重症胰腺炎病死原因分析:附144例

目的 分析重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的主要病死原因,提高诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析1997年6月至2006年5月收治的1162例SAP病人,其中病死144例(12.39%),放弃治疗82例(7.06%),痊愈936例(80.55%),对病死组与痊愈组的临床资料进行统计学分析.结果 病死组APACHEⅡ评分和胰腺Balthazar CT评分高于存活组;病死组单一器官功能不全、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的百分率与存活组比较有统计学差异;无明显诱因的SAP病死率明显高于有诱因者.结论 中西医结合非手术疗法是治疗SAP可供选择的方法,无明显诱因的SAP是当前治疗的难题,胰腺的病变程度轻重及全身情况好坏是影响SAP病死率的首要原因,早期诊断和治疗是降低其病死率的关键,维护重要器官功能的是其疗效的根本保障.     

以"益活清下"为主的中西医结合综合疗法治疗重症急性胰腺炎1 161例疗效报告

目的：在中医热病理论指导下，探讨进一步规范重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）中西医结合非手术治疗的原则和方案。方法：回顾性分析四川大学华西医院1994年1月2003年12月综合运用中医益气救阴、活血化瘀、清热解毒、通里攻下（简称“益活清下”）疗法治疗的1161例SAP患者临床资料，评价该疗法对病死率、并发症发生率及手术率的影响，验证SAP的中医热病观理论框架及“益活清下”疗法对SAP的价值。结果：1161例患者的总体手术率为19．38％，主要并发症的总体发生率为34．71％，病死率降低至10．77％。结论：中医热病理论较好地诠释了SAP的证候特点和病机传变规律，“益活清下”非手术治疗对SAP是有效的治疗方法，中药治疗SAP具有多靶位、综合调节的特点，并贯穿于4期的始终，手术治疗主要针对病程后期继发的胰腺感染并发症，早期手术指征应从严掌握。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断与外科治疗

目的总结分析胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床特征及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析我院近10年经外科治疗的胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者12例,手术方式包括胆道T管引流,胆肠吻合术,胰肠吻合术,Whipple术及保留十二指肠的胰头次全切除术等。结果行胆道T管引流术两例术后近期情况良好,1例胰头肿块消失。行胆肠吻合术和/或胰肠吻合术8例胰头肿块持续存在,3例疼痛复发,1例胰头肿块恶变。切除胰头病灶2例症状完全缓解,未见糖尿病加重等并发症。结论胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头肿瘤难以鉴别,应根据临床症状与胆道、胰腺病变的具体情况选择外科治疗时机与方式。胆道T管引流仅在严格选择的病例施行,单纯胰肠吻合、胆肠吻合术等引流术式疗效不理想,各种方式的胰头切除术效佳,兼顾了胰头肿块活检假阴性的风险或炎性病灶恶变的可能。     

移植物局部Th1和Th2型细胞因子在猪胰肾联合移植门脉和体静脉回流术式的表达及其意义

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of local Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the grafts of pig simultaneous pancreas-kidney with portal versus systemic venous drainage. Methods Fifty-eight non-related and first hybrid landraces were divided into Sham (n = 10), PE (portal-enteric drainage) (n =24) and SE ( systemic-enteric drainage) (n =24) groups. Type 1 diabetic mellitus was induced by whole pancreatectomy ,and right-side nephrectomy was also performed in the recipients. The pigs in sham group were only subjected to ]aparotomy. The portal vein was anastomosed to superior mesenteric vein of the recipient in PE group or to the inferior hepatic cava of the recipients in SE group. The tissues of the graft pancreas and kidney were obtained by surgery for detecting the expression of mRNA and protein of IFN-γand IL4 by RT-PCR and ELISA on the day 3,and 7 after transplantation. Results Compared with sham group,the local expression of mRNA and protein of IFN in the graft pancreas and kidney of both SE and PE groups was significantly up-regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) ( On the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups :in the graft pancreas, [ (3.36±0.25 ), (7.72±0.67 ), and ( 6.52±0.34 ) pg/mg protein ];in the graft kidney, [ ( 3.66±0.28 ), ( 10.83±1.48 ), and (7.79±0.60) pg/mg protein ]. The local expression of mRNA and protein of IL-4 was significantly up-regulated in PE group (P < 0.05 ), but down-regulated or no expression was detected in group SE (on the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups:in the graft pancreas, [ (7.18±0.16), (6.10±0.16) ,and (20.66±1.47) pg/mg protein];in the graft kidney, [ (5.74±0.48) ,(10.38±0.92) ,and ( 19.66±1.57) pg/mg protein]. Conclusion That the blood flow of graft pancreas passes by liver in SPK with PVD can induce a Th1 to Th2 inmaune shift. This may be one of mechanisms of immunologic benefits of PVD.     

一期阑尾切除盲肠造瘘治疗结肠癌引起的闭袢性肠梗阻2例报告

我院对2例有严重合并症、全身情况极差的结肠癌伴闭袢性肠梗阻的患者用一期阑尾切除、阑尾残端造瘘来代替近端结肠造瘘,然后行二期根治性肿瘤切除手术,取得满意疗效。2例均为男性,年龄分别为62岁、76岁。肿瘤分别位于乙状结肠起始段和横结肠左半。1例合并糖尿病和高血压,入院时血糖达174ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ;另1例合并冠心病房颤、高血压、脑血栓后偏瘫、出血性胃炎、肺炎。梗阻时间分别为20天和4天。患者存在严重水、电解质和酸碱失衡,全身情况衰竭。在局麻下作右侧小麦氏切口入腹,切除阑尾,经阑尾残端置多侧孔肛管造瘘。术后配合积极的综合治疗,患…     

