癌胚抗原DNA疫苗对大肠癌特异性细胞免疫的激活效果

目的检测以质粒pIRES为载体构建的带有全序列癌胚抗原(CEA)基因的核苷酸疫苗对机体特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应的激活效果。方法将CEA基因片段连接于真核表达质粒pIRES中,用肌肉注射方法接种核酸疫苗;检测CEA在小鼠肌肉组织中的表达情况及其对小鼠脾细胞CEA特异性细胞免疫反应的激活效果。结果小鼠经肌肉注射质粒后,免疫组化证实该核酸疫苗可在体内有效表达CEA;分子免疫检测显示注射后小鼠特异性淋巴细胞增值反应明显并且伴有自然杀伤细胞NK活性显著增高。结论实验所构建的核酸疫苗pIRESCEA可在体外及小鼠体内高效表达并表现出良好的细胞免疫原性。     

中医微创治疗颈椎病综述

中华中医药学会首届中医微创学术大会于2006年7月15日在大庆市召开，颈椎病专题部分综述如下。[第一段]     

腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张60例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术的疗效。方法2000年1月～2004年1月对60例66条大隐静脉曲张腹腔镜辅助下行大隐静脉隔绝术,腹腔镜辅助下高位结扎、电灼大腿段大隐静脉,阻断其小腿段所有属支及交通支,使大隐静脉与体循环隔绝。结果手术时间30～60min,(50±9)min;术后住院时间3～5d,(3.5±0.6)d。60例随访1～36个月,平均28个月,无复发。结论腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术创伤小,疗效好,复发率低,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式。     

Synergistic effects of Nell-1 and BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts.

Osteogenesis is synergistically enhanced by the combined effect of complimentary factors. This study showed that Nell-1 and BMP-2 synergistically enhanced osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts and phosphorylated the JNK MAPK pathway. The findings are important because of the osteochondral specificity of Nell-1 signaling and the potential therapeutic effects of coordinated BMP-2 and Nell-1 delivery. INTRODUCTION: BMPs play an important role in the migration and proliferation of mesenchymal cells and have a unique ability to alter the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Signaling upstream of Cbfa1/Runx2, BMPs effects are not limited to cells of the osteoblast lineage. Thus, additional osteoblast-specific factors that could synergize with BMP-2 would be advantageous for bone regeneration procedures. NELL-1 (NEL-like molecule-1; NEL [a protein strongly expressed in neural tissue encoding epidermal growth factor like domain]) is a novel growth factor believed to preferentially target cells committed to the osteochondral lineage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 myoblasts were transduced with AdLacZ, AdNell-1, AdBMP-2, or AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 overexpression viruses. Effects were studied by cell morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin production, and MAPK signaling. Additionally, in a nude mouse model, viruses were injected into leg muscles, and new bone formation was examined after 2 and 8 wk. RESULTS: C2C12 myoblasts co-transduced with AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 showed a synergistic effect on osteogenic differentiation as detected by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin production. Nell-1 stimulation on AdNell-1 + AdBMP-2 preconditioned C2C12 cells revealed significant activation of the non-BMP-2 associated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathway, but not the p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) MAPK pathways. Importantly Nell-1 alone did not induce osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts. In a nude mouse model, injection of AdNell-1 alone stimulated no bone formation within muscle; however, injection of AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 stimulated a synergistic increase in bone formation compared with AdBMP-2 alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are important because of the confirmed osteochondral specificity of Nell-1 signaling and the potential therapeutic effects of enhanced BMP-2 action with coordinated Nell-1 delivery.     

