多层螺旋CT图像后处理软件OsiriX显示Adamkiewicz动脉及其在主动脉疾病腔内治疗中的应用研究

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT图像后处理软件OsiriX显示Adamkiewicz动脉（AKA）及其在主动脉疾病腔内治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用多层螺旋CT图像后处理软件OsiriX对34例经16层螺旋CT检查的胸腹主动脉疾病病人的DICOM源图像进行AKA定位显示,其中StanfordB型主动脉夹层21例,StanfordA型2例,胸腹主动脉瘤4例,降主动脉瘤6例,主动脉弓瘤1例。腔内修复术覆膜支架部分覆盖B以远水平者11例。结果：29例病人共显示33支AKA,其中1级21例,2级8例,总显影率为85．3％。11例覆膜支架部分覆盖B以远水平者术后随访均可见脊髓前动脉（ASA）及AKA显示．其中2例降主动脉瘤AKA起源的肋间动脉被覆盖,但ASA及AKA仍见清晰显影。结论：应用OsiriX软件行术前AKA定位。其结果可靠、可信,为临床外科医师独立完成此技术提供可能。AKA起源的肋间动脉被支架完全覆盖不一定会引发截瘫,但仍需进一步的大样本前瞻性研究来加以验证。     

关于血管外科研究生科研与临床综合能力培养的思考

血管外科是外科学领域中一门新兴学科。研究生作为血管外科专业医师的储备人才,其综合能力的提升对血管外科的发展至关重要。对研究生的教育教学应当兼顾科研和临床两个方面,既要锻炼其科研水平和思维,又要提升临床能力,并做到科研和临床两个方面的融会贯通。     

湿疹洗剂治疗婴幼儿急性湿疹的临床效果观察

目的观察自拟湿疹洗剂治疗婴幼儿急性湿疹的临床疗效。方法选择近三年我院收治小儿湿疹170例,用自拟湿疹洗剂擦试患处,部分重度患儿辅以口服中药。视湿疹类型加减药方。结果 138例单独使用湿疹洗剂于5～7日痊愈,占81.17%;32例洗剂与口服合用,其中30例于8日内治愈;平均随访12个月,复发2列。治疗期间发生不良反应2例。结论湿疹洗剂治疗婴幼儿湿疹疗效确切,副作用小,经济性好,复发率低,值得推广。     

微型钛板在下颌骨骨折中的应用研究

目的探讨微型钛板坚固内固定治疗下颌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 2005年6月至2009年12月共收治下颌骨骨折病例12例,应用小型钛板固定技术治疗,随访及评价伤口及骨折愈合情况、手术前后咬合关系及开口度的对比。结果术后12例患者均获随访,随访3～6个月。12例患者术后伤口均无感染,伤口均一期愈合。局部咬合关系不良者1例。术后3个月时仅1例患者张口受限。术后3个月时,X线复查未见骨愈合不良或假关节形成者。结论微型钛板坚固内固定治疗下颌骨骨折疗效满意。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

周围静脉畸形281例手术治疗分析

目的：分析周围静脉畸形的手术治疗经验。方法：1996年12月至2004年4月共手术治疗周围静脉畸形28l例。根据临床观察及磁共振(MRI)检查结果分为局限性非浸润型、局限性浸润型、弥漫性非浸润型及弥漫性浸润型等4型，按不同分类，采用不同的手术方式，如病变切除术、病变手术翻瓣联合Nd：YAG激光治疗术及病变手术切除联合Nd：YAG激光治疗术。结果：经随访3月～7．5年，局限性非浸润型总有效率为98．1％。复发率为1．9％。并发症发生率为1．9％，而弥漫性浸润型总有效率为85．2％，复发率为14．9％，并发症发生率为21．0％。结论：静脉畸形的治疗仍是临床难题之一，根据病变分类采用不同的手术方式是必要的，对于弥漫性病变，手术联合Nd：YAG激光治疗术是一种安全、有效、并发症少的新术式。     

案例分析法在医学伦理学课程中的运用

案例分析是医学伦理学课程教学中常用的方法。但其实效如何,却因人而异。我们认为,切实重视案例分析的选择与设计,深入探求案例分析法在教学中的运用,方能事半功倍,教学相长。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

彩色多普勒超声在静脉畸形腔内激光治疗中的应用

目的 探讨多普勒超声在静脉畸形(venous malformations,VM)腔内激光治疗中的应用.方法 12例VM患者在腔内激光手术治疗中应用超声辅助定位,观察腔内激光治疗后病灶吸收情况.结果 经过激光作用的病灶内表现为等回声及高回声区域,多普勒模式下见血流信号的充盈范围明显缩小.术后随访发现原病灶内表现为均一的等回声区域,边界不清,无明显血流信号充盈.术后所有患者均无皮肤灼伤、神经功能障碍等.影像学及症状的改善均令人满意.结论 VM腔内激光治疗中应用超声,不仅操作简便,而且定位准确,保障了激光治疗的安全性并能客观的评价治疗效果,临床上具有很好的应用前景.     

DIOMED激光治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的 评价DIOMED激光治疗下肢静脉曲张的应用。方法 42例患者，共49条患肢均行激光或激光结合手术治疗。主要有四种手术治疗方式：(1)单纯激光治疗，共9例11条肢体；(2)激光治疗结合高位大隐静脉结扎术，共14例19条肢体；(3)激光治疗结合股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术和大隐静脉高位结扎术。共14例14条肢体；(4)激光治疗结合大隐静脉高位结扎和交通支结扎术。共5例5条肢体。结果 所有的患者已随访1～20个月，平均5．66个月，都恢复正常的生活自理或工作。也无局部复发的临床表现，均取得满意的疗效。结论 静脉腔内激光治疗一种新的治疗方法。具有安全、有效、微创、疗效好、操作简便和不遗留手术瘢痕等优势，还可联合手术治疗。