Oxygen Reverses Deficits of Cognitive Function and Memory and Increased Heart Rate Induced by Acute Severe Isovolemic Anemia

Background: Erythrocytes are transfused to improve oxygen delivery and prevent or treat inadequate oxygenation of tissues. Acute isovolemic anemia subtly slows human data processing and degrades memory, increases heart rate, and decreases self-assessed energy level. Erythrocyte transfusion is efficacious in reversing these effects of acute anemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) to 350 mmHg or greater would supply sufficient oxygen to be equivalent to augmenting hemoglobin concentration by 2-3 g/dl and thus reverse the effects of acute anemia.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers, aged 28 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), were tested with verbal memory and standard, computerized neuropsychologic tests before and twice after acute isovolemic reduction of their hemoglobin concentration to 5.7 +/- 0.3 g/dl. Two sets of tests were performed in randomized order at the lower hemoglobin concentration: with the volunteer breathing room air or oxygen. The subject and those administering the tests and recording the results were unaware which gas was administered. As an additional control for duration of the experiment, 10 of these volunteers also completed the same tests on a separate day, without alteration of hemoglobin concentration, at times of the day similar to those on the experimental day. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and self-assessed sense of energy were recorded at the time of each test.

Results: Reaction time for digit-symbol substitution test increased, delayed memory was degraded, mean arterial pressure and energy level decreased, and heart rate increased at a hemoglobin concentration of 5.7 g/dl (all P < 0.05). Increasing Pao2 to 406 +/- 47 mmHg reversed the digit-symbol substitution test result and the delayed memory changes to values not different from those at the baseline hemoglobin concentration of 12.7 +/- 1.0 g/dl, and decreased heart rate (P < 0.05). However, mean arterial pressure and energy level changes were not altered with increased Pao2 during acute anemia.     

The Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Tripterygium hypoglaucum on NK Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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缬沙坦治疗顽固性心力衰竭的疗效观察

顽固性心力衰竭（心衰）是临床上的难题，是指经过各种治疗措施均无明显改善的心衰。我们应用缬沙坦治疗19例顽固性心衰患，取得了预期的效果，报道如下。[第一段]     

医学微生物实验课的设计与管理

为了培养医学生解决实际问题的能力，训练学生树立创新的意识和严谨的科学作风以及团结协作的精神品德，本文提出了几条关于医学微生物实验课的设计原则，并且提出了几条医学微生物实验室的管理建议，以防止实验室微生物感染事件的发生。     

Down-regulation amyloid β-protein 42 production by interfering with transcript of presenilin 1 gene with siRNA

AIM:ToinvestigatethepathogenesisofAβ42yieldingandnewdrugtargetsaswellasthepossibilityofRNAinterference(RNAi)techniquefortreatmentofAlzheimerdisease(AD).METHODS:HumanADpresenilin1(PS1)cDNAsequencewasobtainedfromNCBIwebsite.ThethreesitesofRNAiactionandonemissensecontrolsitewereselectedinPS1cDNAthroughonlinedesignofAmbioncompany.Toconfirmspecificityofthesesites,weconductedaBLASTsearchoftheIMAGEESTlibrary.Thecorrespondingdouble-strandedDNAwasusedtoconstructpSilencer3.1-H1p…     

Dual Exposure to Sevoflurane Improves Anesthetic Preconditioning in Intact Hearts

Background: Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) with sevoflurane reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The authors tested whether two brief exposures to sevoflurane would lead to a better preconditioning state than would a single longer exposure and whether dual exposure to a lower (L) concentration of sevoflurane would achieve an outcome similar to that associated with a single exposure to a higher (H) concentration.

Methods: Langendorff-prepared guinea pig hearts were exposed to 0.4 mm sevoflurane once for 15 min (H1-15; n = 8) or 0.4 mm (H2-5; n = 8) or 0.2 mm sevoflurane (L2-5; n = 8) twice for 5 min, with a 5-min washout period interspersed. Sevoflurane was then washed out for 20 min before 30 min of global no-flow ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Control hearts (n = 8) were not subjected to APC. Left ventricular pressure was measured isovolumetrically. Ventricular infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining and cumulative planimetry. Values are expressed as mean +/- SD.

Results: The authors found a better functional return and a lesser percentage of infarction on reperfusion in H2-5 (28 +/- 9%) than in H1-15 (36 +/- 8%; P < 0.05), L2-5 (43 +/- 6%; P < 0.05), or control hearts (52 +/- 7%; P < 0.05).     

我国汉族人群Megsin基因C2093T、Uteroglobin基因G38A多态性分布特征的研究

[目的]研究我国汉族人群megsin基因C2093T及uteroglobin基因G38A多态性的分布特征,并与已报道的国外人群数据比较.[方法]提取201例汉族人基因组DNA,PCR分别扩增含megsin基因C2093T、uteroglobin基因G38A片段,采用限制性内切酶技术鉴定基因型,并以直接测序证实酶切结果.[结果]所调查的我国汉族人群megsin基因C2093T多态性分布为CC型85例(42.3%),CT型83例(41.3%),TT型33例(16.4%),与国外人群相比,CC型分布频率显著高于匈牙利人群(χ2=7.917,P=0.005),而TT型分布频率显著低于匈牙利人群(χ2=6.228,P=0.01).C和T等位基因频率分析显示我国汉族人群同样与匈牙利人群存在显著性差异(χ2=11.485,P=0.001).Uteroglobin GG、GA和AA3种基因型及等位基因频率和日本、匈牙利、意大利、朝鲜人群比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05).[结论]我国汉族正常人群mesgsinC2093T基因多态性不同于匈牙利人群,T等位基因频率显著低于匈牙利人群.这种差异有可能是导致一些疾病在不同种族间发病率和临床表现上存在显著不同的因素之一.我国汉族人群uteroglobin G38A多态性与已报道的国外人群则没有显著差异.     

黄芪注射液治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭42例

心力衰竭(心衰)是各种心脏病的严重阶段,其发病率高,5年存活率与恶性肿瘤相仿。在美国心脏病学院2 0 0 3年年会开幕式的SIMON DACK讲座上,B raunwa ld教授将心衰称为心脏病最后的大战场,近期内的发病率仍将继续增长。因此,心衰正在成为2 1世纪最重要的心血管病症。我们对住院的     

辨证看待糖尿病与吃糖的关系

王大妈体检时被确诊为糖尿病,她有点迷惑:自己平时极少吃甜的东西,怎么会得糖尿病呢。和王大妈一样,很多人一提到“糖尿病”就联想到“糖”,总觉得是糖吃多了引起的。其实这种说法不科学。糖也叫碳水化合物,包括单糖(葡萄糖和果糖)、双糖(蔗糖、麦芽糖和乳糖等)以及多糖(淀粉类     

Effect of water restrictions on the physiological parameters,psychological behavior and brain c-Fos expression in rat

1 Introduction Exposure to hostile stressors causes a series of coor- dinated responses in the body, such as alterations of neu- roendocrine secretion, immune reaction and behavioral manifestation to maintain homeostasis stability and sur-vival of the organisms. Stressors are divided into two main categories: physical, or systemic, and psychological, or emotional / processive. Each stressor might activate a spe- cific central pathway to induce a special neuroendocrine response, even cause stre…