前列腺癌自杀基因治疗中组织特异性启动子的研究进展

随着自杀基因治疗成为治疗恶性肿瘤的重要方法,其中组织特异性启动子是目前研究的热门之一.前列腺癌自杀基因治疗常用的组织特异性启动子有PSA及Probasin等,其中PSA,Probasin为雄激素依赖性,对于未经雄激素去势治疗的前列腺癌治疗效果较好;而PSMA为雄激素非依赖性,对于是否经过雄激素去势治疗的前列腺癌均有良好疗效,适用范围广.     

饮食因素与女性乳腺癌危险性的病例对照研究

[目的]探讨各类饮食因素与女性乳腺癌危险性的关系。[方法]采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究,调查上海市1999年4月至10月间确诊的乳腺癌患者(n=356)和全人群对照(n=925)的一般情况和饮食摄入情况等,采用量化食物摄入频度问卷调查表估价之前5年内的食物摄入情况。[结果]经调整潜在混杂因素后多因素分析发现,以最低摄入量组作参照,新鲜豆类每月平均摄入量在1773g~3748g、>3748g者患乳腺癌的危险性显著下降,OR值(95%CI)分别是0.63(95%CI=0.43~0.93)和0.61(95%CI=0.41~0.91),并有剂量效应关系(P<0.01)。其中毛豆、其他新鲜豆类分别和乳腺癌危险性呈负相关(P<0.01,P=0.04)。将每年摄入量按四分位法分组后,以最低剂量组作参比,随着腌晒类食品和油炸食品摄入量的增加女性患乳腺癌的危险性也增加(趋势检验P=0.02,P=0.01)。[结论]新鲜豆类对女性乳腺癌具有保护作用,而各类腌晒食品和油炸食品特别是油炸鱼/肉、油炸面食以及油煎花生米可增加女性乳腺癌的危险性。     

提高中风病辨治水平的探讨

从中风病的定义、病机、临床分期、辨证施治等方面对提高中风病辨治水平进行探索。明确界定中风病为急性脑血管病，是气血逆乱、痰瘀内阻造成脑络破裂出血或脑络痹阻所致的局限性功能异常，其病机是脑络破裂血溢瘀血浸淫压迫脑髓，或脑络痹阻而致脑髓失荣所致的脑髓损害。临床分为急性期、缓解期、恢复期、后遗症期。并将中风后昏迷超过24小时者定为中风重症，辨证首辨闭证与脱证，再辨闭证之顺与逆。强调中风病取效关键在于急性期和缓解期及时正确的治疗和护理，而并发症应防重于治。     

妊娠期尿糖阳性产妇妊娠结局的临床研究

目的探讨产妇孕期尿糖阳性对妊娠结局的影响。方法对139例孕期尿糖阳性产妇(阳性组)和212例尿糖阴性健康产妇(阴性组)进行对照,回顾性分析两组产妇的妊娠结局。结果尿糖阳性组糖尿病(GDM)的发生率为5.0%,巨大儿分娩率为15.3%,羊水异常率为26.6%,新生儿低血糖为5.8%,与阴性对照组的0、7.5%、15.6%、0.9%相比,有显著性差异,P<0.05或P<0.01;阳性组孕妇及胎婴儿患病率与尿糖阳性水平无关,P>0.05;尿糖阳性组患病产妇年龄与体重的分布与阳性组均数相比有显著性差异,P<0.05。结论尿糖阳性与妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿、羊水异常、新生儿低血糖等围生期母儿疾病有密切联系,且与尿糖水平无关。当产妇年龄偏大,产前体重过高时更易导致上述疾病的发生。临床中应对产妇尿糖阳性给予足够重视。     

消痔片质量标准研究

目的:建立了消痔片的质量标准(马勃、薯莨、山豆根、牡砺等).方法:采用TLC法对处方中薯莨、山豆根进行鉴别;用HPLC法测定苦参碱含量.结果:在TLC色谱中均能检出薯莨、山豆根;苦参碱在0.204～2.040μg范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97 64%,RSD为1.49%.结论:本方法简便可行,重现性好,为消痔片的质量控制提供了方法.     

Patients’ experience of partial tooth loss and expectations to treatment: a qualitative study in Danish and Swedish patients

Knowledge of impairments, wishes and expectations is essential to make correct decisions regarding oral rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate discomforts, wishes and expectations in patients’ with partial edentulism before entering oral rehabilitation. In Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmö, Sweden, respectively, 20 patients with partial edentulism seeking rehabilitation were interviewed in a semistructured qualitative manner. The interviews were transcribed and analysed yielding overall domains. Six themes appeared as overall domains: (i) experienced impairments, (ii) experienced social awareness, (iii) expectation to treatment, (iv) expectation to durability/survival, (v) coping strategies dealing with the tooth loss including explanations of the tooth loss and (vi) modifications to experienced impairment. The impairments were mostly experienced as problems in social settings. Most participants expressed a simple wish to function normally; a fixed solution was preferred. Many Danish participants accepted a removable solution whereas only few Swedish participants did so. The domains ‘coping strategies’ and ‘modifications’ were not part of the chosen topics of interest, indicating a high wish of the participants to explain their tooth loss and how they coped with it. In conclusion, a large degree of social impairment was found in the patient group along with several coping strategies. The impairments were modified by a number of factors indicating that highly individualised care and treatment is needed. A state of normality was described as the primary treatment wish with a higher acceptance of removable solutions in Denmark than in Sweden. For final decision‐making, surrounding factors seemed to influence the patients’ choices.     

C‐Reactive Protein Triggers Calcium Signalling in Human Neutrophilic Granulocytes via FcγRIIa in an Allele‐Specific Way

C‐reactive protein (CRP) binds to Fcγ‐receptors, FcγRIIa (CD32) with high affinity and to FcγRIa (CD64) with low affinity. The binding to CD32 has been shown to be allele specific, that is, it binds to R/R131 but not to H/H131. Little is known about the cooperation of CRP and neutrophilic granulocytes (PMNs) in inflammatory reactions. The purpose of the present study was to examine CRP signalling in human PMNs, and whether this signalling is also allele specific. Cytosolic calcium of PMN was measured in a single‐cell digital imaging system. Receptor expression and polymorphism were studied by real‐time RT‐PCR, flow cytometry and standard PCR. C‐reactive protein induced cytosolic calcium signals in PMNs from homozygote R/R131donors, but not in PMNs from heterozygote R/H131 donors. However, after the heterozygote PMNs had been incubated with IFN‐γ (100 U/ml) for 2 h, both the proportion of cells responding and the size of the CRP‐induced calcium signals increased. IFN‐γ increased mRNA expression of CD64 about fivefold and surface protein expression of CD64 about fourfold. The calcium signal elicited by CRP was augmented by PMN adhesion to fibronectin, but almost totally abrogated by sphingosine kinase inhibitors. The signals were partly dependent on calcium influx. In conclusion, calcium signalling instigated by CRP in human PMN is FcγRIIa allele specific, as R/R131 responded to CRP, whereas R/H131 did not. However, increased expression of FcγRIa (CD64), stimulated by IFN‐γ, can augment calcium signalling by CRP in low‐responders. This suggests that the state of the PMNs, as well as the genetic origin, affect sensitivity for CRP.