p38MAPK在17β-雌二醇和雷洛昔芬促成骨细胞増殖和分化中的作用

目的:观察p38MAPK信号转导通路在17β-雌二醇和雷洛昔芬促成骨细胞增殖和分化过程中的作用。方法:取第一继代BALB/c小鼠头盖骨成骨细胞,药物刺激组分别加入不同浓度17β-雌二醇或雷洛昔芬;含阻断剂组预先添加不同浓度的SB202190(p38MAPK的阻断剂)阻断信号转导通路,再加17β-雌二醇或雷洛昔芬,作用72h后用MTT法与PNPP法测定细胞的增殖能力和碱性磷酸酶活性。结果:加入雌激素或雷洛昔芬后,成骨细胞的增殖和分化明显增强,与空白对照组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0·05);阻断p38MAPK信号转导通路后,细胞增殖分化受到明显抑制,与未阻断组比较差异具有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:p38MAPK在17β-雌二醇和雷洛昔芬诱导的小鼠成骨细胞的増殖和分化过程中发挥重要作用。     

力学刺激在破骨细胞分化中的作用

骨组织细胞主要有成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞3种类型,与细胞外基质共同维持骨的结构完整性和功能性。破骨细胞专门负责骨吸收,通过释放酸性物质和蛋白水解酶降解骨基质,发挥骨吸收作用;通过与成骨细胞相互协调,共同维持骨稳态。破骨细胞增多,导致骨吸收增加,从而引起骨质疏松症等骨骼疾病;破骨细胞生成过少,将导致骨吸收减弱等相关疾病,例如骨硬化症。因此,对于破骨细胞功能的精确调控,在维持骨稳态的平衡中发挥极为关键的作用。既往研究多从生物化学角度解释和阐述各种生物因素对破骨细胞的调控。然而越来越多的研究证实,力学刺激在破骨细胞分化过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文着眼于力学刺激对破骨细胞分化的影响,讨论力学刺激在其中可能发挥的作用,并对该领域的新发现以及未来的发展进行探讨。     

中国围绝经期妇女体脂含量与骨密度关系的初步研究

目的探讨肌肉、脂肪含量与围绝经期骨质疏松妇女骨密度之间的关系。方法利用双能X线骨密度测量仪(美国,Hologic DiscoveryA型)测量门诊围绝经期妇女(90例,年龄:45~52岁(47.3±8.2))骨密度与体脂含量;同时测量登记受试者的年龄、身高、体重。结果结果显示,21%受试者腰椎和股骨骨量降低,全身脂肪含量(20675.129±5080.44)g与腰椎骨密度(0.91±0.177)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=-0.17)和髋部骨密度(0.99±0.102)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=0.158)没有相关性,肌肉含量(39790.80±6551.54)g与腰椎骨密度没有相关性(P>0.05,r=0.078),但是与髋部骨密度高度正相关(P<0.05,r=0.216)。体重(63.01±9.39)kg和腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.217)和髋部(P<0.05,r=0.305)骨密度高度正相关;BMI指数(24.6751±3.45637)与腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.244)和髋部(P<0.01,r=0.339)骨密度高度正相关。结论研究结果表明BMI指数和肌肉含量与围绝经期妇女髋部骨密度高度相关。     

鸽动脉壁胆固醇运行的放射自显影示踪

给正常和高血脂草鸽静脉注射37kBq/g(1μci/g)的(?)H—胆固醇后,分别在2、4、5、6、8、和12小时对主动脉组织进行放射自显影示踪.结果表明在2小时时两组动脉壁内均未见显影颗粒;4小时后则均有银颗粒显示,实验组的银颗粒明显多于对照组;8小时后对照组的血管壁内银颗粒已消失,而实验组在12小时后外膜处仍可见少量银颗粒.实验结果提示血中胆固醇分子是由血管腔进入内膜和中膜层,然后再由外膜运出.     

电离辐射致股骨头坏死早期病理特点和机制的研究

Objective To observe the earlier pathological character and mechanism of radiation osteonecrosis in femoral head, in order to provide evidences for the earlier diagnosis and prevention of radiation osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Single femoral head of rats were irradiated singly with 30 Gy of 137 Cs γ-ray. The rats were executed after 2, 6 and 12 weeks, then the femurs were stained with HE and histopatholngical changes were observed by light microscope. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured after 2 weeks and its proliferation and the colony formation were observed. The rats were endo-perfused with microfili contrast medium 12 weeks later, and the 3-dimensional structure of capillaries by Micro-CT was re-estabhshed to detect the pathological changes of capillaries after irradiation. Result The irradiated femur showed deranged cbondrocyte, decreased osteocyte, shrinking nucleus, increased empty bone lacuna and reduced bone trabocnla (P < 0.05). Micro-CT showed the discontinued small vessels and absence(6.65 %) capillaries in irradiated femur were obviously less than those of the unirradiated (12.3 %)(P < 0.001). The proliferation of BMSCs was slowed, the number of colony in irradiated group (10 %) was less than that of control (21 %) (P < 0.001). Conclusions The preliminary histopathological changes of osteoradionecrosis on femoral head could be increased the empty bone lacuna, and the bone lacuna above 30 % was the sign of the earlier period of osteoradionecrosis. The osteonecrosis of femoral head induced by radiation is not only correlated to the damages to the bone, but also to the damages to BMSCs and capillaries.     

