原发性淀粉样变误诊一例

患者女性,69岁,教师,因活动后气促伴双下肢水肿1年,加重半个月于2009年11月9日人我院.患者1年前无明显诱因出现活动后气促,休息后可缓解,无夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴双下肢凹陷性水肿,并出现皮肤易破溃,轻微碰撞后出现皮下瘀斑.患者在入院前曾多次就诊于当地不同的三级甲等医院,2009年4月于当地医院查胸片示:两肺间质性改变,心脏横径增大.     

西地那非治疗肺动脉高压疗效和安全性的初步观察

目的 探讨西地那非治疗对肺动脉高压患者的临床疗效及耐受性,为西地那非治疗肺动脉高压提供依据.方法 连续入选2007年5月至2009年4月阜外心血管病医院收治的肺动脉高压患者56例,其中男11例,女45例,年龄(31±11)岁.给予西地那非25 mg口服,3次/d,记录治疗前和治疗12周后患者心功能和肺动脉高压功能分级、6 min步行距离、Borg呼吸困难指数、血流动力学改变及临床症状,同时监测患者血液循环及实验室检测指标及不良反应.结果 治疗12周后,患者心功能和肺动脉高压功能分级有明显改善(P<0.01),其中2例Ⅳ级升高至Ⅲ级;8例Ⅲ级改善为Ⅱ级,2例升高至Ⅰ级;5例Ⅱ级升高至Ⅰ级.无纽约心功能分级及世界卫生组织肺动脉高压功能分级恶化病例;6 min步行距离由(352±80)m增加至(396±78)m;差值为(44±70)m(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压降低(6±14)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、肺血管阻力降低(490±832) Dys·s·cm-5(均P<0.01)心输出量增加(1.1±2.0) L/min,P<0.01;心指数增加(0.7±1.1) L·min-1·m-2(均P<0.01).患者无临床恶化情况,耐受性良好,无严重不良事件.结论 西地那非治疗可显著改善肺动脉高压患者功能分级,活动耐力及血流动力学.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of oral sildenafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH), and to provide evidence for sildenafil treatment for Chinese patients with PAH. Methods In this 12-week, prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study, 56 patients with PAH were given oral sildenafil (25 mg, tid). The primary end point was change from baseline to 12 weeks in exercise capacity assessed by 6 min walk (6MW) test. Secondary end points included changes in WHO class and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Clinical worsening was defined as death, transplantation, hospitalization for PAH, or initiation of additional therapies for PAH, such as intravenous epoprostenol or oral bosentan. Results After 12 weeks, the compliance was good in 56 patients. Significant improvement was seen in NYHA heart function class and WHO class as compared to baseline(P<0.01): from class Ⅳ to class Ⅲ in 2, from class Ⅲ to class Ⅱ in 8 and to class Ⅰ in 2 cases, and from class Ⅱ to class Ⅰ in 5 cases. No NYHA heart function class and WHO PAH function class deterioration were observed. Oral sidenafil increased 6MW distance, from (352±80) m to (396±78) m, with a change of (44±70) m(P<0.01). Significant improvement was seen in hemodynamics (mean pulmonary artery pressure, P<0.01; cardiac index, P<0.01; pulmonary vascular resistance, P<0.01) at week 12 as compared with baseline. Mean right atrial pressure decreased (3±11)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased (6±14) mm Hg, cardiac output increased (1.1±2.0)L/min, cardiac index increased (0.7±1.1)L·min-1·m-2, and total pulmonary resistance decreased (490±831) Dys·s·cm-5. Side effects were mild and consistent with those reported with sildenafil treatment. No statistically significant clinical worsening was observed with sildenafil therapy for PAH patients. Conclusions Sildenafil improves exercise capacity, WHO functional class, and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.     

A(1)H NMR-based metabonomic study on the SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice and the effect of electro-acupuncture

A ¹H NMR-based metabonomic method was used to investigate the metabolic change of plasma in senescence-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice before and after electro-acupuncture (EA). Sixteen SAMP8 male mice (aged 8 months) were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture treatment group while the later group received EA treatment for 21 days. Eight senescence-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice were used as the control group. Morris water maze was used to evaluate the effects of EA. All mice plasma samples obtained from different groups were analyzed by using 600 MHz ¹H nuclear magnetic resonances (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. The data sets were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate the key plasma metabolites among different groups. Results indicated that both the escape and probe tasks of SAMP8 could be improved by EA treatment. Metabonomic study showed that SAMR1 and SAMP8 were separated clearly in both CPMG_OSC_PLS and LED _OSC_PLS score plots. Interestingly, samples obtained from EA group were distributed closely to SAMR1 group in CPMG_OSC_PLS score plot, but away from SAMP8 group in LED_OSC_PLS score plot. Corresponding loading plots showed that much less lactate was seen in SAMP8 mice plasma. Other changes including higher levels of dimethylamine (DMA) Choline and α-glucose but lower levels of leucine/isoleucine, HDL, LDL/VLDL, 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), and Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were observed in the SAMP8 mice plasma than in the SAMR1. After EA treatment, the levels of lactate, DMA, choline and TMAO were improved. Results of this work can provide valuable clues to the understanding of the metabolic changes in the senile impairment of mice. It is also hoped that the methodology can be used in evaluating the effects of EA and understanding the underlying acupuncture mechanism in treating neurodegenerative diseases.     

