARRHEA TREATED WITH RAPID-STICKING MOXATHERAPY Attaching 35 contrasted cases with western medicine

Of 149 cases.infantile diarrhea were treated with Zhou's multiapplied rapid-sticking herbomoxa-pen.The main acupoints selected were Auriculoapex,Tianshu(ST 25),Zusanli(ST 36),Shenshu(BL 23),etc.TWO groups were observed,32 cases from the 149 cases as therapid-sticking moxatherapy(RSMT)group who suffered from the acute diarrhea without any thera-peutics before,and the other 35 cases with western medicine as the control group.Results showedthat the recovering rate and the average therapeutic course of healing in RSMT group were higher andshorter than that in control one(P<0.05;P<0.01),even without marked difference of the total ef-fective rates between the two groups(P>0.05).Of 149 cases with RSMT,the therapeutic effect onacute ones was better than those on delayed and chronic ones(P<0.05),yet the difference was notmarked in therapeutic effects between the etiological causes of infections and non-infections(P> 0.0.5).It is therefore worthy of popularizing RSMT due to its remarked curative results without anyside-effect,simply-manipulated and well-accepted features.     

Remissions in maternal depression and child psychopathology: a STAR*D-child report

Context  Children of depressed parents have high rates of anxiety, disruptive, and depressive disorders that begin early, often continue into adulthood, and are impairing. Objective  To determine whether effective treatment with medication of women with major depression is associated with reduction of symptoms and diagnoses in their children. Design  Assessments of children whose depressed mothers were being treated with medication as part of the multicenter Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial conducted (between December 16, 2001 and April 24, 2004) in broadly representative primary and psychiatric outpatient practices. Children were assessed by a team of evaluators not involved in maternal treatment and unaware of maternal outcomes. Study is ongoing with cases followed at 3-month intervals. Setting and Patients  One hundred fifty-one mother-child pairs in 8 primary care and 11 psychiatric outpatient clinics across 7 regional centers in the United States. Children were aged 7 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures  Child diagnoses based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; child symptoms based on the Child Behavior Checklist; child functioning based on the Child Global Assessment Scale in mothers whose depression with treatment remitted with a score of 7 or lower or whose depression did not remit with a score higher than 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results  Remission of maternal depression after 3 months of medication treatment was significantly associated with reductions in the children's diagnoses and symptoms. There was an overall 11% decrease in rates of diagnoses in children of mothers whose depression remitted compared with an approximate 8% increase in rates of diagnoses in children of mothers whose depression did not. This rate difference remained statistically significant after controlling for the child's age and sex, and possible confounding factors (P = .01). Of the children with a diagnosis at baseline, remission was reported in 33% of those whose mothers' depression remitted compared with only a 12% remission rate among children of mothers whose depression did not remit. All children of mothers whose depression remitted after treatment and who themselves had no baseline diagnosis for depression remained free of psychiatric diagnoses at 3 months, whereas 17% of the children whose mothers remained depressed acquired a diagnosis. Findings were similar using child symptoms as an outcome. Greater level of maternal response was associated with fewer current diagnoses and symptoms in the children, and a maternal response of at least 50% was required to detect an improvement in the child. Conclusions  Remission of maternal depression has a positive effect on both mothers and their children, whereas mothers who remain depressed may increase the rates of their children's disorders. These findings support the importance of vigorous treatment for depressed mothers in primary care or psychiatric clinics and suggest the utility of evaluating the children, especially children whose mothers continue to be depressed.