不同浓度地塞米松诱导大鼠间充质干细胞向成骨细胞的分化

目的　观察不同浓度地塞米松 (DEX)诱导大鼠间充质干细胞 (MSCs)向成骨细胞分化。方法　采用原代MSCs体外培养技术 ,取大鼠后肢双侧股骨和胫骨骨髓 ,通过静置贴壁获取MSCs。以DEX、β 甘油磷酸钠和抗坏血酸作为诱导剂 ,测定诱导后细胞的MTT增殖率 ,碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性以及矿化结节形成能力。应用ALP染色法观察细胞形态 ,并在倒置相差显微镜下观察诱导过程中细胞形态的变化。结果　低浓度 (10 -8、10 -9、10 -10 mol/L)DEX诱导后的细胞形态由长梭形逐渐变为立方形 ,ALP表达明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)并且能够形成矿化结节 ;高浓度 (10 -6、10 -7mol/L)DEX明显抑制MSCs的增殖 (P <0 .0 1) ,抑制ALP表达 (P <0 .0 1) ,细胞形态由饱满的长梭形变为胞质宽大的扁平形 ,呈瘫痪状 ,且不能形成矿化结节。结论　低浓度DEX能够诱导大鼠MSCs向成骨细胞分化 ,而高浓度DEX抑制MSCs向成骨细胞的分化     

补肾富钙中药对大鼠卵巢辐射损伤所致骨质疏松形态

目的 探讨补肾富钙中药对大鼠卵巢辐射损伤所致骨质疏松形态计量学的影响.方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为四组(n=10),分别为假手术组(灌服1%纤维素90 d)、模型组(以50 Gy γ射线局部照射大鼠卵巢建立卵巢辐射损伤模型,1%纤维素灌服90 d)、尼尔雌醇组(造模后给予尼尔雌醇灌胃90 d)和补肾富钙中药组(造模后给予补肾富钙中药灌胃90 d).各组大鼠于处死前第14天和第4天分别腹腔注射盐酸四环素(30 mg/kg)进行标记,处死后取右侧股骨组织和L4腰椎组织分别进行骨组织形态计量和扫描电镜观察.结果 与模型组比较,补肾富钙中药组和尼尔雌醇组的骨小梁体积显著增加,骨吸收表面减少;尼尔雌醇组的骨形成表面和矿化沉积率下降,但在补肾富钙中药组则无显著变化.扫描电镜观察显示,模型组骨小梁变细、中断、排列稀疏,而补肾富钙中药组和尼尔雌醇组上述变化较轻微.结论 补肾富钙中药可有效预防卵巢辐射损伤诱发的骨质疏松.     

体外培养人成骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原合成与表达的增龄性改变

目的探讨体外培养不同年龄组人成骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原（COL-1）表达的增龄性改变. 方法选择＜5岁、30～40岁、50～60岁及70～79岁4个年龄组骨折患者的松质骨,用1：1 DMEM-Ham F-12培养液进行培养.第2代细胞培养至7 d和13 d,分别定量留取培养48 h的条件培养液,第2代细胞一部分经诱导培养至14 d进行电镜观察,另一部分培养至14 d抽提细胞内总RNA,用逆转录聚合酶链反应方法半定量检测COL-1基因表达,并进行各年龄组比较. 结果成骨细胞经体外诱导培养后透射电镜下观察,细胞外基质中可见大量原胶原;细胞培养至7 d和13 d Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽（PICP）检测值均随年龄增长逐渐降低,与年龄之间呈显著负相关（男性7 d： r=-0.503, P＜0.05, 13 d： r=-0.662, P＜0.01; 女性7 d： r=-0.658, P＜0.01, 13 d： r=-0.770, P＜0.01）;各年龄组成骨细胞均检测到COL-1基因mRNA表达,表达量＜5岁组较低,30～40岁组最高,之后随年龄增长逐渐降低,其表达量和年龄呈显著正相关（男性r=0.331,女性r= 0.327,均为P＜0.05）,性别间差异无统计学意义. 结论体外培养人成骨细胞可合成原胶原,PICP分泌随增龄而降低,不同年龄组人成骨细胞均表达COL-1 mRNA,30～40岁后表达量随年龄增长而降低.     

电离辐射致股骨头坏死早期病理特点和机制的研究

Objective To observe the earlier pathological character and mechanism of radiation osteonecrosis in femoral head, in order to provide evidences for the earlier diagnosis and prevention of radiation osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Single femoral head of rats were irradiated singly with 30 Gy of 137 Cs γ-ray. The rats were executed after 2, 6 and 12 weeks, then the femurs were stained with HE and histopatholngical changes were observed by light microscope. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured after 2 weeks and its proliferation and the colony formation were observed. The rats were endo-perfused with microfili contrast medium 12 weeks later, and the 3-dimensional structure of capillaries by Micro-CT was re-estabhshed to detect the pathological changes of capillaries after irradiation. Result The irradiated femur showed deranged cbondrocyte, decreased osteocyte, shrinking nucleus, increased empty bone lacuna and reduced bone trabocnla (P < 0.05). Micro-CT showed the discontinued small vessels and absence(6.65 %) capillaries in irradiated femur were obviously less than those of the unirradiated (12.3 %)(P < 0.001). The proliferation of BMSCs was slowed, the number of colony in irradiated group (10 %) was less than that of control (21 %) (P < 0.001). Conclusions The preliminary histopathological changes of osteoradionecrosis on femoral head could be increased the empty bone lacuna, and the bone lacuna above 30 % was the sign of the earlier period of osteoradionecrosis. The osteonecrosis of femoral head induced by radiation is not only correlated to the damages to the bone, but also to the damages to BMSCs and capillaries.