移植物局部Th1和Th2型细胞因子在猪胰肾联合移植门脉和体静脉回流术式的表达及其意义

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of local Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the grafts of pig simultaneous pancreas-kidney with portal versus systemic venous drainage. Methods Fifty-eight non-related and first hybrid landraces were divided into Sham (n = 10), PE (portal-enteric drainage) (n =24) and SE ( systemic-enteric drainage) (n =24) groups. Type 1 diabetic mellitus was induced by whole pancreatectomy ,and right-side nephrectomy was also performed in the recipients. The pigs in sham group were only subjected to ]aparotomy. The portal vein was anastomosed to superior mesenteric vein of the recipient in PE group or to the inferior hepatic cava of the recipients in SE group. The tissues of the graft pancreas and kidney were obtained by surgery for detecting the expression of mRNA and protein of IFN-γand IL4 by RT-PCR and ELISA on the day 3,and 7 after transplantation. Results Compared with sham group,the local expression of mRNA and protein of IFN in the graft pancreas and kidney of both SE and PE groups was significantly up-regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) ( On the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups :in the graft pancreas, [ (3.36±0.25 ), (7.72±0.67 ), and ( 6.52±0.34 ) pg/mg protein ];in the graft kidney, [ ( 3.66±0.28 ), ( 10.83±1.48 ), and (7.79±0.60) pg/mg protein ]. The local expression of mRNA and protein of IL-4 was significantly up-regulated in PE group (P < 0.05 ), but down-regulated or no expression was detected in group SE (on the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups:in the graft pancreas, [ (7.18±0.16), (6.10±0.16) ,and (20.66±1.47) pg/mg protein];in the graft kidney, [ (5.74±0.48) ,(10.38±0.92) ,and ( 19.66±1.57) pg/mg protein]. Conclusion That the blood flow of graft pancreas passes by liver in SPK with PVD can induce a Th1 to Th2 inmaune shift. This may be one of mechanisms of immunologic benefits of PVD.     

移植物局部Th1和Th2型细胞因子在猪胰肾联合移植门脉和体静脉回流术式的表达及其意义

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of local Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the grafts of pig simultaneous pancreas-kidney with portal versus systemic venous drainage. Methods Fifty-eight non-related and first hybrid landraces were divided into Sham (n = 10), PE (portal-enteric drainage) (n =24) and SE ( systemic-enteric drainage) (n =24) groups. Type 1 diabetic mellitus was induced by whole pancreatectomy ,and right-side nephrectomy was also performed in the recipients. The pigs in sham group were only subjected to ]aparotomy. The portal vein was anastomosed to superior mesenteric vein of the recipient in PE group or to the inferior hepatic cava of the recipients in SE group. The tissues of the graft pancreas and kidney were obtained by surgery for detecting the expression of mRNA and protein of IFN-γand IL4 by RT-PCR and ELISA on the day 3,and 7 after transplantation. Results Compared with sham group,the local expression of mRNA and protein of IFN in the graft pancreas and kidney of both SE and PE groups was significantly up-regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) ( On the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups :in the graft pancreas, [ (3.36±0.25 ), (7.72±0.67 ), and ( 6.52±0.34 ) pg/mg protein ];in the graft kidney, [ ( 3.66±0.28 ), ( 10.83±1.48 ), and (7.79±0.60) pg/mg protein ]. The local expression of mRNA and protein of IL-4 was significantly up-regulated in PE group (P < 0.05 ), but down-regulated or no expression was detected in group SE (on the day 7, protein expression in sham, SE, and PE groups:in the graft pancreas, [ (7.18±0.16), (6.10±0.16) ,and (20.66±1.47) pg/mg protein];in the graft kidney, [ (5.74±0.48) ,(10.38±0.92) ,and ( 19.66±1.57) pg/mg protein]. Conclusion That the blood flow of graft pancreas passes by liver in SPK with PVD can induce a Th1 to Th2 inmaune shift. This may be one of mechanisms of immunologic benefits of PVD.     

实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎血液流变学的初步观察

我们在急性坏死性胰腺炎动物模型上进行了血液流变学的动态观察,发现一些很有意义的结果,报告如下。材料与方法杂种犬9只,体重7.5~12.okg。用硫喷妥钠25也g/kg体重作静脉麻醉。左腹股沟作切口显露股静脉,供反复穿刺取血用。术前右肘静脉穿刺输入5%GNS(50Oml),至术后输完为止。经上腹正中切口入     

急性胆源性胰腺炎

胆道与胰腺的解剖与功能互有联系 ,急性胰腺炎的发病胆道因素占有很大比例。在国外以胆囊结石、继发性胆管结石特别是小结石的自然排石过程常是其发生和复发的直接原因 ,因而将此统称之为胆石性胰腺炎。在我国原发性胆管结石、胆道蛔虫症及胆道感染等因素也占重要比重 ,因而较之更为复杂 ,所以称胆源性胰腺炎较为合理。胆道结石的嵌顿、梗阻、排石过程和胆道蛔虫感染这些刺激对壶腹括约肌的损伤引起胰胆出口的痉挛、充血、水肿 ,都导致胆胰管排空不畅和压力升高 ,加上胆胰结合部的不同方式 ,易致胆汁向胰液的返流 ,致使部分病人发生急性胰腺炎或慢性胰腺炎的反复急性发作 ,其中 ,胆胰管出口的排空不畅处于中心的地位 ,并易导致种种并发症的发生。内镜乳头切开引流常是有用的手段。如何认识、诊断和及时进行有效治疗 ,是应该进行充分讨论和达到共识的。现谨约请有关专家就此进行评述。———编者