冠状动脉瘘的CT血管成像表现

目的 分析冠状动脉瘘的CT血管成像表现.方法 回顾性分析12717例行冠状动脉多排螺旋CT血管成像检查病例,其中诊断冠状动脉瘘66例.综合多种后处理图像,记录冠状动脉瘘的起源、瘘口、冠状动脉有无斑块及狭窄.其中14例患者行冠状动脉造影,比较两种检查方法结果的异同.结果 66例冠状动脉瘘中,起源于双侧冠状动脉21例,左冠状动脉26例,右冠状动脉19例;而瘘口在肺动脉41例,左心房10例,右心房8例,左心室4例,冠状静脉2例,右心室1例.14例患者冠状动脉造影显示的瘘管起源和瘘口部位均与多排螺旋CT血管成像一致.31例冠状动脉瘘同时伴冠状动脉斑块形成,其中狭窄程度≥50%者7例.结论 双侧冠状动脉起源的冠状动脉瘘并不少见,且瘘口在肺动脉者最多.CT血管成像可作为冠状动脉瘘的首选检查手段,可为该病的治疗提供重要的术前信息.

Abstract：

Objective To analyzed the computed tomography angiography (CTA) features of the coronary artery fistulas. Methods Sixty-six coronary artery fistulas were diagnosed out of 12 717 patients underwent the coronary artery multiple detector CTA examination. The origin and drainage site of the coronary artery fistulas and the plaque and stenosis of the coronary artery were observed by post-processing analysis on various images. Coronary artery angiography was performed in 14 out of 66 coronary artery fistulas patients. Results Coronary artery fistulas arose from bilateral coronary artery system in 21 cases, from left coronary artery in 26 cases and from right coronary artery in 19 cases. The majority of coronary artery fistulas entered into pulmonary artery (41 cases). The rest drainage sites included left atrium (10 cases), right atrium (8 cases),left ventricle (4 cases), coronary sinus (2 cases) and right ventricle (1 case). The findings of CTA and coronary artery angiography were consistent in 14 patients with DSA examination. Coronary artery plagues were evidenced in 31 cases and stenosis was greater than 50% in 7 coronary artery fistulas patients. Conclusions Multiple coronary artery fistulas are not rare, and pulmonary artery is the most frequent drainage site. When suspecting the coronary artery fistulas, coronary artery CTA can be the first choice of diagnose. CTA can supply adequate information for therapy.     

县级血吸虫病防治机构诊断实验室现状

目的 了解我国县级血吸虫病防治机构血吸虫病诊断实验室建设及诊断能力现状,为国家和省级有关部门制订卫生(血防)政策、优化卫生资源配置提供依据.方法 随机抽取40个国家级血吸虫病监测点所在的县级血防专业机构实验室,通过问卷调查等方式调查实验室人员、用房面积、仪器设备配置情况及常用血吸虫病诊断方法等信息;抽取各监测点10%的...     

Lipid overaccumulation and drastic insulin resistance in adult catch-up growth rats induced by nutrition promotion after undernutrition

This study was designed to explore the metabolic changes resulting from catch-up growth in adult (CUGA) induced by varying degrees of nutrition promotion after undernutrition and to confirm whether these changes are transient or not. The CUGA models were developed on rats refed on intakes of normal chow or high-fat diet after a period of caloric restriction. The growth of the rats measured by body weight and length stagnated during caloric restriction and then rapidly accelerated following refeeding. Catch-up growth in adult resulted in an increase in intramuscular and intrahepatic lipid content, visceral fat deposition, and insulin resistance, which is consistent with a transient rise in food efficiency during the early stage of refeeding. In addition, ectopic lipid deposition, visceral fat accumulation, and insulin resistance were more severe in rats refed the high-fat diet than rats refed the normal chow. These findings suggest that CUGA induced by rapid nutrition promotion could result in persistent lipid overaccumulation (increased visceral fat and ectopic lipid deposition) and drastic systemic insulin resistance. The effects of CUGA on metabolic characteristics are dependent on the type of diet that is used for refeeding, especially on the amount of fat intake.     

Down-regulation of JAK1 by RNA interference inhibits growth of the lung cancer cell line A549 and interferes with the PI3K/mTOR pathway

Purpose  

The mammalian Janus kinase (JAK) family plays a critical role in cytokine/growth factor signalling pathways and is associated with human cancers. In this study, we explored the role of JAK1 in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and its molecular crosstalk with the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.     

Preliminary Survey on the Prevalence Rate of Hypertension in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its primary risk factors in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Three hundred and sixty-two patients with DCM(DCM group)and 401 age-matched residents (control group) were enrolled randomly in the study, the hypertensive prevalence rate were calculated respectively in the two groups and were compared with each other; the patients in the DCM group were divided into two subgroups (hypertension subgroup and non-hypertension subgroup) according to whether the patients have hypertension; the clinical data related to blood pressure was compared between the two subgroups. Results The prevalence of hypertension in DCM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (32.8% vs. 20.1%, P<0.01); There were no significant differences on the age, gender, occupation and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the two subgroups, but the mean heart rate and the percentage of patients who had family history of hypertension were significantly higher in the hypertension subgroup than that in the non-hypertension subgroup (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in patients with DCM was high; The increased activity of sympathetic nervous system and the hypertensive genetic factor may be the main risk factors of hypertension in patients with DCM.     

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces differentiation of RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line into dendritic-like cells

Dendtritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells and have an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent data suggests oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes the transition of a differentiating monocyte to a mature dendritic cell. In this study, we examined whether oxLDL could induce the differentiation of mature macrophages into DCs. After 48 h treatment with oxLDL, RAW264.7 cells increased in cell size and exhibited dendritic morphology. At the optimal oxLDL dose (10 μg/ml), approximately 74% of RAW264.7 cells differentiated into dendritic-like cells. Flow cytometric analysis detected dendritic cell surface markers (CD83, CD40, CD86, MHC Class II, and CD1d), and their expression increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 cells showed functional changes including reduced endocytic activity, increased allostimulatory activity, and IL-12 production. The findings of the present work demonstrate that RAW264.7 cells, incubated with oxLDL, acquire some dendritic cell features.