Post-partum sacral fracture associated with heparin treatment

We report the case of a 19-year-old woman who consulted for low-back pain 3 weeks after her first delivery. This young woman had a personal history of protein C deficiency and was treated daily during her pregnancy with low-molecular-weight heparin. Her body mass index was 34 and she only gained 10 kg during her pregnancy. Since the delivery - which occurred without any complication - she had suffered from a gradually increasing right-buttock pain and limp. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a fracture of the right sacral ala. After analgesia and 1 month of home relative bed rest, the patient recovered her functional capacities. Regarding our patient, who had no potential clinical risk factors for osteoporosis, the causal effect of heparin is thus possible but not certain. This case report illustrates the fact that clinicians should have a high suspicion of pelvic fracture in post-partum women, even in very young ones, presenting sudden onset of low back and pelvic pain, especially when they have received heparin during pregnancy. MRI seems to be the key exam because it is able to detect and stage fractures or microfractures.     

肥胖相关新型生物标志物的研究及展望

肥胖是一种体脂过多或分布异常的病理状态,是引发2型糖尿病、代谢症候群、心脑血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝,甚至某些类型的癌症等重大疾病的重要诱因。大量研究表明,诸多脂肪因子（adipokines）和肝细胞因子（hepatokines）水平在肥胖时发生显著变化,通过检测此类因子的动态水平可以预测或评估疾病的发生、发展及其并发症情况,并评判其治疗效果。在目前已发现的众多脂肪因子和肝细胞因子中,大量人体和动物研究一致发现在肥胖状态下脂联素（adiponectin）水平下降,而成纤维生长因子21（FGF21）和生长分化因子15（GDF15）则上升。它们不仅可作为肥胖诊断和监控的生物标志物,亦参与了肥胖的病理生理过程,是潜在的治疗靶点。其中脂联素已广泛应用于肥胖相关代谢病的风险评估,而FGF21和GDF15长效类似物或受体激动剂则被用于治疗肥胖相关疾病并且已开始相关的临床试验。文章着重讨论脂联素、FGF21和GDF15在肥胖及其并发症中的地位及其之间的密切关系,并展望这3种新型肥胖生物标志物的研究发展方向和临床应用前景。     

家长陪同对口腔门诊患儿七氟烷全身麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响研究

 目的　研究家长陪同对口腔门诊患儿七氟烷全身麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响。方法　选取2017年6—12月于重庆医科大学附属口腔医院行七氟烷全身麻醉口腔治疗患儿120例,随机分为陪同组和未陪同组,每组60例。陪同组患儿在治疗前麻醉诱导期及治疗后苏醒期均有家长陪同,未陪同组患儿在麻醉诱导期及苏醒期均无家长陪同。采用小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动量化评分表（pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale,PAED）对患儿麻醉苏醒期躁动情况进行评分,并计算躁动发生率。结果　陪同组PAED评分为（9.18 ± 3.41）分,未陪同组PAED评分为（10.57 ± 3.62）分,两组PAED评分比较,差异有统计学意义（t = 2.04,P = 0.03）。陪同组躁动发生率（26.67%）明显低于非陪同组（50.00%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 6.91,P = 0.01）。结论　治疗前麻醉诱导期及治疗后苏醒期有家长陪同,可减少患儿躁动的发生,提高家长对口腔治疗的满意度,促进良好的医患关系。     

牙周-正畸-种植综合治疗改善重度牙周炎伴错牙合畸形患者的口腔功能和美观（附1例5年随访报告）

牙周炎是一种牙齿支持组织的感染性、破坏性疾病,是成年人丧失牙齿的主要原因。伴有错畸形及牙列缺损的重度牙周炎的治疗是一个复杂过程,需要口腔医生掌握多学科的诊疗知识,严格把控不同治疗阶段的时机和标准,解决患者同时存在的多个口腔问题,最终恢复其健康、改善功能和美观。文章展示了1例Ⅲ期C级牙周炎患者经完善的牙周基础治疗消除炎症,通过正畸治疗改善咬合并重建缺牙区修复间隙,最后结合种植修复治疗重建口腔功能的多学科综合诊治过程,为此类重度牙周炎病例的临床诊治提供一定的经验。     

基于锥形束CT对邻面接触区釉质厚度的测量与分析

目的    应用锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）测量上下颌牙列邻面接触区釉质厚度及邻接点距离牙合面和釉牙骨质界的垂直高度,为临床邻面去釉提供参考数据。方法    选取2019年6—10月于吉林大学口腔医院医学影像科行CBCT检查患者50例,根据纳入标准选取符合测量条件的牙齿145颗,运用Invivo软件测量每颗牙齿邻面接触区的釉质厚度及邻接点距离牙合面和釉牙骨质界的垂直高度。结果    从切牙至第一磨牙邻面接触区釉质厚度有逐渐增大的趋势;大多数牙位的远中邻面接触区釉质厚度大于近中（P < 0.05）,仅有上颌第一前磨牙和下颌第一磨牙的近远中邻面接触区釉质厚度差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;上下颌左右侧同名牙邻面接触区釉质厚度差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;除上颌中切牙-侧切牙、上下颌侧切牙-尖牙邻面接触区外,其余相邻牙齿近远中邻面接触区釉质厚度相似,差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）;上颌邻面接触区平均釉质厚度大于下颌,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;上下颌近远中邻接点到牙合面的垂直距离均小于到釉牙骨质界的垂直距离（均P < 0.05）。结论    不同牙位近远中邻面接触区釉质厚度不同,邻接点距离牙合面和釉牙骨质界的垂直高度也不同,临床邻面去釉时不同牙位去釉量不能按照同一标准进行,应结合CBCT影像资料制定个体化治疗方案。     

