中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效。方法:西药组23例用西药治疗,中西医结合组19例在用西药治疗的基础上加用柴芍承气汤及丹参注射液治疗。结果:中西医结合组疗效明显优于西药组(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎可明显改善急性期症状,减少并发症,改善预后。     

Clinical and immunologic effects of sublingual immunotherapy in asthmatic children sensitized to mites: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Immunotherapy through oral routes is thought to be a valuable therapeutic option for asthma. The clinical and immunologic effects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in children with asthma caused by mites were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study for 6 months. Patients (aged 6-12 yr) with mild-to-moderate asthma, with single sensitization to mite allergen, received either SLIT or placebo with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.)/D. farinae (D.f.) 50/50 extract. The cumulative dose was around 41824 IR, equivalent to 1.7 mg of D.p. and 3.0 mg of D.f. allergen. Symptom and medication scores were assessed throughout the study. Serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein, specific IgE, specific IgG4, and skin sensitivity were evaluated before starting the treatment and after the treatment period. Twenty patients completed the study. At the beginning of the treatment, no differences were observed between the groups for symptom and medication scores, skin sensitivity, or immunologic parameters. After 6 months of treatment, there was a significant difference in nighttime asthma symptom scores and specific IgG4 (p < 0.05) in the SLIT group compared with the placebo group. Daytime symptom and medication scores, total IgE, eosinophil count, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and mean evening peak expiratory flow rate reached significant differences in the SLIT group during the treatment period (p < 0.05). No severe adverse effects were reported. Our results revealed that treatment for 6 months with SLIT is clinically effective in decreasing asthmatic symptoms and medication use in children with mild-to-moderate asthma because of mite sensitivity. The clinical usefulness of this form of immunotherapy and the mechanism underlying its immunologic effects deserve further studies.     

未破裂脑动脉瘤的治疗选择

未破裂脑动脉瘤的处理存在争议。由于其自然史尚未完全明确,因此最佳的治疗策略也不清楚。目前对未破裂脑动脉瘤处理的共识包括观察、显微手术夹闭和血管内治疗。用于随访已知未破裂脑动脉瘤的方法学也有争议,可能取决于经治医生的偏好。大多数动脉瘤由神经外科医师和介入神经放射科医师处理,但未破裂动脉瘤通常是由神经科医师在对患者进行其他神经系统疾病的筛查时首先发现的。因此,关于何时对患者进行筛查和如何对未破裂动脉瘤采取最佳处理的知识将对其日常医疗实践有直接的影响。未破裂动脉瘤经常导致包括缺血事件、癫和头痛在内的其他神经系统症状,这些症状可能促进更积极的干预治疗。由于缺乏设计完善真正基于人群的研究或随机试验,因此目前的最佳处理必须以现有文献和每例患者当时的具体情况为根据。     

基于工业设计的康复代步器分析及规划探讨

目的：中国永久或暂时性需要代步辅助的人群数量居世界首位，康复代步器对于这些人群的身体恢复、生活质量乃至精神状态都具有非常重要的积极意义。通过深入调研分析，从国内的实际情况出发，探讨了康复代步器领域的发展规划，具有实际指导价值。资料来源：上海市残联、上海轮椅厂提供的最新第一手基础数据资料。同时计算机检索IEL数据库1997-01／2005-05期间的文章，检索词为“Rehabilitation Devices，Wheelchair”，限定文章语言种类为English；检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据1997-01／2005-05期间的相关文章，检索词为“康复器械，轮椅”，限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择：对资料进行初审，选取符合研究要求的有关文章，并开始查找全文。纳入标准：①国内外新型康复代步器械的研究。②有关中国残障需求情况的研究。排除标准：①陈旧的资料。②重复研究。资料提炼：共收集到297篇有关康复器械、轮椅及残障需求分析的文章，其中23篇符合研究要求。资料综合：①国内代步辅助需求调研：由于先天残疾、事故、疾病或者高龄等原因，我国需要轮椅的人数超过1500万，位居全球各国的首位，其中肢体残疾人数为1122万：约占总数的3／4。②国外康复代步器研究：西班牙研制的SIAMO智能轮椅采用呼吸实时驱动；日本革新的能够上下楼梯的康复代步器；美国开发的拥有3种运动模式的六轮自平衡康复代步器。③康复代步器领域展望：提供更多尺寸、更多品种、更多功能、更多档次的康复代步器。结论：依据“以人为本”的工业设计理念，分析和比较了国内外康复代步器的发展情况，由国内实际情况出发，提出在充分调研和建立残障人士基础数据库的平台上，运用以模块化为核心的数字设计制造技术，走出一条自主的设计制造的系列化、通用化、集约化康复代步器发展之路。     

健康和病变人声带振动特性声门图

本文用多功能声门图仪测定了健康受试者(男46名,女34名)和不同喉病患者(男134名,女87名)声门图的波形及其特征参数。根据测出的正常声门图及其参数分布研究了恶性喉病变、声带麻痹、喉内关节病变、功能性声门发声障碍、声带息肉、声带小结、喉炎和早期喉病的临床声门图表现及其与声带振动模式变异之间的关系,并探讨了上述病变声门图的鉴别诊断指标和用声门图对喉病手术治疗、药物治疗和功能治疗的疗效进行定性和定量评价。研究结果证实:声门图方法能准确、定量、灵敏地反映声带振动模式及其变异;在喉病诊治中具有重要的应用价值。     

Cholesterol-lowering drugs and advanced prostate cancer incidence in a large U.S. cohort.

BACKGROUND: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, account for the great majority of cholesterol-lowering drug use in the United States. Long-duration statin use was associated with substantially reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer in a recent large prospective study. METHODS: We examined the association between use of cholesterol-lowering drugs and prostate cancer incidence by disease stage and grade among 55,454 men in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate RRs. RESULTS: During follow-up from 1997 to 2003, we identified 3,413 cases of incident prostate cancer, including 317 cases of advanced prostate cancer. After adjustment for age, history of prostate-specific antigen testing, and other potential prostate cancer risk factors, current use of cholesterol-lowering drugs for 5 or more years was not associated with overall prostate cancer incidence (multivariate adjusted rate ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.20), but was associated with a marginally statistically significant reduction in risk of advanced prostate cancer (rate ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.00). CONCLUSION: These results provide some support for the hypothesis that long-term statin use is associated with reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer.