前臂后皮神经营养血管岛状筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的　探讨前臂后皮神经营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖,为该皮瓣的设计提供解剖学基础。方法 　使用24侧上肢标本和5具新鲜整尸标本,通过大体解剖、铸型和动脉造影等方法,研究前臂后皮神经及其 营养血管的起始、走行、分支、分布及彼此间的吻合规律。结果　前臂后皮神经起自桡神经,至前臂部主要分 为两支,分布于前臂后部桡侧2/3,其营养血管平均为7.2支,其中第一支最粗,并伴行最远,并和其他营养动 脉之间存在着丰富的吻合。结论　前臂后皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状筋膜皮瓣,可用于修复前臂及手部软组 织缺损。     

小腿后部穿支的3D可视化研究与皮瓣设计

目的：运用血管造影及其数字化模型探讨小腿后部各区穿支间的关系,为穿支皮瓣的临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法：（1）8具新鲜成人整尸,采用改良的氧化铅配方行一次性全身动脉造影。其中2具行连续螺旋CT扫描,对小腿进行三维重建。（2）将小腿后部分为上、中、下3区,层次解剖并配合x线摄影,观测各区穿支的定位、直径、走行、分支及其相互之间的吻合状况。结果：小腿后部共有外径≥0．5mm穿支（13±2．3）支,平均外径（0．8±0．2）mm,平均供血面积（38±9．0）cm2。上区的胭动脉穿支位置恒定且较粗大,向下与中区的胫后动脉、腓动脉之穿支形成不减少口径的真性吻合,其单穿支供血面积高达（55±20）cm2;下区穿支较细,沿跟腱两侧呈链状分布,向上与中区的穿支吻合。结论：小腿后部为良好的穿支皮瓣供区,中区可切取穿支皮瓣游离移植,上区与下区可分别切取近端蒂与远端蒂穿支皮瓣。     

小腿后部各区穿支间的关系与皮瓣设计

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.     

纤维蛋白原的临床意义及测定

纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen，Fg），分子量34万，由肝细胞合成和分泌，占血浆总蛋白的2％-3％，为机体止血生理中重要的凝血因子。正常人血浆中Fg浓度为2．0g／L-4．0g／L，半寿期约为3d，电泳分离显示在β2区带。Fg是一种急性时相反应蛋白，其增加往往是机体的一种非特异反应，常见于毒血症、肺炎、轻型肝炎、胆囊炎、肺结核等感染及肾病综合征、风湿热、恶性肿瘤、风湿性关节炎、脑血栓、脑梗死、心肌梗死等无菌性炎症；另外如外科手术、放射治疗、月经期及妊娠期也可见Fg轻度增高。Fg减少较少见，但当其〈1．0g／L时，机体可出现出血征象。一种先天性如缺乏症是极为罕见的遗传性疾病，通过常染色体隐性基因遗传，此患者肝脏不能合成Fg；继发性Fg减少的原因是由于纤维蛋白溶解酶溶解纤维蛋白所致，如胎盘早期剥离，     

小腿后部各区穿支间的关系与皮瓣设计

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.     

特殊形式穿支皮瓣及其衍生术式命名专家共识

穿支皮瓣是在传统轴型皮瓣基础上发展而来,以穿支血管供血,仅包括皮肤与浅筋膜组织的一种新型皮瓣,由于改变了深筋膜血管网是皮瓣赖以生存的传统观点,使皮瓣设计和形成更具灵活性和多样性 [ 1, 2, 3] 。2012年唐举玉 [ 4] 在...     

SDF-1及其受体CXCR4在皮瓣外科中的研究进展

<正>基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell-l derived factor1,SDF-1)是α趋化因子家族的一个新成员,可以动员干/祖细胞,通过与其受体CXCR4结合激活一系列信号通路,从而在组织创伤后诱导血管再生。大面积软组织缺损的修复重建常需要移植跨血管供区的大皮瓣,此类皮瓣移植后需要在不同供区之间建立起新的血液循环体系。最近研究证实:SDF-1及CXCR4轴可以促进血管新生,有助于皮瓣内血液循环体系的重建,从     

如何提高基层部队医疗检验设备的使用效能

基层部队医疗检验设备在管理、使用和维护上存在着诸多问题本文就如何提高医疗检验仪器设备的使用效能,如何提升基层部队的卫勤保障能力进行了初步的探讨.     

臀部肌肉注射数字化解剖学研究

目的为临床上确定臀部肌肉内注射的最佳部位及深度提供数字化解剖学依据。方法 (1)23具防腐标本,解剖观测臀肌注射位置与血管干、坐骨神经的距离及软组织厚度;(2)6具明胶-氧化铅灌注的新鲜整尸标本,CT扫描后,行盆部三维重建。结果三分法臀部肌内注射点处的软组织总厚度为(6.63±1.06)cm,臀肌间隙至髂骨翼骨膜的距离为(4.37±0.62)cm,注射针体距臀上血管主干和坐骨神经的距离分别为(5.87±0.93)cm和(7.46±0.94)cm;十字法臀部肌内注射定位点距坐骨神经的距离为(3.63±0.68)cm。结论连线法臀部肌内注射简易而安全,但目前成人常用的注射针头(2.7～4.9cm)普遍偏短,建议选择针梗长6cm以上的针头。     

小腿部主要穿支的形态学分析与皮瓣设计

目的:探讨小腿部穿支的出现规律,为临床提供良好的皮瓣切取部位、简单易行的皮瓣切取方法。方法:(1)6具(12侧)动脉灌注明胶-氧化铅混悬液的新鲜成人整尸标本,解剖取下整个下肢被覆组织拍摄X线片,观测皮动脉的数量以及彼此间的吻合情况等。利用Photoshop与ScionImage分析穿支供血的趋向性,血管密度变化趋势及每个分支的供血面积等。(2)红色乳胶灌注的下肢标本26侧,解剖观测外径≥0.5mm的穿支,测量其管径及其走行,分支、分布情况等。结果:每侧小腿部有外径≥0.5mm的穿支(30±13)支。其被覆组织内有4条明显的营养血管链沿皮神经及浅静脉分布。其中小腿内侧穿支的外径为(0.8±0.2)mm,供血面积为(32.6±13.3)cm2,总供皮面积可达293cm2。结论:小腿部单个穿支的供血面积较小,但由于血管链的存在而可以极方便的拓展小腿部皮瓣的裁取面积;小腿内侧及后部营养血管链紧邻,可互为解剖学供区与动力学供区。