某钨矿矽肺因结核死因减寿的探讨

某钨矿矽肺因结核死因减寿的探讨广东大宝山矿卫生防疫站（曲江县沙溪，５１２１２８）刘赣生，张婉，彭伟任江西西华山钨矿职工医院夏近仁，杨尊道，黎家信矽肺一旦合并结核病情加重恶化，死亡率极高￣［１］，作者曾观察分析了３０年矽肺结核与单纯矽肺的生存率￣［２］...     

膀胱移行细胞癌分级诊断的研究中三种定量分析方法的评价

应用ＨＩ－ＣＩ真彩色病理图像分析仪对８６例移行细胞癌的核形态，ＤＮＡ量和ＡｇＮｏＲｓ颗粒进行了定量分析。三种方法分别和综合作分级判别分析。分级结果与ＷＨＯ分级结果对比并分析他们与预后的关系。结果证明，三种定量方法在膀胱癌分级诊断中都是比较客观而有价值的方法。１级癌的判别效果最好，一致率为９０．９％～１００％。各种方法分级与ＷＨＯ一致率以形态定量法较好，为８６．０％，ＡｇＮｏＲｓ为７７．９％，ＤＮＡ为７６．７％。对预后估计的价值以ＡｇＮｏＲｓ法最好，ＤＮＡ法次之。三种方法综合分级判别可稍提高分级诊断一致率，达８８．４％。     

锰超氧化物歧化酶对脑肿瘤的辅助诊断意义

目的:探讨血清锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)与颅内良恶性肿瘤的关系。方法:采用黄嘌吟氧化酶法测定了50例脑肿瘤患者血清Mn-SOD活性,并做相关性分析。结果:①星形细胞瘤各组血清Mn-SOD活性均明显低于脑膜瘤组及正常对照组(P<0.01);星形细胞瘤Ⅲ、Ⅵ级组亦明显低于星形细胞Ⅰ、Ⅱ级组(P<0.01);而脑膜瘤组与正常对照组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②术后10d星形细胞瘤各组血清Mn-SOD活性较术前明显升高(P<>0.01),而脑膜瘤组较术前无明显改变。③复发性星形细胞瘤Mn-SOD水平较术后10d明显下降(P<0.01),接近于术前水平。结论:随脑肿瘤恶性程度的增加,血清Mn-SOD活性降低;Mn-SOD可作为鉴别脑肿瘤良恶性的辅助指标,并可为早期诊断复发提供帮助。     

两种导管在输卵管通液术中应用探讨

输卵管因素是继发性不孕症中最常见、最重要的因素之一，约占女性不孕症的25-50％（1），而输卵管通液术则是诊断和治疗该症的最常用方法，它以经济有效并且易于操作深受医患青昧。但事物都是一分为二的，临床实践中，也有部分患者在施术时出现一些小腹胀痛等不适感，个别严重者需终止手术。为尽量减少通液术中对患者的刺激，近几年，我们随机分别对金属导管与一次性子宫导管在输卵管通液术中的效果及不良反应各100例进行了比较分析。现将结果报导如下：[第一段]     

Peripheral Nerve Injury Sensitizes the Response to Visceral Distension but Not Its Inhibition by the Antidepressant Milnacipran

Background: Manipulations that cause hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli have been shown to also result in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes, but the converse has not been examined. The authors tested whether lumbar spinal nerve ligation in rats, a common model of neuropathic pain that results in hypersensitivity to somatic stimuli, also leads to hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli coming from convergent dermatomes and whether pharmacology of inhibition differed between these two sensory modalities.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated. Animals received either intrathecal saline or milnacipran (0.1-3 [mu]g), and withdrawal thresholds to mechanical testing in the left hind paw, using von Frey filaments, and visceral testing, using balloon colorectal distension, were determined.

Results: Nerve ligation resulted in decreases in threshold to withdrawal to somatic mechanical stimulation (from 13 +/- 1.8 g to 2.7 +/- 0.7 g) and also in decreases in threshold to reflex response to visceral stimulation (from 60 mmHg to 40 mmHg). Intrathecal milnacipran increased withdrawal threshold to somatic stimulation in a dose-dependent manner but failed to alter the response to noxious visceral stimulation.     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗。方法 :对 14例自发性食管破裂患者的诊断、治疗方法及治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果:本组确诊时间 2 4 h以内者仅 2例 ,确诊时间大于 2 4 h者 12例 ;一期食管修补、带蒂胸膜覆盖术 3例 ,治愈 1例 ,治疗失败 2例 (其中 1例死亡 ,1例延期行结肠代食管术后治愈 ) ;行破裂段食管切除、胃 -食管吻合术的 5例全部治愈 ;保守治疗 6例 ,治愈及死亡各 3例。结论:早期诊断自发性食管破裂是提高疗效、降低病死率的关键。发病 2 4 h以上者 ,如全身情况允许 ,破裂段食管切除、胃 -食管吻合术的疗效较好。     

免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者骨髓内转移癌细胞

作者等应用抗上皮膜抗原(EMA)、角蛋白(Keratin)单克隆抗体作为探针,检测乳癌患者骨髓内肿瘤细胞。已完成10例病人,4例骨髓中找到EMA和/或角蛋白阳性细胞。阳性细胞的特点是:1.胞浆内可见均质或颗粒状棕色显色,显示相应抗原的表达;2.瘤细胞