TACE治疗原发性肝癌所致急性肝损伤与化疗栓塞容积的相关性研究

经动脉化疔栓塞术（Transarterial chemoembolization，TACE）是利用肝癌（Hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）的富血供特性，将化疗药直接注入肝动脉，使得肿瘤内具有很高的药物浓度从而降低全身的副作用。该治疗方法已成为不能行手术切除HCC患者的首选，但其远期疗效仍不如人意，究其原因，TACE所导致的肝功能损伤是一个不可忽视的原因。本文旨在探讨TACE后导致急性肝功能损伤的原因，总结出安全、有效的治疗方案。     

肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的影像表现

目的 分析肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的影像学特点并分型。方法 收集本院病理证实为肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的患者22例,分析其影像学特点,并对其进行分型。结果 22例患者共发现23个病灶。肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的典型影像特点包括晚期高强化（13/20）、中心坏死（12/23）及边缘包壳（12/23）。有核果型为最典型的形态学分型（8/23）,其次为无核果型（7/23）。结论 肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤多为单发结节样病变,病灶中心可见"虫蛀隧道"样坏死、边缘可见包壳、形似"有核果"为典型表现,晚期强化及边缘强化为其特征性表现。     

海藻酸钠微球颗粒子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨应用海藻酸钠微球颗粒(KMG)行子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法:35例子宫肌瘤患者接受子宫动脉栓塞治疗。子宫动脉栓塞方法为经导管双侧子宫动脉注入KMG,栓塞后随访复查,随访时间全部为6个月以上,观察子宫肌瘤的缩小及临床症状改善情况。结果:35例全部完成双侧超选择子宫动脉插管,技术成功率为100%。在有症状的29例中,25例(86.2%)症状有不同程度改善,其中月经症状改善最为显著。至栓塞后6个月时,肌瘤体积平均缩小49.3%,子宫体积平均缩小42.1%,所有患者随访期内肌瘤缩小后未再增大。术后最常见副反应即栓塞后综合征,所有病例随访期内均未出现其他严重副反应或并发症。结论:应用KMG行子宫动脉栓塞术是一种有效、可靠的治疗子宫肌瘤的治疗方法。     

Sesquiterpene lactones of Aucklandia lappa: Pharmacology,pharmacokinetics, toxicity,and structure–activity relationship

The medicinal part of Aucklandia lappa(Asteraceae) is its dried root,which is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.Here we reviewed sesquiterpene lactones isolated from A.lappa over the past ten years in the following aspects of pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,structure-activity relationship.Pharmacological activities consist of anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory activity,anti-immunity activity,anti-oxidant activity,antimicrobial activity,spasmolytic activity and so on.The extractive,showing similar pharmacokinetics parameters,may exert their various biological activities by the interaction of their α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety with the thiol groups of biomacromolecules through Michael-addition.However,the poor aqueous solubility,non-selective binding as a Michael acceptor at undesired targets limited clinical translation of this class.In order to evaluate the potential effect of the extractive applied in clinical trial,the present review outlines information on pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,and structure-activity relationship,as well as the future research directions of the extractive for further development and utilization of A.lappa.     

小儿输尿管息肉的IVP及CT影像分析

目的提高对小儿输尿管息肉IVP和CT影像特征的认识。方法收集经手术病理证实的小儿输尿管息肉10例,所有病例均行IVP和CT增强扫描。结果6例IVP显示梗阻段输尿管扩张,其内可见多种形态充盈缺损影;4例仅显示盂管交界处梗阻;9例CT检查显示管腔内软组织影,增强后动脉期轻微强化,延迟期显示更为清晰;1例显示局部管壁增厚。结论IVP和CT是诊断小儿输尿管息肉的有效方法,尤其是CT扫描能够提高诊断的准确率。     

肝门部胆管癌的血管造影表现分析

目的 通过总结肝门部胆管癌的血管造影表现。评价血管造影对胆管癌的诊断价值。方法 肝门部胆管癌患者20例，共32人次行肝动脉和间接门静脉血管造影。观察造影图像中肝总动脉，肝固有动脉，胃十二指肠动脉，肝右及肝左动脉，门静脉主干及其左右分支，肝静脉。结果 将20例共32人次的血管造影表现分为正常15.625%(5/32)，肿瘤染色15.625%(5/32)。血管受侵68.75%(22/32)三种。其中，以动脉血管（18/22）和门静脉（12/22）的受侵最常见，在动脉血管受侵中（18/32），动脉血管狭窄的发生率最高，为37.5%(12/32)。结论 在肝门部胆管癌的血管造影中，血管的不同程度受侵具有一定的特征性，可以作为其诊断的依据。同时，也为外科手术切除及临床预后判定提供了帮助。     

