青少年特发性胸椎侧凸胸廓成形术后肋骨自然再生的观察

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)手术患者胸廓成形术后肋骨再生情况,比较男女性患者间肋骨再生差异。方法:1999年至2004年我院共行脊柱矫形内固定融合术及胸廓成形术治疗66例AIS患者,其中女性患者43例,平均年龄15.62岁,平均Cobb角58.86°;男性患者23例,平均年龄16.83岁,平均Cobb角60.87°。术后3个月、6个月、1年、2年摄全脊柱正侧位片复诊时应用Philips等提出的肋骨再生分级标准对患者肋骨再生情况进行评估。结果:术后3个月复诊60例患者,225根部分切除的肋骨中31.6%处于再生4级,52.9%处于5级;术后6个月复诊29例患者,107根部分切除的肋骨中79.4%处于再生5～6级;术后1年复诊32例患者,121根部分切除的肋骨中90.1%处于再生5～6级;术后1年内未见肋骨再生达到7级;术后2年复诊22例患者,79根部分切除的肋骨中98.7%处于再生5～7级,其中有4根肋骨(5.1%)达到7级。男女患者间肋骨再生分级未见明显差异。结论:AIS患者胸廓成形术后肋骨再生可分为2期,即肋骨形成期和塑形改建期,肋骨形成期在术后6个月基本完成,塑形改建期则持续时间较长;肋骨再生没有性别差异。     

强直性脊柱炎患者胸腰椎应力骨折的临床及影像学特点

目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)患者胸腰椎应力骨折的临床及影像学特点.方法:8例AS患者发生胸腰椎应力骨折,男性5例,女性3例,年龄29～60岁,平均46.2岁.骨折部位:T9～T11 1例,T11～T12 3例,T12～L1 4例.对其临床表现和X线片、CT及MRI检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果:首发症状主要为腰背疼痛突然加重;主要症状为腰背部疼痛经过一段稳定期后突然加剧或为腰背部疼痛加重,呈持续性;查体均有骨折节段的压痛和叩击痛,6例伴胸腰椎后凸畸形;例患者脊髓功能Frankel分级为D级.X线片示8例均为胸腰椎应力骨折,骨折线经椎间隙,有假关节形成;检查示5例椎板骨折、椎间盘-椎体骨溶解及反应性硬化,1例可见椎体的骨皮质连续性中断、椎体破坏及溶骨性腔隙,2例可见椎体骨皮质连续性中断、椎板边缘不整及真空现象;榆查均有假关节节段不规则的低信号带延及后柱结构,其中6例表现为T1加权像低信号、T2加权像高信号,2例表现为T1加权像低信号、T2加权像低信号.结论:根据AS患者胸腰椎应力骨折的临床及影像特点,可以早期做出明确诊断.     

人CYP2C19基因分型检测试剂性能验证

目的 通过设计合理的实验对人CYP2C19基因分型检测试剂盒[荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)法]进行性能验证,证实其检测结果的可靠性。方法 参照CNAS-GL039:2019《分子诊断检验程序性能验证指南》要求,选择符合实验条件的样本,严格按照CYP2C19基因分型检测试剂盒标准操作流程进行基因型别的检测。通过数据分析和统计,对试剂盒性能进行多方面评估,包括方法符合率、检出限、交叉反应以及抗干扰能力。结果 15例临床样本(10例突变型+5例野生型)试剂盒检测结果与金标准测序结果完全一致,方法符合率为100%;经梯度稀释验证,试剂盒最低检出限为10 ng/μL;CYP2C19 1*/1*型(c.681G和c.636G)临床样本中,加入CYP2C19*17等位基因(c.-806C>T)和同源基因CYP2C9(c.1075A>C)突变型质粒,检测结果仍为1*/1*型,满足交叉反应验证要求;干扰物质(血红素20.0 g/L,甘油三酯11.0 mmol/L,总胆红素60.0μmol/L)对试剂盒检测结果无影响,抗干扰能力合格。结论 人CYP2C19基因分型检测试剂盒(荧光PCR法)性能评...     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.     

脊柱侧凸伴发Chiari畸形和脊髓空洞的影像学特征及临床意义

目的探讨脊髓空洞源性脊柱侧凸的影像学特征以及Chiafi畸形、脊髓空洞与脊柱侧凸影像学模式之间的相关性，并评估其临床意义。方法根据侧凸Cobb角的不同，将87例伴发Chiafi畸形和脊髓空洞的脊柱侧凸患者分为三组：A组（10°≤Cobb角≤30。）13例，B组（300°〈Cobb角≤600）42例，C组（Cobb角〉60°）32例。以特发性脊柱侧凸的影像学特征作为参考，将伴发Chiari畸形和脊髓空洞的脊柱侧凸模式分为典型和不典型两类，并测量胸椎后凸和腰椎前凸的Cobb角。在MRIT。加权像正中矢状面扫描层面上测量小脑扁桃体下移程度、空洞的形态和长度以及空洞与脊髓的最大比值（S／C最大比值），并对以上测量指标进行比较分析。结果87例患者中不典型侧凸的总发生率为43．7％（38／87例），其中左胸弯的发生率为42．5％。典型侧凸模式中不典型特征总发生率为65．3％。三组之间，不典型侧凸的发生率、典型侧凸中不典型特征的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。三组间胸椎后凸差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。小脑扁桃体下移程度、脊髓空洞的长度和形态以及S/C最大比值与脊柱侧凸严重程度、不典型侧凸发生率之间均没有相关性（P〉0．05）。结论对于具有不典型侧凸模式、典型侧凸模式包含不典型特征、胸椎正常后凸或过度后凸的脊柱侧凸患者，术前全脊髓MR扫描应作为常规检查。小脑扁桃体下移程度和脊髓空洞模式对脊柱侧凸的进展和不典型侧凸的发生均未见明显影响。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者体感诱发电位的特点及与Cobb角的关系

