亚太地区青光眼的流行病学

原发性开角性青光眼是亚太地区第二主要的永久盲目原因.所以确定与开角性青光眼相关的流行病学和其危险因素是非常重要的.青光眼视神经损害的危险性随着年龄和眼内压的升高而增加.本文强调了我们对几个开角青光眼危险因素的研究:1.眼压升高;2.近视眼;3.怀疑视神经杯盘比增大;4.伴有视盘出血的视杯;5.视神经纤维缺损.被认为是具有原发性青光眼危险因素一般的和系统状态为:1.青光眼家族史;2.年龄增长;3.糖尿病;4.如视网膜中央静脉阻塞等的心血管状态;5.讨论青光眼对甲状腺素和皮质类固醇高反应的内分泌失调.     

260例青光眼白内障联合手术临床分析

目的：分析评价青光眼白内障联合手术的疗效。方法：对２６０例（２７９眼）行青光眼白内障联合手术的病例作回顾性分析,并将病人分为３组。Ⅰ组：白内障囊外摘除联合小梁切除术;Ⅱ组：白内障囊外摘除、人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术;Ⅲ组：超声乳化白内障吸出、人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术;并分析比较３组的术后视力、眼压和并发症。结果：３组病例术后视力≥０．３者分别为１６．３％、３２．４％和４３．５％,术后视力改善率分     

原发性先天性青光眼患者术后生活质量的评价

Objective To evaluate the 23-item scale of Quality of Life (QOL) for patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The QOL scale specific for patients with PCG was firstly evaluated on 51 patients with PCG following antiglaucomat surgery at last follow-up visit (7.80 years±2.93 years with a median at 7 years) and 50 participants with normal visual acuity (VA) as control. All participants were aged 5-20 years old. The QOL of PCG was evaluated with type of disease, severity, surgical outcome, postoperative VA, age, gender and personality by using single-factor correlation analysis and multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis. Results The PCG-QOL scale achieved good reliability, validity and responsibility for PCG and 23-item were all qualified for QOL evaluation of PCG. The total scores of QOL in patients with PCG were significantly lower than those of normal individuals (PCG 60.22±10.02,normal individuals 71.41±10.11;t=5.682, P=0.000). Single-factor correlation analysis showed that the total scores of QOL were associated significantly with the severity of glaucoma (F=24.026, P=0.000), surgical outcome (t=2.638, P=0.009) and postoperative VA (F=11.248, P=0.000) ; The visual function scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=12.677, P=0. 000) and postoperative VA (F=10.369, P=0.000) ; The self-care ability scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=11.064, P=0.000) and surgical outcome (t=2.297, P=0.042) ; The social and mental scores were all correlated significantly with the severity (F=6.869, P=0.020; F=5.721, P=0.019) and personality (t=4.352, P=0.009 ; t=2.297, P=0.042). Multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant correlations between total scores and the severity (β=-6.985, P=0.001 ), postoperative VA (β=-4.978, P=0.003 ) and personality (β=-5.201, P=0.020). Conclusions The PCG-QOL scale could be used for evaluating the QOL of PCG patients aged 5-20 years. The main factors that influence on the QOL of patients with PCG are severity of the disease, postoperative VA and personality. Preventing progression of glaucoma, improving VA and giving right psychological guidance may improve the QOL of patients with PCG.     

光学相干断层扫描仪在我国眼科临床的应用(一)

光学相干断层扫描仪(optical coherence tomography，OCT)是20世纪90年代初发展起来的新的影像学检查方法，90年代中应用于眼科临床。OCT的工作原理类似超声波，但其用光波代替声波。OCT利用低相干光对生物组织进行横截面扫描，并将所获取的信息转化为数字，经计算机处理，再以图     

光学相干断层扫描仪在我国眼科临床的应用(二)

1 OCT在视网膜前膜诊断及术后随访中的应用。OCT由于其独特的横截面成像技术，可以清楚地观察视网膜前膜各层的病理改变，并进行精确的测量。用OCT对特发性黄斑视网膜前膜进行检查可以观察到主要有4种图像特征：①视网膜前膜伴黄斑水肿，中心凹凹陷变浅或消失，神经上皮层下方为一暗区，视网膜内层见光带增强的前膜；②增生性视网膜前膜，黄斑中心凹厚度明显增加，神经上皮间或神经上皮下也可有暗区(水肿)，视网膜内层见光带增强增宽的前膜，亦可见前膜呈团块状向玻璃体腔凸起；③视网膜前膜伴假性黄斑裂孔形成，黄斑中心凹厚度增加或正常，中心凹呈陡峭状改变，周围视网膜厚度增加，可见光带增强的前膜；④视网膜前膜伴板层黄斑裂孔形成，中心凹神经上皮层部分缺失，中心凹周围的视网膜内层可见光带增强的前膜。利用OCT可以测量视网膜前膜黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度，并与视力进行相关分析，结果表明黄斑中心凹视网膜越厚，视力越差。     