跟随病例式教学在培养口腔医学生思维模式中的作用研究#br#

目的    比较跟随病例式教学和分学科教学在培养口腔医学生思维模式中的作用。方法    选择中国医科大学口腔临床专业97期本科生62人和98期本科生60人,分别采用跟随病例式教学模式（跟随病例式教学组）和分学科教学模式（分学科教学组）。临床实习结束后分别对两组本科生进行理论-临床思维转换、批判性思维能力评估。结果    在理论-临床思维转换能力评估中,跟随病例式教学组本科生在临床接诊、病例汇报方面的成绩优于分学科教学组（均P < 0.05）;在批判性思维能力评估中,跟随病例式教学组本科生在寻找真理、分析能力、求知欲、认知成熟等方面,相较于分学科教学组本科生具有更加明显的正性批判性思维倾向（均P < 0.05）。结论    采用跟随病例式教学可能更有助于培养口腔医学生理论-临床思维转换能力和批判性思维能力。     

多西环素牙周缓释凝胶的配方筛选研究

目的探索一种牙周缓释凝胶的最佳配方。方法将聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)浓度、溶剂配比和多西环素浓度按三个水平作正交设计,进行体外释放度试验,以第6天的释放百分率和凝结时间的综合分为指标,计算极差。结果按极差大小,PLGA浓度>溶剂配比>多西环素浓度,最佳配方为PLGA浓度15%,1MP:GTA=7:3,多西环素浓度为6%。结论用正交设计进行配方筛选是一种较好的试验方法。     

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??Analysis on clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer in young women GAO Guo-xuan, YU Da-peng, ZHANG Hong, et al. Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Corresponding author: YE Jing-ming, E-mail: md_ye@sina.com
GAO Guo-xuan and YU Da-peng contributed qually to this work
Abstract Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in young women????35 years old?? and to analyze their association with treatment and prognosis. Methods The records of 110 breast cancer in young women treated from January 2008 to December 2014 were reviewed. Statistical methods were used for analyzing the correlation between clinical and pathological characteristics such as T-stage, N-stage, IHC (Immunohistochemistry) and the morbidity as well as prognosis. The clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in young women were compared with patients ≥35years using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier curves were reported for OS (overall survival) and PFS (progression-free survival), and the log-rank test was used to compare the difference in groups. Cox proportional models were fitted for multivariate analysis. Results All of the patients were women and the median age was 32 (21 to 34)-year old, accounted for 5.71% (110/2189) of the breast cancer treated at the same period. The morbidity of Luminal A-like and Luminal B-like(HER2 negative) in ??35-year group were higher than ≥35-year group(P??0.001). Patients??35 years chose breast-conserving or mastectomy combined reconstruction surgery were much more than older group(P??0.001). The median follow-up duration of breast cancer in young women was 31.5 months, the 5-year OS rate was 93.3% and the 5-year PFS rate was 89.3%. It is concluded that the N-stage??P??0.001??and M-stage??P??0.001??were the influencing factors of the PFS by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The N-stage??P??0.001??was the influencing factor of OS. Conclusion Breast cancer in young women had special clinical and pathological characteristics. The endocrine therapy should be strengthened as well as protecting fertility. Patients??35 years demanded high quality of life and appearance, and the option of surgical treatment should be personalized.     

66 例晚期黑色素瘤患者组织中磷酸化成视网膜细胞瘤蛋白表达水平分析及其临床意义评价

[摘要] 目的：分析晚期黑色素瘤组织中磷酸化成视网膜细胞瘤蛋白（phosphorylated retinoblastoma,p-Rb）的表达情况,并探讨其与临床病理特征及预后之间的相关性。方法：收集2011 至2014 年在北京大学肿瘤医院肾癌黑色素瘤科住院治疗并符合纳入和排除标准的66 例晚期黑色素瘤患者的临床资料及其石蜡包埋组织切片,采用免疫组化方法检测患者原发灶肿瘤组织中p-Rb 的表达情况,结合患者临床病理特征、总生存期等临床数据进行相关性分析。结果：晚期黑色素瘤组织中p-Rb 的阳性表达率为57.6%(38/66)。非肢端的皮肤型、肢端型及黏膜型的p-Rb阳性率分别为73.7%（14/19）、63.0%（17/27）和35.0%（7/20）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.039）。p-Rb 在不同基因突变亚组中的阳性率亦不同,BRAF突变组为83.3%（5/6）,C-KIT 突变组为100.0%（2/2）,N-RAS突变组为100.0%(9/9),PDGFRA突变组为50.0%（1/2）,2 个基因突变组为50.0%（1/2）,基因野生型为44.4%（20/45）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。p-Rb表达水平与年龄、性别、分期、溃疡、血清LDH水平无相关性（P>0.05)。p-Rb 阳性患者的中位总生存期（OS）较阴性患者略短（30.0 vs 39.2 个月）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.555）。结论：超过半数的晚期黑色素瘤组织中有p-Rb 的阳性表达,非肢端的皮肤型中p-Rb阳性率高于肢端型、黏膜型,且携带c-KIT 和N-RAS突变的患者黑色素瘤组织中p-Rb阳性率较高。