猪脑出血血肿灶周脑白质超微结构改变

目的 观察猪脑出血后不同时间血肿灶周白质的超微结构的变化.方法 选取小猪15头,随机分为实验组12头和对照组(假手术组)3头,其中实验组1、3、5、7 d各3头.取血肿周围白质行超微结构观察,对照组(假手术后3 d)取相对应脑白质超微结构观察.结果 脑出血后1 d可见胶质细胞及神经纤维较明显的结构改变;3 d时病变最重;5-7 d,胶质细胞及纤维损伤有所减轻.结论 脑出血后宜尽早采取有效的干预措施,从始动环节上抑制或减轻继发性脑白质损伤.     

Neurogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells in hydrogel

Adipose tissue is a readily available source of adult stem cells with multipotent properties suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medical applications. Peptide hydrogel is a novel biomaterial which provides three-dimensional microenvironments for a variety of cells for tissue grafting. In this study, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from rats, seeded into the peptide hydrogel polymer scaffolds and cultured in Neurobasal (NB) media supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Ten days after the culture, some cells were expanded into clonal populations in which the expression of both Nestin and Brdu was detected but only Brdu expression was detected in the cells that were not expanded into clonal populations. Our results suggested that ADSCs in peptide hydrogel polymer scaffolds can be induced to differentiate into cells capable of expressing the neuron-associated markers, self-renewal and self-propagation.     

《脑静脉窦血栓形成的血管内溶栓治疗》述评

<正>脑静脉窦血栓形成(cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis,CVST)是一种相当少见的疾病,<所有卒中的1%。目前在临床实践中采取的治疗措施包括抗凝、溶栓和对症治疗。本文作者分析20例经DSA确诊的CVST患者,并行静脉窦置管溶栓治疗。作者所提供的资料真实可靠,相关数据显示其治疗效果显效率为80%,有效率为95%,说明此治疗方法对CVST行之有效。     

三阻滞疗法治疗膝痛症的临床研究

作者于2000年6～10月采用包括第3腰椎脊神经根阻滞、胫神经阻滞、腓总神经阻滞在内的三阻滞疗法和痛点阻滞两种方法治疗膝痛症,并进行了对比观察,现将结果报告如下.     

脑出血灶周缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达及其神经细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxiainduciblefactor-1α,HIF-1α)在脑出血灶周中的表达及其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法分别应用免疫组织化学技术和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的X-dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测37例脑出血灶周脑组织中HIF-1α的表达与神经细胞凋亡。结果37例脑出血灶周脑组织中HIF-1α阳性率为40.6%,HIF-1α在出血量>60ml时高表达,其阳性率为88.9%,与其它出血量(30～45ml、45～60ml)阳性率的表达比较有显著意义(P<0.05)。HIF-1α表达与手术时间明显相关,随着手术时间的推迟而增加,差别有显著性意义(P<0.05)。HIF-1α表达与AI呈正相关(n=15,r=0.56)(P<0.01)。结论脑出血后HIF-1α的表达与出血量及手术时间相关,为判断脑出血灶周缺血半暗带的存在提供了依据;对神经细胞凋亡有促进作用。     

神经干细胞和嗅鞘细胞联合移植与神经干细胞移植治疗实验性脑出血的比较

目的对比神经干细胞(NSCs)和嗅鞘细胞(OECs)联合移植与NSCs移植治疗大鼠脑出血的疗效。方法制作大鼠脑出血模型,记录细胞移植后对照组和移植组(NSCs组、NSCsOECs组)大鼠运动功能,采用免疫组化观察移植细胞在体内存活、分化和迁徙的情况。结果NSCsOECs组和NSCs组移植NSCs分别有14.19%和2.96%分化为神经元,差异有统计学意义(χ2=154.79,P<0.01),30d时神经功能缺损评分NSCs组为1.60±0.13,NSCsOECs组为1.01±0.11,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OECs移植后能存活、迁徙,NSCs移植后能存活、分化为神经元、星形和少突胶质细胞,并向损伤区迁徙。结论OECsNSCs移植改善脑出血大鼠运动功能的疗效优于单纯NSCs移植。     

pcDNA3-Bfgf真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建pcDNA3碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)真核表达质粒,为进一步开展bFGF基因治疗中枢神经疾病奠定基础.方法建立SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,经逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增脑细胞中bFGF基因;载体和RT-PCR产物经BamHI和EcoRI酶切,纯化,T4DNA连接酶连接,转化大肠杆菌,抗生素筛选重组质粒.结果 RT-PCR产物为649bp特异片段,pcDNA3咄FGF重组体菌落PCR产物为649 bp特异片段,测序分析为bFGF基因片段.结论经RT-PCR反应得到特异的bFGF基因片段,并成功构建了大鼠bFGF真核表达载体.     