原发性先天性青光眼患者术后生活质量的评价

Objective To evaluate the 23-item scale of Quality of Life (QOL) for patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The QOL scale specific for patients with PCG was firstly evaluated on 51 patients with PCG following antiglaucomat surgery at last follow-up visit (7.80 years±2.93 years with a median at 7 years) and 50 participants with normal visual acuity (VA) as control. All participants were aged 5-20 years old. The QOL of PCG was evaluated with type of disease, severity, surgical outcome, postoperative VA, age, gender and personality by using single-factor correlation analysis and multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis. Results The PCG-QOL scale achieved good reliability, validity and responsibility for PCG and 23-item were all qualified for QOL evaluation of PCG. The total scores of QOL in patients with PCG were significantly lower than those of normal individuals (PCG 60.22±10.02,normal individuals 71.41±10.11;t=5.682, P=0.000). Single-factor correlation analysis showed that the total scores of QOL were associated significantly with the severity of glaucoma (F=24.026, P=0.000), surgical outcome (t=2.638, P=0.009) and postoperative VA (F=11.248, P=0.000) ; The visual function scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=12.677, P=0. 000) and postoperative VA (F=10.369, P=0.000) ; The self-care ability scores were associated significantly with the severity (F=11.064, P=0.000) and surgical outcome (t=2.297, P=0.042) ; The social and mental scores were all correlated significantly with the severity (F=6.869, P=0.020; F=5.721, P=0.019) and personality (t=4.352, P=0.009 ; t=2.297, P=0.042). Multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant correlations between total scores and the severity (β=-6.985, P=0.001 ), postoperative VA (β=-4.978, P=0.003 ) and personality (β=-5.201, P=0.020). Conclusions The PCG-QOL scale could be used for evaluating the QOL of PCG patients aged 5-20 years. The main factors that influence on the QOL of patients with PCG are severity of the disease, postoperative VA and personality. Preventing progression of glaucoma, improving VA and giving right psychological guidance may improve the QOL of patients with PCG.     

先天性视网膜劈裂症的光学相干断层扫描图像特征

目的 探讨先天性视网膜劈裂症的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)图像特征及临床诊断价值。 方法 对临床拟诊或诊断为先天性视网膜劈裂症患者8例15只眼行OCT、直接检眼镜、眼底彩色照相检查,其中3例6只眼行视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)及荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查。 结果 先天性视网膜劈裂症的OCT图像表现为典型的黄斑区囊样改变,伴斜形或垂直的桥状组织相连;后极部视网膜神经上皮层之间分离,其间有桥状组织相连;纱膜样改变的OCT图像为内层神经上皮增厚,与外层神经上皮分离。 结论 OCT能在活体直观、清晰地显示先天性视网膜劈裂症中的视网膜神经上皮层组织结构的改变,为先天性视网膜劈裂症的临床诊断提供了一种有效的新的检测手段。 (中华眼底病杂志, 1999, 15: 209-211)     

川芎嗪对原发性开角型青光眼患者的治疗作用

目的 探讨中药川芎嗪对原发性开角型青光眼的血液流变学、眼底荧光血管造影以及视功能的影响。方法 采有自身对照的方法对眼压已控制的原发性开角型青光眼患者１１例（１９）眼进行川芎嗪治疗前后血液流变学测定、眼底蓉光血管造影、Ｈrmphrey视野检查以及图形视诱发电位（ＰＶＥＰ）检测。结果 用磷酸川芎嗪治疗后患者血液流变学各指标明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）;眼底荧光血管造影臂－脉络膜循环时间从隧的１４．６     

Optical coherence tomography in measuring retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal subjects and patients with open-angle glaucoma

Objectives To investigate image characteristics and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber la yer (RNFL) in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography ( OCT), and analyze the relationship between RNFL thickness and visual field index. Methods Eighty-three normal persons (150 eyes) and 83 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, 149 eyes) underwent OCT examinations with 3.4 mm diameter circ le scan to calculate the RNFL thickness. Statistical analysis was used to compa re differences in RNFL thickness in quadrants and means between the normal and g laucomatous groups and the different stages of POAG. Linear correlation and reg ression analysis were used to show the correlation between RNFL thickness and vi sual field index of 115 eyes in glaucomatous patients. Reproducibility, sensiti vity and specificity of RNFL measurements using OCT were evaluated.Results RNFL thickness measured by OCT in normal subjects was thicker in superior and in ferior, less in temporal, and thinnest in nasal quadrants. The curve showed dou ble peaks. RNFL of glaucomatous patients showed local thinning or defect, diffu se thinning, or both. The mean RNFL thicknesses of the normal group in the temp oral, superior, nasal and infeior quadrants were 90.1±10.8 μm, 140.4±10. 5 μm, 85.2±14.0 μm, and 140.4±9.7 μm, respectively with a mean of 1 14.2±6.0 μm.The numbers for the glaucomatous group were respectively 56.0 ±31.0 μm, 81.0±36.3 μm, 47.1±27.5 μm, and 73.4±38.4 μm for th e four quadrants, with a mean of 64.6±28.8 μm. There was a significant dif ference in RNFL thickness between the normal and glaucomatous groups (P<0. 000), and the three stages (early, developing and late) of glaucomatous groups ( P<0.000). There was a close negative relationship between RNFL thickness a nd visual field index (r=-0.796, P<0.0001). The sensitivity and speci ficity of RNFL thickness in POAG measured using OCT were 93.3% and 92.0%, res pectively.Conclusions OCT can quantitatively measure RNFL thickness differences between normal persons and glaucomatous patients. RNFL thickness gradually decreases while visual fie ld defect increases with the development of POAG.     

急性闭角型青光眼合并前房积血一例

患者女,53岁.因双眼反复胀痛2年,右眼红痛1周于2008年1月24日收入院.患者于2年前发现双眼房角窄Ⅳ(开).因患者不愿行预防性手术而长期滴用匹罗卡品滴眼液.