Evidence of active efflux in resistance to ciprofloxacin and to ethidium bromide by Mycoplasma hominis

The uptake of fluoroquinolones was characterized for the fluoroquinolone-susceptible strain PG21 of Mycoplasma hominis. Accumulation of fluoroquinolones appeared to occur by passive diffusion. Addition of arginine as the energizer significantly reduced the uptake of fluoroquinolones, suggesting the presence of an energy-dependent efflux process. Reserpine and orthovanadate, two multidrug pump inhibitors, increased significantly the ciprofloxacin (CIP) uptake. In contrast, such a strong effect was not observed for moxifloxacin and pefloxacin uptakes. Two ethidium bromide (EtBr)-resistant strains, selected in vitro, showed a resistance profile compatible with a multidrug-resistant phenotype, with increased MICs for the hydrophilic fluoroquinolones, CIP and norfloxacin, EtBr, and acriflavine. Taking the EtBr-resistant strain RB1La as a model, a significant decrease of the CIP and EtBr uptakes was observed compared to the reference strain PG21. In the presence of reserpine and orthovanadate, both inhibitors of ATP-dependent efflux pumps, the CIP uptake increased significantly, reaching approximately the same level as that of the susceptible strain. Similar results were obtained with EtBr uptake and efflux experiments. Our data suggest the presence of an active efflux system, possibly an ABC-type efflux pump, implicated in the resistance to CIP and unrelated compounds like EtBr in the human mycoplasma M. hominis.     

RNA versus DNA (NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 versus Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test v1.5) for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants in Senegal

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 platform (bioMérieux, France) to the Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test v1.5 (Roche Molecular Systems, Switzerland) in detecting HIV-1 infection in infants using venipuncture-derived whole blood in tubes and dried blood spots. A total of 149 dried blood spots and 43 EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood samples were collected throughout Dakar and other areas in Senegal from infants and children aged 3 weeks to 24 months who were born to HIV-1-infected mothers. Samples were tested using the NucliSENS and Amplicor technologies. The NucliSENS and Amplicor results were 100% concordant using either EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood or dried blood spots. Compared to Amplicor, the sensitivity and specificity of the NucliSENS test were 100%. The NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 RNA assay performed as well as the Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test in detecting HIV-1 infection in infants. In addition, this platform can give an indication of the viral load baseline. The NucliSENS EasyQ platform is a good alternative for early infant diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.     

Expression of decorin and collagens I and III in different layers of human skin in vivo: a laser capture microdissection study

Extracellular matrix (ECM) organization is a complex process that requires the coordinated efforts of many molecules. For the regulation of collagen fiber diameter, the proteoglycan decorin appears to be of major relevance. To investigate the role of decorin in the process of (photo-)aging in more detail, full-thickness punch biopsies were isolated from human buttock skin. Single exposure with two minimal erythemal doses of solar simulated irradiation caused down-regulation of decorin mRNA in young (n = 5) and old subjects (n = 5) after 24 h. Interestingly, decorin mRNA was elevated with age. To test the hypothesis that a decreased collagen-to-decorin-ratio impairs collagen structure we also investigated collagens I and III gene expression. Both were down-regulated with increasing age and after single UV-irradiation. As determined by laser capture microdissection-quantitative real time-Polymerase chain reaction (n = 11), decorin is mostly present in the reticular dermis while being absent from the papillary dermis. Minor expression was also observed in the epidermis. However, in contrast to full-thickness skin biopsies age-dependent changes in collagens I, III, and decorin expression could not be observed with this methodology indicating technical limitations. Together with our finding that collagens I and III mRNA are similarly expressed in the reticular and papillary dermis and are down-regulated by UV, our studies support the idea of a major role of decorin in ECM organization. Altered expression of decorin mRNA in the different dermal strata and a decrease in the collagen-to-decorin ratio inflicted by both age and ultraviolet irradiation possibly affect collagen bundle diameter and subsequently the mechanical properties of human skin.