pcDNA3-bFGF真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的 构建pcDNA3碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)真核表达质粒，为进一步开展bFGF基因治疗中枢神经疾病奠定基础。方法 建立SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，经逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增脑细胞中bFGF基因；载体和RT-PCR产物经BamHl和EcoRI酶切，纯化，T4 DNA连接酶连接，转化大肠杆菌，抗生素筛选重组质粒。结果 RT-PCR产物为649bp特异片段，pcDNA3-bFGF重组体茵落PCR产物为649bp特异片段，测序分析为bFGF基因片段。结论 经RT-PCR．反应得到特异的bFGF基因片段，并成功构建了大鼠bFGF真核表达载体。     

颅内血肿微创穿刺清除技术治疗基底节区脑出血

目的 介绍一种经过改良的血肿抽吸和引流方法 治疗基底节区脑出血--颅内血肿微创穿刺清除技术.方法 在CT辅助下对颅内血肿进行人工定位后,将直径3 mm的导管插入血肿,谨慎抽吸.之后反复复查CT并注入尿激酶引流,直至引流管尖端周围血肿消失.记录患者的临床特征,比较术前和拔管前的血肿体积、中线位移,格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分.结果 接受该方法 治疗的16例患者拔管前血肿体积明显小于术前血肿(P<0.01),血肿清除率平均为87%;术前和拔管前中线位移的平均长度分别为(10.96±2.78)、(3.30±1.85)mm,拔管前中线位移明显小于术前(P<0.01);拔管前患者GCS评分平均为(14.25±1.00),较术前(8.25±2.24)增加了6分(P<0.01).术后6个月随访,14例患者(87.5%)神经功能恢复良好,2例患者(12.5%)遗留严重残疾.结论 颅内血肿微创穿刺清除技术是大面积基底节区脑出血切实可行的、安全的微创治疗方法 .     

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Labeling of Neural Stem Cells and 4.7T MRI Tracking in vivo and in vitro

Neural stem cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and tracked by MRI in vitro and in vivo after implantation. Rat neural stem cells were labeled with SPIO combined with PLL by the means of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Prussian blue staining and electron mi-croscopy were conducted to identify the iron particles in these neural stem cells. SPIO-labeled cells were tracked by 4.7T MRI in vivo and in vitro after implantation. The subjects were divided into 5 groups, including 5×105 labeled cells cultured for one day after labeling, 5×105 same phase unla-beled cells, cell culture medium with 25 μg Fe/mL SPIO, cell culture medium without SPIO and dis-tilled water. MRI scanning sequences included T1WI, T2WI and T2WI. R2 and R2 of labeled cells were calculated. The results showed: (1) Neural stem cells could be labeled with SPIO and labeling efficiency was 100%. Prussian blue staining showed numerous blue-stained iron particles in the cyto-plasm; (2) The average percentage change of signal intensity of labeled cells on T1WI in 4.7T MRI was 24.06%, T2WI 50.66% and T2WI 53.70% respectively; (3) T2 of labeled cells and unlabeled cells in 4.7T MRI was 516 ms and 77 ms respectively, R2 was 1.94 s-1 and 12.98 s-1 respectively, and T2 was 109 ms and 22.9 ms, R2 was 9.17 s-1 and 43.67 s-1 respectively; (4) Remarkable low signal area on T2WI and T2WI could exist for nearly 7 weeks and then disappeared gradually in the left brain transplanted with labeled cells, however no signal change in the right brain implanted with unlabeled cells. It was concluded that neural stem cells could be labeled effectively with SPIO. R2 and R2 of labeled cells were increased obviously. MRI can be used to track labeled cells in vitro and in vivo.