高效液相色谱法测定醋氯芬酸缓释片的含量

目的：建立了高效液相色谱法测定醋氯芬酸缓释片的含量。方法：采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱,以乙腈－四氢呋喃－冰醋酸（25：25：50,用1．0mol/L的NaOH高pH3.5）为流动相,流速为1.0ml/min,以对羟基联苯为内标物,检测波长为275nm,结果：醋 芬酸在10．2－50．1ug/ml范围内呈良好线性（r=0.9993),平均回收率为100．3％,RSD为0．45％,结论：本法可用于该片剂的测定,操作简便,结果准确。     

炔诺酮肟(NETO)与炔诺酮(NET)在猴体内的药代动力学

利用HPLC分离和液闪测定放射性的方法,研究了恒河猴ⅳ和鼻饲NETO和NET的药代动力学。鼻饲后NETO和NET吸收迅速,24 h内均基本消除。鼻饲或ⅳNETO后,一部分迅速转变为NET,一部分以原药形式存在。两药的血药浓度—时间曲线符合po或ⅳ的二室开放模型。二原药的主要药代动力学参数无显著差异。NETO与NET的鼻饲绝对生物利用度分別为64.46±34.60与35.02±26.49%。     

More than just talk: the framing of transactional sex and its implications for vulnerability to HIV in Lesotho, Madagascar and South Africa

Background

Despite massive scale up of funds from global health initiatives including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and other donors, the ambitious target agreed by G8 leaders in 2005 in Gleneagles to achieve universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment by 2010 has not been reached. Significant barriers to access remain in former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, a region now recognised as a priority area by policymakers. There have been few empirical studies of access to HIV/AIDS services in FSU countries, resulting in limited understanding and implementation of accessible HIV/AIDS interventions. This paper explores the multiple access barriers to HIV/AIDS services experienced by a key risk group-injecting drug users (IDUs).

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two FSU countries-Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan-with clients receiving Global Fund-supported services (Ukraine n = 118, Kyrgyzstan n = 84), service providers (Ukraine n = 138, Kyrgyzstan n = 58) and a purposive sample of national and subnational stakeholders (Ukraine n = 135, Kyrgyzstan n = 86). Systematic thematic analysis of these qualitative data was conducted by country teams, and a comparative synthesis of findings undertaken by the authors.

Results

Stigmatisation of HIV/AIDS and drug use was an important barrier to IDUs accessing HIV/AIDS services in both countries. Other connected barriers included: criminalisation of drug use; discriminatory practices among government service providers; limited knowledge of HIV/AIDS, services and entitlements; shortages of commodities and human resources; and organisational, economic and geographical barriers.

Conclusions

Approaches to thinking about universal access frequently assume increased availability of services means increased accessibility of services. Our study demonstrates that while there is greater availability of HIV/AIDS services in Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, this does not equate with greater accessibility because of multiple, complex, and interrelated barriers to HIV/AIDS service utilisation at the service delivery level. Factors external to, as well as within, the health sector are key to understanding the access deficit in the FSU where low or concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemics are prevalent. Funders of HIV/AIDS programmes need to consider how best to tackle key structural and systemic drivers of access including prohibitionist legislation on drugs use, limited transparency and low staff salaries within the health sector.     

大黄素对大鼠原位肝移植术后急性排斥反应的干预

目的:目前国外已有少量报道证实中药大黄素具有极强的免疫抑制效应。实验拟进一步验证大黄素对同种异体大鼠肝移植术后早期急性排斥反应的干预效果。方法:实验于2004-01/2005-02在西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科实验室完成。制备SD→Wistar大鼠全血供肝移植模型(n=80),按随机数字表法分为4组,每组20只。模型对照组、大黄素组、环孢素A组及环孢素A 大黄素组分别腹腔注射给予9g/L生理盐水、1.5mg/(kg·d)大黄素、3mg/(kg·d)环孢素A及3mg/(kg·d)环孢素 1.5mg/(kg·d)大黄素。术后观察大鼠一般情况,并于第7天各组分别处死10只大鼠,取肝脏标本及血清,观察移植肝组织排斥反应强度、Fractalkine(Fkn)阳性表达情况及大鼠血清中白蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶活性,余受体继续应用药物干预直至死亡,记录其生存时间。结果:各组受体手术成功数量分别为模型对照组17只、大黄素组18只、环孢素A组18只、环孢素A 大黄素组18只。①与模型对照组相比,各用药组大鼠术后存活时间明显延长(P<0.05),以环孢素A 大黄素组存活时间最长。②与模型对照组相比,各用药组大鼠术后第7天移植肝排斥反应强度明显降低(P<0.05),血清中白蛋白含量明显升高,而谷丙转氨酶活性明显降低(P均<0.05),肝组织中Fkn表达阳性率明显降低(P<0.05),以环孢素A 大黄素组表现最为显著。结论:大黄素具有抑制同种异体大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应发生、发展的作用,与环孢素A联用具有协同作用。     

