Premercapturic acid metabolites of bromobenzene derived via its 2,3- and 3,4-oxide metabolites

1. A new premercapturic acid metabolite of bromobenzene was isolated from the urine of beta-naphthoflavone-induced rats; using 1H-n.m.r., FAB mass spectrometry and chemical degradation it was identified as S-(2-hydroxy-3-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-N-acetylcysteine. 2. Two regioisomeric premercapturic acids apparently derived from bromobenzene-3,4-oxide were isolated as an inseparable 1:1 mixture from the urine of phenobarbital-induced rats and characterized by similar means. 3. Acid dehydration of bromobenzene 3,4- and 4,3-premercapturic acids (mixture) afforded only p-bromophenylmercapturic acid, whereas acid dehydration of 3,2-premercapturic acid gave both o- and m-bromophenylmercapturic acids. This implies a shift of sulphur in acid dehydration of the 3,4- and 3,2- but not the 4,3-premercapturic acids. 4. Base dehydration of the 3,4- and 4,3-premercapturic acid mixture gave a mixture of p- and m-bromophenylmercapturic acids, whereas base dehydration of the 3,2-premercapturic acid gave only m-bromophenylmercapturic acid. This indicates these premercapturic acids dehydrate by direct elimination without rearrangment. 5. The 3,2-premercapturic acid was detected only in the urine of BNF-induced animals, whereas the 3,4- and 4,3-premercapturic acids were detected in the urines of untreated as well as PB- and BNF-induced animals. 6. Together with earlier reports of the isolation of the 2,3-dihydrodiol, the isolation of the 3,2-premercapturic acid as a urinary metabolite of bromobenzene implies that bromobenzene-2,3-oxide is a discrete metabolite of bromobenzene and not merely a hypothetical intermediate.     

可调节型充气体位垫的制作和应用

手术中常用体位垫来调整体位及预防褥疮,但以往使用的软垫、海绵垫等却不可根据手术及术中的要求来调节高度,我科对其进行研究并利用现有材料,将其改进制成可调节型充气体位垫,投入临床试用,效果较好。现介绍如下。1材料与制作取上海百特医疗用品有限公司生产的3L容量的氯化钠溶液软包装袋一个,将其中一个出口封闭,使其不漏气。将一根长30cm~50cm长的橡胶管固定于另一个出口,使其不漏气,并将输血器调节器穿于橡胶管上,调节滚轴,起开关作用。连接气压止血器充气,即成可调节型充气调节体位垫。2使用方法根据手术要求将橡胶管连接于气压止血器…     

喉癌患者术后的适应性研究

喉癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤,目前手术仍是治疗喉癌的主要手段.通过对喉癌术后患者的适应状态、适应测量及影响适应的因素进行综述,提出对喉癌术后适应干预的研究应该针对患者的年龄与性别、个性特征提供不同的应对、治疗方式、术后时间、社会支持和信息等方面知识.     

非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度值的临床意义

目的:为了探讨非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度值测定的临床意义。方法:对91例非依赖型糖尿病血液流变学低切率粘度值进行了检测,并对其结果及形成机制进行了分析讨论。结果:91例非依赖型糖尿病低切变率粘度值和对照组相比有显著性差异,p<0．01。结论:非依赖型糖尿病全血低切变率粘度增高,可造成微血管循环障碍,是非依赖型糖尿病易形成心梗、脑梗及其他微血管病的一种重要因素。     

Intraprostatic chemotherapy: distribution and transport mechanisms.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the tissue distribution and targeting advantage of intraprostatic chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied the delivery and spatial distribution of a fluorescent drug, doxorubicin, in the prostate of beagle dogs, after intraprostatic or i.v. administration. Drug concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: I.v. and intraprostatic injections yielded qualitatively and quantitatively different doxorubicin distribution in the prostate. A relatively homogeneous distribution was found after i.v. administration, whereas intraprostatic injection yielded a highly heterogeneous distribution with >10-fold higher concentrations localized in a cone-shaped glandular lobule bound by fibromuscular stroma, compared with other parts of the prostate. Compared with i.v. injection, intraprostatic injection yielded, on average, approximately 100-fold higher tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio, ranging from 963-fold near the injection site to 19-fold in the contralateral half of the prostate. The drug distribution within the prostate further suggests an important role for acinar flow in intraprostatic drug transport. CONCLUSIONS: Intraprostatic administration represents a viable option to deliver high drug concentrations within the prostate. The results further suggest the fibromuscular stroma separating the prostatic lobules as a major barrier to drug transport and convective flow as an important drug transport mechanism in the prostate.     

支气管结核纤维支气管镜下局部清理、注药与联合微波治疗的疗效比较

支气管结核患者由于支气管局部的肉芽组织增生、溃疡、干酪性坏死、管腔狭窄阻塞等改变，虽然使用强有力的全身抗痨方案治疗，亦很难将其治愈，常常迁延不愈，局部结构组织破坏明显，引起永久性狭窄、闭塞，导致肺不张、毁损肺等严重的并发症。全身抗痨结合纤维支气管镜清理支气管局部的增生肉芽、坏死组织后注入异烟肼、链霉素的方法可使疗效明显提高。近年来微波技术已逐渐应用于通过纤维支气管镜治疗多种气道疾病。现将我院近5年来确诊的支气管结核用纤支镜局部病灶清理、注抗痨药治疗与同时联合微波热灼治疗的疗效进行分析、报告如下。     

计算机医嘱输入系统对用药错误的助长作用

背景：医院的计算机医嘱输入（computerized physician order entry，CPOE）系统被广泛认为能从技术上解决用药错误，后者是最常见的可以预防的医院诊疗错误的来源。已发表的研究表明，CPOE可减少高达81％的用药错误。然而，很少研究关注CPOE助长用药错误作用的范围或类型。     

Cytotoxic lipid esters from Peucedanum ledebourielloides

Two cancer cell growth inhibitory esters, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-glucosyl glycerol (1) and 1,6-dihydroxy-hexane-bis-palmitoyl ester (2), together with arachidic acid-2-hydroxy-glycerol ester, daucosterol, and oleanolic acid, were isolated from the roots of Peucedanum ledebourielloides (Apiaceae family). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The esters 1 and 2 displayed significant activity against the SGC-7901, HT-29, and HL-60 cancer cell lines.