LRIG1下调原代星形细胞瘤细胞增殖的机制

目的观察LRIGl蛋白表达对表皮生长因子（EGF）促肿瘤细胞增殖作用的影响，探讨LRIGl抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的机制。方法原代培养19例星形细胞瘤细胞，用原位杂交检测LRIGl的表达，用噻唑蓝（MTT）法观察EGF对培养细胞的促增殖作用，并分析培养细胞LRIGl表达和EGF干预后的细胞生长率的关系。结果（75．3±11．6）％的培养细胞表达LRIGl蛋白；EGF促进培养细胞增殖（38．0±14．8）％，EGF促细胞增殖的细胞生长率与LRIGl表达程度呈负相关。结论LRIGl蛋白可能通过抑制EGF—EGFR信号抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。     

心包膜移植在结膜囊成形术中的应用

目的：探讨保存人心包膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄的临床效果及安全性。方法：对眼球摘除术后伴有结膜囊狭窄综合征的26例26眼，利用心包膜移植行部分结膜囊成形术，术后随访观察3～12个月，平均8个月。结果：24眼（92．31％）在术后30～60天移植的心包膜被结膜覆盖，感染1例（3．85％），结膜囊狭窄1例（3．85％）。结论：保存心包膜移植治疗结膜囊狭窄取材方便，疗效显著，操作简单。     

New insights into thyroid stem cells.

Stem cells exhibit an extraordinary ability for self-renewal. They also give rise to many specialized cells. The potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and drug discovery has been well documented. Although advances in stem cell science have raised broad ethical concerns, it is clear that stem cell technology has revolutionized our thinking in modern biology and medicine and provided the basis for understanding many of the mechanisms controlling basic biological processes and disease mechanisms. This review details the nascent field of thyroid stem cell research, exploring the current status of thyroid stem cell differentiation from the perspectives of both developmental biology and cell replacement therapy. It highlights successes to date in the generation of thyroid follicular cells from embryonic stem cells in the laboratory and the identification and characterization of adult stem cells from human thyroid glands and thyroid cancers. Finally, it outlines future challenges with a focus on potential stem cell therapy for thyroid patients.     

关节镜下人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的临床初步体会

目的探讨关节镜下应用LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的可行性及近期疗效. 方法用法国产LARS人工韧带对16例前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤行关节镜下ACL重建术.等距点钻胫骨、股骨骨道,将肌腱拉入骨道,韧带游离部分位于关节腔内,拉紧后2枚螺钉固定韧带,合并损伤同期处理. 结果手术时间51～86 min,平均64 min.术后无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动明显受限等并发症.16例均随访1.5～6个月,平均3.8月.按照IKDC评分标准:术前C级6例,D级10例;术后A级6例,B级9例, C级1例(χ2=6.264,P<0.05).Lysholm膝关节功能评分术前36～76分,(63.7±7.3)分;术后86～97分,(94.8±9.6)分(t=10.356,P<0.05). 结论关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建ACL,操作简便,可使膝关节获得即时稳定性,早期康复锻炼,最大限度的防止关节功能受限,近期疗效满意.     

放射性125I粒子组织间植入或联合放化疗治疗复发直肠癌

目的探讨超声或CT引导下放射性125I粒子组织间植入治疗复发直肠癌的技术可行性、近期疗效和副反应.方法 15例直肠癌术后盆腔复发患者,女4例,男11例.硬膜外麻醉,2例经阴道超声引导,13例CT引导,行放射性125I粒子植入术.肿瘤匹配周边剂量为90～110 Gy,每颗粒子活度为0.50～0.70 mCi,植入33～70颗.术后24～48 h拍胸、盆腔X线片了解粒子是否发生移位.术后6例加三维适形放疗,4～6野/次,200～300 cGy/次,5次/周,总剂量为4 500～5 000 cGy,间隔4周.2例粒子治疗后加草酸铂、5-氟尿嘧啶和四氢叶酸化疗1个周期,随访3～15个月,根据CT扫描结果判断肿瘤大小. 结果术后平均7天疼痛缓解,其中12例完全缓解,2例部分缓解,1例无变化,有效率93%(14/15).9例肿瘤完全缓解,2例部分缓解,4例局部进展,局部控制率73%(11/15).2例术后6个月和12个月时死于肺转移.1例1颗粒子移位至盆壁,随访12个月无症状.无治疗相关并发症和副作用发生. 结论经超声或CT引导放射性125I粒子植入治疗复发直肠癌具有安全、微创、并发症发生率低和疗效肯定等优势,粒子治疗后应配合外放疗和全身化疗,有望进一步提高疗效.