Objective To investigate the abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different curve magnitudes, and to explore its effect on the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Methods Posterior tibial nerve SEPs were evaluated on 489 young operative treated AIS patients with a Cobb angle > 40°and 45 age-matched healthy control individuals. Absence of SEPs waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. Base on the control reference, the incidence of pathological SEPs was determined in AIS group. The association of abnormal SEPs and curve severity for MS patients was also assessed. Results Peek latency corrected for body height was slightly longer in AIS patients than in controls, however, with no significant difference. Interside difference of latency was significantly larger in AIS patients. Abnormal SEPs were found in 166 of 489 AIS patients. Among these, 17 (10.2%) showed absent waveforms, 50 (30.1%) had unilateral latency prolongation, 38 (22.9%) had bilateral latency prolongation, and 120 (72.3%) showed significant interside difference. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between abnormal SEPs and the curve severity of spinal deformity. Conclusion Disorder of somatosensory pathways does exist in a subgroup of AIS patients, and it might be a primary factor other than secondary change, and could play an import role in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.     

Runx2在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者骨髓间质干细胞中的表达及意义

目的：从骨髓间质干细胞（MSCs）水平探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）发病的机制。方法：40例12～18岁志愿者，AIS患者20例，先天性脊柱侧凸（CS）患者10例，正常对照组10例。分别从髂前上棘处穿刺抽取10ml骨髓，肝素抗凝。采用密度梯度离心法分离MSCs，体外培养并传至P3代时行表型鉴定，采用RT-PCR法检测3组MSCs中核心结合因子α1（Runx2）mRNA的表达强度。结果：分离所得单个核细胞传至P3代经流式细胞仪鉴定表型与MSCs表面标记相符。AIS组Runx2的mRNA表达强度与CS组及正常对照组相比有显著统计学差异（P〈0．01），CS组与正常对照组相比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：转录因子Runx2在MSCs水平表达强度的异常可能与AIS发病有关。     

L2,3骨折脱位合并空肠疝入椎间隙一例报告

患者男,59岁.高处坠落致腰痛及双下肢活动受限8d,由外院转入.查体:腰部棘突触诊有台阶感,叩击痛(+),腹股沟以下深、浅感觉丧失,双下肢肌力0级.     

两种截骨矫形术治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形的围手术期并发症比较

目的:比较两种截骨矫形术式治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形的同手术期并发症,分析原因并提出预防措施.方法:1997年7月～2007年12月,在我院行强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形截骨矫形治疗且有完整资料记录的患者共93例.根据截骨术式的不同分为两组:多节段经关节突"V"形截骨组(PWO组)共32例,男29例,女3例,年龄22～60岁,胸腰段后凸Cobb角24°～78°,平均53.4°;单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨组(TWO组)共61例,男53例,女8例,年龄20～56岁,胸腰段后凸Cobb角30°～82.,平均56.2°.统计两组患者的围手术期并发症.结果:所有患者术中、术后无死亡、无感染.PWO组术中气管套管脱落1例(3.1%),术中螺钉松动2例(6.2%),硬脊膜破裂4例(12.5%),神经根损伤1例(3.1%),术后胃肠道并发症5例(15.6%).TWO组术中螺钉松动3例(4.8%),术中截骨端脱位2例(3.2%),硬脊膜破裂1例(1.6%),术中大出血5例(8.1%),神经并发症5例(8.2%),术后麻痹性肠梗阻3例(4.8%),后凸过度纠正1例(1.6%).结论:由于截骨方法的差异,PWO与TWO手术具有不同的围手术期并发症发生构成.应采取针对性的预防处理措施,以减少并发症的发生.     

自发性椎管内硬膜外血肿的早期识别与临床评估

目的 探讨自发性椎管内硬膜外血肿(spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma,SSEH)的早期识别、临床评估及预后的影响因素.方法 本组9例SSEH患者,其中男性7例,女性2例,年龄18～83岁,平均45岁.病因:高血压3例,血管瘤2例,椎板成骨细胞瘤2例,神经母细胞瘤1例,溶栓治疗后1例.9例患者中,6例首发症状为颈、肩背部或腰部疼痛;2例以双下肢不全性瘫痪为首发症状.1例溶栓后,出现双下肢上升性感觉、运动障碍.Frankel A级4例,B级2例,C级1例,D级2例.8例行手术治疗,1例溶栓后的患者丧失了最佳手术时机,采用保守治疗.结果 MRI提示血肿位于颈胸段1例,胸段8例;累及2～8个节段,平均3.7个节段.除1例患者术后50 d死亡外,其他患者均获随访,平均随访时间7.5个月.手术患者末次随访时Frankel B级2例,D级1例,E级4例;1例患者因并发严重的肺部感染,术后50 d死亡.1例保守治疗的患者,神经功能无改善.结论 SSEH的早期识别主要根据临床特征及MRI提示的损害部位、范围.高血压引起的SSEH预后较差,而肿瘤引起的SSEH在早期诊断、及早手术治疗后疗效尚可.