肾功能损伤分级在心脏术后肾脏替代治疗中的应用

目的 探讨肾功能损伤分级(AKIN分级)在心脏术后肾脏替代治疗时机选择中的作用. 方法 2006年9月至2007年10月在我院首次行冠状动脉旁路移植术和/或心瓣膜手术100例患者中,根据AKIN分级,选取最高分级在2级、3级的患者,并结合是否接受肾脏替代治疗(RRT)将患者分为4组:A组:2级接受RRT治疗;B组:2级未接受RRT治疗;C组:3级接受RRT治疗;D组:3级未接受RRT治疗,记录4组患者临床资料和临床转归等. 结果 4组患者术后肾功能均出现不同程度的损伤,血肌酐最高值分别为197.8±32.1 μmol/L,154.1±40.1 μmol/L,330.9±78.2 μmol/L和339.1±107.7 μmol/L,明显高于术前.4组患者住院病死率分别为16.7%、14.3%、52.2%和56.3%,C组患者住院病死率高于A组(χ2=5.487,P=0.019)和B组(χ2=11.036,P=0.001),D组患者住院病死率明显高于A组(χ2=5.812,P=0.016)和B组(χ2=11.003,P=0.001),其中以D组患者的病死率最高. 结论 心脏术后患者肾功能损伤分级进入AKIN分级2级时接受RRT有可能改善其临床预后.     

80岁以上高龄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术危险因素与手术效果的对比研究

目的:对比研究80岁以上高龄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的术前、术中危险因素及术后主要并发症。方法:回顾性分析2004-01-01至2009-07-31我院心脏外科行CABG或CABG合并手术的≥80岁高龄患者资料50例(≥80岁组),同时随机抽取同期行CABG或CABG合并手术的60~79岁一般老年患者临床资料50例(60~79岁组)。对两组术前、术中潜在危险因素及术后主要并发症进行对比研究。结果:≥80岁组手术时平均年龄(81.52±1.93)岁,女性18%(9/50);60~79岁组手术时平均年龄(66.80±4.41)岁,女性24%(12/50)。统计分析结果:≥80岁组较60~79岁组外周血管疾病、心律失常、主动脉瓣反流的发生、术前最后一次肌酐值、术前最后一次血糖值、术前使用正性肌力药物的发生均较高(P均0.05或0.01),差异均有统计学意义;左心室射血分数(LVEF)、术前最后一次血红蛋白值、吸烟的发生、体重指数、使用乳内动脉的发生均较低(P均0.05或0.01),差异均有统计学意义。≥80岁组较60~79岁组重症监护时间延长(术后重症监护时间≥5 d)、术后呼吸衰竭、二次开胸止血等3个术后主要并发症的发生较高(P均0.05或0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论:比较一般老年人,80岁以上的高龄CABG患者具有更多的潜在危险因素,术后主要并发症发生率较高,重症监护治疗时间也有所延长。     

178株血培养检出菌及药敏结果分析

目的:观察血培养检出菌变迁的规律以及耐药性。方法:总结1998年至2007年间北京安贞医院血培养178株检出菌及药敏结果。结果:主要以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)为首;CNS和金黄色葡萄球菌对多种抗生素耐药率达60%以上,目前尚未发现对万古霉素耐药菌株;在大肠埃希氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌及克雷伯杆菌中,目前尚未发现耐亚胺培南的菌株;但在非发酵菌中,有52.9%的菌株对亚胺培南耐药。结论:凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是血培养常见菌株;万古霉素是有效的抗葡萄球菌药物;对于大肠埃希氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌及克雷伯杆菌,亚胺培南仍是最有效的抗生素;真菌感染应值得关注。     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

静脉注射左西孟旦治疗心脏手术后急性心功能衰竭

目的观察静脉注射左西孟旦治疗心脏手术后急性心功能衰竭的疗效。方法分析11例心脏手术后因心功能衰竭应用左西孟旦治疗的患者,观察给药前(T1)及给药后24h(T2)、72h(T3)、1周(T4)时患者的平均动脉压(MBP)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP)、左心室射血分数(EF)以及正性肌力药物评分(IS)等指标变化。结果 6例患者存活出院,5例死亡。应用左西孟旦后24h患者EF即明显好转(P<0.01),正性肌力药物评分(IS)明显下降(P<0.01),平均动脉压(MBP)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP)等指标显著改善,72h及7d时持续好转。治疗期间1例患者出现血压下降外无不良反应发生。结论左西孟旦可以改善心脏手术后心脏功能衰竭患者的心脏功能,并明显减少其它正性肌力药物用量,其对患者预后的影响需进一步的临床观察加以验证。     

