DMD患者脐带血干细胞移植中的HLA配型

[目的]了解假肥大型肌营养不良症(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD)患者接受脐血干细胞移植中HLA-A B DR不相合几率.[方法]用PCR反向序列特异性寡核苷酸(polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide,PCR-RSSO)杂交技术,在对30例DMD患者进行HLA-A B OR基因分开的基础上,将其与广东脐血库中的668份脐血干细胞HLA配型分析比较.[结果]13%(4/30)例患者找到HLA抗原全相合并满足移植细胞数要求的脐血干细胞;50%(15/30)例患者找到HLA抗原1个不相合并满足细胞数要求的剂血干细胞;20%(6/30)例患者找到HLA抗原0～1个不相合且细胞数达要求的2倍以上脐血干细胞.[结论]DMD患者寻找到合适的脐带血干细胞的几率较高,有利于对此病进行临床脐血干细胞移植.     

Histopathological findings in the inner ear of cats following stapes operation

Summary This paper presents the histopathological findings in the inner ear of cats following the stapes surgery. With the surgical technique modified by us, it is possible to diminish the chance of operative failures and offer more chances of success What is more, the suggested modification of making a small hole before perforating footplate seems to be favorable to preventing sudden decompression of the labyrinth and avoiding floating fragment of stapes footplate     

开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果比较

目的：开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果比较。方法选自2009年10月-2014年12月该院收治的自发性气胸进行手术的患者作为研究对象,共收集105例,分别为开胸组(n=60)和胸腔镜组(n=45)这两组。对两组患者均使用静脉吸入复合麻醉,并让患者呈90o侧卧位。对开胸组患者使用开胸手术,对胸腔镜组患者采用胸腔镜手术。结果相比于开胸组,胸腔镜组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、引流管留置时间和住院天数方面的指标均明显要低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);开胸组的60例患者并发症的发生率为36.67%;胸腔镜组的45例患者并发症的发生率为8.89%。胸腔镜组的治疗效果明显高于开胸组(P<0.05);开胸组患者的病情复发率为3.33%,胸腔镜组患者的病情复发率为2.22%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论和开胸手术相比较,胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸,患者出血少、恢复快、手术时间短、术后并发症和复发率低,值得医师和患者优先选择,但手术材料费用偏高。     

猕猴志贺菌感染状况及药物敏感性调查

目的 研究志贺菌血清型的分布，针对不同血清型筛选高敏抗生素。方法 采用国标(GB／T14926．47—2001)的检测方法，对537份猕猴粪便样品进行细菌分离、鉴定及药敏实验。结果 检出74株志贺菌．检出率为13．78％。其中A群占6．76％，B群占71．62％，C群占21．62％。各个血清型分布为：A群1型占6．76％，B群2a型、Y变种、6型、3c型分别占35．14％、32．43％、2．70％、1．35％，C群鲍氏多价(7—11)型、(12-15)型分别占20．27％、1．35％。药敏实验表明志贺菌对氧氟沙星(86．49％)最敏感；对头孢三嗪(77．03％)、头孢他啶(64．86％)也较敏感；2a型志贺菌对头孢唑啉(65．38％)、痢特灵(65．38%)有较强敏感性；鲍氏多价(7—11)型对头孢唑啉(66．67％)、环丙沙星(66．67％)、诺氟沙星(66．67％)敏感性较强。结论 志贺菌2a、Y变种和鲍氏多价(7-11)型是目前引起细菌性痢疾的主要血清型，且对氧氟沙星、头孢三嗪、头孢他啶敏感，其中鲍氏多价(7—11)型对头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星也有较强敏感性。     

枕骨螺钉内固定的应用解剖

目的为枕骨螺钉内固定螺钉的选择提供解剖学依据。方法测量50块干燥完整的成人枕骨后下部的骨质厚度。在30例成人头颈部标本上测量窦汇和横窦的体表投影,在10例成人头颈部标本上分别作水平切面和矢状切面观测枕骨的骨质构造。结果枕骨后下部的骨质厚薄不一,但左右两侧基本对称,无明显差异,测量区最厚处位于枕外隆凸,为15.50±2.59(12.91~18.09)mm,最薄处大致位于小脑窝,为2.64±1.44(1.20~4.08)mm,骨质厚度大于8 mm的区域为EOP线与H2、H4线的相交点及H线与L、R线的相交点这四点相连所围成的菱形区域。窦汇的体表投影与枕外隆凸基本一致,左侧横窦主要位于上项线稍下方,右侧横窦主要位于上项线水平。窦汇和横窦大致位于枕骨骨质厚度大于8 mm的菱形区域的深面。枕骨主要为致密的皮质骨。结论枕骨螺钉内固定于枕骨的安全区域应选择在枕骨骨质厚度大于8 mm的菱形区域。     

开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减用于脑卒中恢复期疗效观察

目的探讨开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减用于脑卒中恢复期的临床疗效。方法选取医院2018年3月至2019年3月收治的脑卒中恢复期患者82例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各41例。两组患者均予常规治疗,并予开窍通络针刺,试验组患者加用小续命汤加减治疗。两组均治疗30 d,随访1个月。结果试验组总有效率为95.12%,显著高于对照组的78.05%(P <0.05);试验组患者治疗后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表及纤维蛋白原水平、血沉和血浆黏度均显著低于对照组,Fugl-Meyer评定量表和改良Barthel指数均显著高于对照组(P <0.05);治疗期间两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减能改善脑卒中恢复期患者的神经功能和肢体运动功能,提高其日常生活能力,改善血液动力学。     

Congenital biliary dilatation may consist of 2 disease entities

Background/Purpose

This study aims to establish the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis of congenital biliary dilatation and to classify the disease accordingly.

Methods

Radiologic features of congenital biliary dilatation and pancreaticobiliary malunion in 107 affected children were examined and correlated with laboratory results. Relative lengths/diameters were calculated to provide comparison between children of different ages. Intraluminal pressures of common bile duct (CBD) were measured intraoperatively.

Results

The minimal relative diameters of distal CBD negatively correlated with the maximal relative diameters/lengths of dilated CBD, the maximal relative diameters of common hepatic duct, and left/right hepatic ducts. The intraluminal pressure in patients with a stenotic distal CBD (stenotic group) was significantly higher than that in patients with a nonstenotic distal CBD (nonstenotic group). The narrower the distal CBD, the more deranged the liver function. Conversely, serum/bile amylase levels were more elevated in the nonstenotic group. Common channel protein plugs were only found in the nonstenotic group, whereas common hepatic duct strictures, intrahepatic duct dilatations, and calculi were detected more frequently in the stenotic group.

Conclusion

We propose to categorize congenital biliary dilatation into 2 subgroups: (1) cystic type with stenotic distal CBD associated with deranged liver function and common hepatic duct stricture and (2) fusiform type with nonstenotic distal CBD associated with pancreatitis and common channel protein plugs. Different underlying pathologies of each group require different operative strategies.     

活化白细胞粘附分子在前列腺上皮内瘤和前列腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 :探讨活化白细胞粘附分子 (ALCAM)在前列腺上皮内瘤 (PIN)和前列腺癌中的表达及与前列腺癌临床病理特征的关系。　方法 :用免疫组化EnVisionTM方法检测ALCAM蛋白在 4 1例前列腺癌和癌旁PIN、良性腺上皮的表达情况。　结果 :ALCAM在前列腺腺上皮普遍表达 ,在大部分PIN和低分化的前列腺癌表达增加 ,在部分高分化前列腺癌出现表达降低。ALCAM蛋白表达与前列腺癌病理分级相关 ,与术前血清前列腺特异性抗原水平、肿瘤分期无相关性。　结论 :ALCAM在PIN和前列腺癌中存在表达紊乱 ,提示ALCAM在前列腺癌发生发展中起一定作用。     

亚洲型髋关节髓内钉系统治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的分析亚洲型髋关节髓内钉系统（Asian intramedullary hip system,ASIAN IMHS）治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法2006年1月至2008年1月,应用ASIAN IMHS治疗34例股骨转子间骨折,骨折按AO／ASIF分型,31—A1型10例,31-A2型13例,31-A3型11例。结果32例患者获得6～18个月随访。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为11～23周,平均14．5周,尖顶距平均值24mm,无术中并发症,无感染、深静脉血栓、髓内钉断裂、股骨干骨折、拉力螺钉松动断裂及切出股骨头、髋内翻畸形等并发症发生。结论ASIAN IMHS基于亚洲人解剖特点设计,治疗股骨转子间骨折具有操作步骤简单、创伤小、骨折同定确实、并发症少及患者町早期功能锻炼等优点,值得推荐。术中C臂正侧位测量克氏针尾端至关节面的距离之和对预防拉力螺钉切出股骨头有重要意义。     

Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes in China during 2004 to 2014: A retrospective study (the CARNATION Study)

BackgroundWe aimed to report pregnancy outcomes of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China, on which data were sparse.MethodsThis is a nationwide retrospective study conducted in 11 general medical centers in 8 cities across China. We investigated the clinical data of all women who attended these centers with a singleton pregnancy and whose pregnancy ended between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Pregnancies of women with pregestational T1D were ascertained and compared with those of women without T1D.ResultsFrom over 300 000 pregnancies over the 11‐year study period, we identified 265 singleton pregnancies of women with T1D. One maternal death was documented among 265 (0.37%) women with T1D and 83 among 318 486 (0.03%) women without T1D. Women with T1D suffered from higher rates of pregnancy loss (13.21% vs 2.92%, crude risk ratio [cRR] 5.08 [95% CI, 3.56‐7.26]) and preeclampsia (17.74% vs 4.20%, cRR 4.94 [95% CI, 3.60‐6.77]) compared with those without T1D. Infants of these women with T1D had elevated rates of neonatal death (5.65% vs 0.16%, cRR 37.36 [95% CI, 21.21‐65.82]) and congenital malformation(s) (8.26% vs 3.53%, cRR 2.46 [95% CI, 1.54‐3.93]) compared with those of women without T1D. No significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes in women with T1D was observed over the period 2004 to 2014.ConclusionsPregnancy outcomes were persistently poor in women with T1D during 2004 to 2014 in China. Pregnancy care needs to be improved to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with T1D.