A fluid level in an acute extradural haematoma

We report a fluid level in an acute extradural haematoma developing after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. This fluid level was thought to be due to a mixture of blood and cerebrospinal fluid.     

腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的应激性抑郁症

目的 观察腹腔注射细菌脂多糖对大鼠应激性抑郁症的影响。方法 制备大鼠应激性抑郁症模型，采用开场实验检测大鼠的行为性抑郁，用MTT法测定淋巴细胞转化。结果 慢性应激16d，大鼠出现自主活动时间和中区逗留时间缩短、活动路程减少等抑郁性行为。腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的行为性抑郁，并加强应激大鼠血清对正常淋巴细胞转化的抑制作用。结论 腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的行为性抑郁，其原因可能与脂多糖引起的脑内炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

Using diazepam and atropine before strabismus surgery to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of diazepam and atropine sulfate premedication in preventing nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery under general anesthesia. METHODS: Fifty children age 4 to 15 years who underwent strabismus surgery at Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Ophthalmology, from February 2000 to June 2000 were randomized into 2 groups: 25 children in the control group did not receive premedication, whereas 25 children in the treatment group received premedication with 0.15 mg/kg diazepam and 0.015 mg/kg atropine sulfate. Occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was recorded. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV was lower in the premedicated group (P <.018, chi(2) test). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that diazepam and atropine sulfate premedication decreases nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery.     

Laryngeal pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma

A case of an extremely unusual tumor of the larynx, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, is presented with a review of literature. This is the fifth case of this malignancy described in the larynx in the English language literature. A histopathological diagnosis was made with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In contrast to other reported cases, the tumor in the present case had a very aggressive behavior. Despite radical surgery involving total laryngectomy and neck dissection followed by radiation therapy, the patient died of disease 8 months following treatment. Received: 14 March 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998     

A clinico-pathological study of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma: correlation of cord-arytenoid mobility with histopathologic involvement.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the vocal cord and arytenoid mobility in relation to the tumoral involvement of the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ), thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle in whole-organ sections of total laryngectomy specimens. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was prospectively carried out between 1998 and 2003 and involved 133 primary squamous cell carcinoma cases of larynx or pyriform sinus that were treated with total laryngectomy. Preoperative mobility of vocal cords and arytenoids were evaluated separately and correlated with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: In cases with fixed vocal cord CAJ, TA muscle, and PCA muscle were involved in 42.4%, 72.9%, and 27.1% of the cases, respectively, while in cases with fixed arytenoid these structures were affected in 40%, 66.3%, and 25.3% of the cases. Weight effect seemed to play a role in 60% and 50% of the cases of supraglottic and pyriform sinus carcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSION: Careful evaluation of the mobility of the cord arytenoid unit separately helps the surgeon to better understand the patterns of tumoral extension guiding for the appropriate surgery which should be undertaken.     

Immediate ultrastructural effects of endothelin-1 on rabbit basilar artery

Summary In this study intra-arterial Endothelin-1 was applied to rabbit basilar arteries and morphological findings were compared between two groups who were either perfusion fixed or immersion fixed. We planned to establish the quantitative dimension of the drug-induced morphological alterations, independent of the fixation technique's effect.There was an abundance of collagenous fibres deposited among the smooth muscle cells which was not observed in control arteries and after immersion fixation. These degenerative changes are similar to the finding following subarachnoid haemorrhage. The only fixation-related difference was the fact that lamina elastica interna was not corrugated in the perfusion fixation group.It is concluded that, the observed changes in the connective tissue of the arterial wall alter the passive elastic properties and so affect the degree of the response to the vasoactive messengers.     

The modification of the new type of end-to-side anastomosis between carotid arteries in rats: A technical and Scanning Electron Microscopic study

Summary Modification of a type of end-to-side anastomosis that has been described before is studied. The recipient artery is occluded for only 3–4 minutes to complete the anastomosis by using only the running suture. The anastomotic site was studied by inspection and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at different times after the operation on 30 rats.     

An analysis of edentulous maxillary arch width and palatal height.

This study involving 500 edentulous patients (250 males, 250 females) was undertaken to introduce a dimensionless factor termed the "palatal height ratio," defined as the ratio of the width of the edentulous maxillary arch to the height of the palate. The authors categorized the height, width, and anteroposterior dimensions of the edentulous maxillae. Measurements were made on diagnostic casts at five defined points. The difference between males and females was statistically analyzed and the variables were categorized. The results of this study may be helpful for a better standardization of the same variables in future studies.     

The KBG syndrome: confirmation of autosomal dominant inheritance and further delineation of the phenotype

We report on a Turkish family in which the father and his two sons were diagnosed as having the KBG syndrome. Large upper central incisors were the diagnostic finding in all three patients along with mental retardation, cryptorchidism, skeletal abnormalities, and short stature. Our report clearly confirms that the inheritance is autosomal dominant in KBG syndrome, although a high male to female ratio has been observed in published cases.