显微镜下颈前路经颈椎间隙减压的手术技巧

[摘要]目的探讨显微镜下经椎间隙颈前路减压技术,总结手术技巧。方法2000年6月至2005年12月间于显微镜下共行颈前路经椎间隙减压术271例,均为颈椎间盘突出患者,其中单间隙178例、双间隙71例、三间隙22例。所有患者影像显示脊髓前方压迫、压迫程度轻到中度及轻度髓内改变。主要设备为脊柱外科专用手术显微镜和高速磨钻。高速磨钻磨除纤维环和部分椎体后壁,显露清理变性髓核,钩形剥离子提起后纵韧带后切断,再切除残余的后纵韧带及椎体后缘骨赘。结果271例手术无脊髓、神经、血管损伤并发症。手术时间(62±12.4) min,失血 (126±29.4) ml,下地时间为术后(1.8±0.4) d。所有患者术后神经功能均有不同程度改善,功能改善率优69例,良157例,中27例,差18例。结论经椎间隙减压适用于椎间隙平面的病变,显微镜下精细操作及高速磨钻有利于手术成功,术后椎间隙结构更符合颈椎生物力学特性。     

经颌下入路切除枢椎肿瘤及前方内固定应用

目的 探讨经颌下胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路切除枢椎肿瘤及前方内固定的应用.方法 2004年12月至2010年6月,采用经颌下胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路联合后路行枢椎肿瘤切除前后内固定术治疗枢椎肿瘤17例,男11例,女6例;年龄23～77岁,平均49岁;C2 11例,C2.34例,C2-42例;8例累及椎体,9例累及椎体及附件.原发性肿瘤14例,其中骨巨细胞瘤4例,浆细胞瘤4例,脊索瘤2例,嗜酸性肉芽肿2例,血管外皮瘤、淋巴瘤各1例;转移性肿瘤3例.前路肿瘤切除后采用钛网植骨及钛板垂直放置螺钉固定、钛网植骨及钛板斜行放置螺钉固定、钛网修剪后植骨螺钉固定3种方式行上颈椎前路内固定,均一期联合后路肿瘤切除枕颈内固定.结果 术后患者局部疼痛缓解,神经症状减轻或消失.术后随访6个月至6年.1例采用钛网植骨及钛板垂直放置螺钉固定的患者术后1个月发生螺钉松动退出,经翻修后融合,余16例患者均获融合.1例患者于术后9个月死于脑梗死.2例脊索瘤患者分别于术后13和18个月局部复发,1例死于高位瘫痪、呼吸衰竭,1例带瘤生存.2例转移癌患者分别于术后12和18个月因全身多处转移、衰竭而死亡.结论 经颌下胸锁乳突肌内侧缘入路可获得枢椎肿瘤切除与重建的良好显露.应用颈椎内固定系统可实现枢椎肿瘤切除后上颈椎稳定的前方重建.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate procedure and therapeutic effect of resection and reconstruction for axis tumors through the sub mandible approach. Methods Between December 2004 to June 2010,17 patients with axis neoplasm underwent tumor resection and antero-posterior reconstruction through the combined the sub mandible-inner sternocleidomastoid muscle (SMIS) approach and posterior approach. Tumor lesions involved C2 in 11 cases, C2-3 in 4, C2-4 in 2. Eight cases involved vertebral body, and 9 involved both vertebral body and element. Fourteen primary lesions including 4 giant cell tumors, 4 plasmocytomas, 2 chordomas, 2 eosinophilic granulomas, 1 hemangiopericytomas and 1 lymphoma, and 3 metastatic lesions were involved in this study. Three types of reconstruction in upper cervical spine including titanium mesh plus vertically placed titanium plate, titanium mesh plus obliquely placed titanium plate and trimmed titanium mesh alone, were adopted after anterior tumor resection, and then posterior tumor resection and reconstruction were performed. Results All patients experienced pain relief and neurological improvement after surgery. Except for one incidence of screw pull-out which was corrected by a revision surgery, solid fusion was achieved in all patients. A follow-up period of 6 months to 6 years was available for this study. One patient died of cerebral infarction 9 months postoperative. Two patients with chordoma relapsed 13 months and18 months postoperative, respectively, of whom one died of high plegia and respiratory failure, and the other was alive with disease. Two patients with metastasis died of multiple remote metastases 12 months and 18 months postoperative, respectively. Conclusion Through the SMIS apporach, a satisfactory exposure can be obtained for axis tumor resection and reconstruction. Anterior reconstruction of upper cervical spine after tumor resection can be achieved with internal fixation system of cervical spine, which can improve intraopera-tive safety. The combined anterior reconstruction and posterior occipito-cervcial fixation can provide immediate stability, and benefit maintaining stability of upper cervical spine.     

自动痔套扎联合硬化剂注射治疗Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度内痔的临床研究

目的 研究自动痔套扎(RPH)联合硬化剂注射治疗Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度内痔的临床效果。方法 2019年3月～2022年9月我院收治Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度内痔156例，按照随机数字表法分为3组，即痔结扎组、RPH组、RPH+硬化剂注射组，每组各52例，3组分别行痔结扎术、RPH术、RPH+硬化剂注射术。比较3组的手术时间、住院时间、痔块脱落时间、术后出血、术后肛门坠胀、术后肛缘水肿、术后肛门狭窄等指标。结果 3组病人有效率均达100%。痔结扎组手术时间、住院时间、痔块脱落时间方面分别为(34.13±5.80)分钟、(8.65±0.96)天和(5.94±0.46)天，RPH组分别为(22.81±1.95)分钟、(6.58±0.75)天、(8.02±0.43)天，RPH+硬化剂注射组分别为(23.73±2.02)分钟、(6.46±0.75)天、(8.00±0.56)天，RPH及RPH+硬化剂注射组与痔结扎组比较，痔块脱落时间延长，手术时间、住院时间缩短，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。痔结扎组术后出血为(177.40±30.45)ml, RPH组为(105.44±15.92)ml, RPH+硬化剂注射组为(...     

青年军人骨关节非军事训练伤临床病理研究

目的 探讨青年军人骨关节非军事训练伤临床病理特点。方法 回顾性分析青年军人因骨关节疾病外科手术且病理诊断不符合军事训练伤患者的临床病理情况。结果 32例青年军人骨关节疾病患者，均为男性，平均年龄27.9岁(20～39岁)，武警14例，海军10例，陆军6例，空军2例；战士26例，干部6例。椎体18例，其中颈椎2例，胸椎9例，腰骶椎10例。下肢关节13例，其中踝关节4例，股骨及髋关节5例，胫骨4例；上肢肩关节1例。病理诊断神经鞘瘤12例，骨异常纤维增殖症7例，骨软骨瘤3例，腰椎管内囊肿1例，腰椎血管瘤1例，椎间盘突出症1例，踝关节脂肪瘤1例和痛风结石1例。另恶性肿瘤5例，分别是侵袭性纤维瘤3例，淋巴造血肿瘤2例。结论 青年军人骨关节非军事训练伤以椎体疾病最常见，其次是下肢，病理诊断以良性肿瘤和瘤样病变多见，同时也要高度警惕少见的恶性肿瘤，避免误诊误治。