Clinical,biochemical and molecular characterization of peroxisomal diseases in Arabs

Shaheen R, Al‐Dirbashi OY, Al‐Hassnan ZN, Al‐Owain M, Makhsheed N, Basheeri F, Seidahmed MZ, Salih MAM, Faqih E, Zaidan H, Al‐Sayed M, Rahbeeni Z, Al‐Sheddi T, Hashem M, Kurdi W, Shimozawa N, Alkuraya FS. Clinical, biochemical and molecular characterization of peroxisomal diseases in Arabs. Peroxisomes are single membrane‐bound cellular organelles that carry out critical metabolic reactions perturbation of which leads to an array of clinical phenotypes known as peroxisomal disorders (PD). In this study, the largest of its kind in the Middle East, we sought to comprehensively characterize these rare disorders at the clinical, biochemical and molecular levels. Over a 2‐year period, we have enrolled 17 patients representing 16 Arab families. Zellweger‐spectrum phenotype was observed in 12 patients and the remaining 5 had the rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata phenotype. We show that homozygosity mapping is a cost‐effective strategy that enabled the identification of the underlying genetic defect in 100% of the cases. The pathogenic nature of the mutations identified was confirmed by immunofluorescence and complementation assays. We confirm the genetic heterogeneity of PD in our population, expand the pool of pathogenic alleles and draw some phenotype/genotype correlations.     

Persistent synovitis treated with radiation synovectomy using yttrium- 90: a retrospective evaluation of 83 procedures for 45 patients

The objectives were to investigate the efficacy and safety of yttrium- 90 colloid (Y-90) synovectomy in joints with persistent synovitis and to examine the effect of a second synovectomy using a double dose after an initial inadequate response. Of the 45 patients at the University Hospital Utrecht who underwent Y-90 synovectomy between July 1987 and October 1995, the effectiveness and side-effects of all yttrium procedures (n = 83) were assessed retrospectively. Glucocorticoids were administered together with the yttrium, except in 1987. Radiation synovectomy had an overall success rate of 75% (complete or almost complete remission of synovitis) initially, i.e. within 1 month of the procedure, partly due to co-administration of glucocorticoids. However, in October 1995, only 17 joints (22%) were still in remission with a mean (S.D.) duration of remission of 20.8 months (22.0), range 1-95 months (median 16 months). In 60 joints (78%), synovitis was present at that time because of an unsatisfactory initial response to the Y-90 injection (19 joints) or recurrent synovitis during follow-up (41 joints); the mean (S.D.) duration of remission of these 60 joints was 3.3 months (5.9), range 0-22 months. A second injection of a double dose of Y-90 after an initial inadequate response (n = 8) did not contribute significantly to a better result. Short-term side-effects occurred in two cases after two Y-90 injections (2%) without glucocorticoid co-administration: a post-injection flare-up of synovitis and a local skin burn lesion. Persistent synovitis can be treated by Y-90 synovectomy with an overall success rate of 75% within 1 month. However, prolonged remission of synovitis is only achieved in 29% of joints with a good initial response. It does not appear worthwhile to perform a second synovectomy with a double dose if the initial response was inadequate. Y-90 synovectomy leads to only minor short-term side-effects (2%).      

衣原体感染与分泌性中耳炎的关系

1 临床资料 1998/2003年分泌性耳炎44例50耳,单耳38例,双耳6例;男30例,女14例;病程2 wk～6 mo,年龄14～67岁. 行鼓膜穿刺术抽出中耳积液100 μL混悬于200 μL生理盐水中,以8000 r/min离心5 min,去除上清液后加细胞裂解缓冲液50 μL混匀,100℃沸水浴10 min, 1000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液2 μL做PCR反应.     

Gene expression down-regulation in CD90+ prostate tumor-associated stromal cells involves potential organ-specific genes

Background  

The prostate stroma is a key mediator of epithelial differentiation and development, and potentially plays a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The tumor-associated stroma is marked by increased expression of CD90/THY1. Isolation and characterization of these stromal cells could provide valuable insight into the biology of the tumor microenvironment.     

小光斑飞点扫描准分子激光角膜内磨镶术护理

1临床资料我院眼科准分子近视矫正中心2000-09/2004-06共完成LASIK手术5678(男2841,女2837)例11350眼.年龄18～49(平均25.8±6.3)岁.术前行角膜、晶状体、玻璃体和眼底检查,排除有无角膜炎症、晶体混浊、玻璃体混浊等眼科疾病.