伴卒中史患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后再发急性脑梗死的影响因素分析

目的探讨伴有卒中史患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCAB)术后再发急性脑梗死的相关因素。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2010年1月—2012年9月,468例有卒中史OPCAB手术患者的临床资料。根据术后有无再发急性脑梗死分为再发脑梗死组(A组)41例和无再发脑梗死组(B组)427例。分析与缺血事件发生的相关因素[术后再发脑梗死的时间为完成手术入住重症监护病房(ICU)期间]。结果 468例OPCAB手术患者术后再发急性脑梗死41例,占8.8%。①单因素分析显示,A、B组间术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄[(41.5%(17/41),8.9%(38/427)]、术前左心室射血分数≤35%[53.7%(22/41),25.8%(110/427)]、术中En-closeⅡ主动脉近端吻合器的应用[19.5%(8/41),76.3%(326/427)]、术后急性心肌梗死[34.1%(14/41),9.1%(39/427)]、术后心房颤动[48.8%(20/41),10.8%(46/427)]、术后低血压[68.3%(28/41),18.7%(80/427)]、术后机械通气时间>72 h[(75.6%(31/41),15.0%(64/427)]、入住ICU时间>72 h[(82.9%(34/41),25.3%(108/427)]及病死率[(29.3%(12/41),5.4%(23/427)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。②多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄(OR=6.338,95%CI:2.283～21.019)、术前左心室射血分数≤35%(OR=2.737,95%CI:1.267～6.389)、术后急性心肌梗死(OR=3.656,95%CI:1.933～6.894)、术后心房颤动(OR=3.104,95%CI:1.135～8.016)与术后低血压(OR=4.173,95%CI:1.836～9.701)是OPCAB患者术后再发急性脑梗死的独立危险因素。术中应用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器(OR=0.556,95%CI:0.337～0.925)是OPCAB患者术后再发急性脑梗死的保护因素。结论伴有卒中史患者行OPCAB术后,再发急性脑梗死的发生率及病死率高,术前双侧颈内动脉重度狭窄、术前左心室射血分数≤35%、术后急性心肌梗死、术后心房颤动和术后低血压是伴有卒中史患者OPCAB术后再发急性脑梗死的独立危险因素。而术中应用EncloseⅡ主动脉近端吻合器是伴有卒中史患者OPCAB术后再发急性脑梗死的保护因素。     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

目的 探讨肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的临床应用价值.方法 连续收集2006年10月1日至2006年12月31 日(以手术日期为准)首次行冠状动脉移植术和(或)瓣膜置换术的509例病人资料.记录性别、年龄、手术类型、围术期血流动力学指标、尿量、血生化指标和临床转归等内容.按照Bellomo评分和AKIN分级系统在心脏手术后分别对病人进行分级、评分.结果 509例中男341例(67.0%),女168例(33.0%),平均年龄(56.2±12.0)岁.行冠状动脉移植术309例,瓣膜手术182例,冠状动脉移植术合并瓣膜手术18例.Bellomo评分和AKIN分级ROC曲线下面积分别为0.875和0.923.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,AKIN分级OR值为5.478(P=0.028,95%CI 1.027～24.856).结论 ARF是心脏手术后的常见并发症之一,BellOMO评分和AKIN分级系统对心脏手术后ARF病人的住院死亡有良好的预测能力.     

无创正压通气在心脏手术后急性左心衰竭患者的应用

目的:观察无创正压通气(NPPV)治疗心脏手术后,急性左心衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:分析2012年7月至2013年6月期间,56例非体外冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCABG)术后发生急性左心衰竭的患者的临床资料,其中男性39例,女性17例,年龄48~65岁,平均年龄(57±5)岁。患者被随机分为对照组(28例)及NPPV组(28例),对照组给予常规治疗并辅以高浓度氧气吸入;NPPV组患者常规治疗同时应用无创正压通气治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血乳酸(Lac)、动脉血气等以及二次气管插管、监护室停留时间等指标的变化。结果:对照组中1例患者因大面积脑梗死死亡,其余患者均存活出院。NPPV组中1例患者因无法耐受无创正压通气转为有创机械通气,1例因治疗失败二次插管;NPPV组患者二次气管插管[(2)vs.(12)例,P=0.001]及监护室停留时间[(4.3±1.1)vs.(7.3±1.5)h,P0.001]明显少于对照组;两组患者治疗后各指标明显好于治疗前,NPPV组改善较对照组更为显著。结论:NPPV可以明显改善OPCABG术后左心衰竭患者的缺氧状况,降低二次气管插管的概率,缩短监护室停留时间。